1903 Central and South American Trade. COUNTRIES. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. Bolivia.. 6,407,000 10,157,000 Honduras. 129,930,000 191,849,000 Mexico.. 71,868,000 103,223,000 Nicaragua 12,658,000 Paraguay. 1904 Costa Rica. 1904 5,463.000 6,716,000 Peru 1904 20,916.000 19,790,000 Dominican Republic... 1901 2,987,000 5,224,000 Salvador. Ecuador.. 1904 7,469,000 11,642,000 Uruguay. 39,764,000 7,350,000 Venezuela. 1903 5,425,000 For trade with the United States see page 194. 7,653,000 The above returns were compiled from the reports of the Bureau of Statistics of the Department of Commerce and Labor. POPULATION OF THE LATIN-AMERICAN REPUBLICS. The estimates of population are by the International Bureau of the American Republics, Washington, D. C. The International Bureau of the American Republics was established under the recommendation of the International American Conference in 1890 for the purpose of maintaining closer relations between the several republics of the Western Hemisphere. It was reorganized by the International American Conferences of 1901 and 1906, and its scope widened by imposing many new and important duties. A prominent feature of the new arrangement was the foundation of the Columbus Memorial Library. The International Bureau corresponds, through the diplomatic representauves of the several governments in Washington, with the executive departments of these governments, and is required to furnish such information as it possesses or can obtain to any of the republics making requests. It is the custodian of the archives of the International American Conferences and is especially charged with the performance of duties imposed upon it by these conferences. and the Boer colonies* 2,807,760 43,495, 754 TURKISH AFRICA: Tri FRENCH AFRICA: Alge ria, Senegal, French Soudan and the Niger, Coast, Congo Region, Somali Coast, Madagascar and Islands. 1,232, 454 18,073,890 poli and the Mediter- 8,087,553 117,104,871 Egypt and the Egyptian Soudan, although nominally under the suzerainty of Turkey, are really controlled by Great Britain, and it is only a matter of time as to when they will be incorporated into the British Empire. Adding Egypt and the Soudan to the Empire would increase the figures above given to 3,207,700 square miles and 50,316,019 population. The remaining territory of Africa unoccupied is a part of the great Desert of Sahara and the Independent States of Abyssinia and Liberia. Even this territory, except the last, is destined to pass under the power of the Europeans. The tabular figures are from The Statesman's Year-Book." Egyptian (British) and French territory in the Soudan, according to British claims, touch along the line of the 27th degree of latitude. Prior to the revolt of the Mahdi in 1882 Egypt claimed Darfar, Kordofan, Senaar, Taka, the Equatorial Province, and the Bahr-el-Ghazal Province. Though authority over these was lost by the success of the Mahdi, Egypt did not relinquish her claim, and her full authority was resumed by the victories of General Kitchener in 1898. The French were disposed to dispute these claims and assert a right to territory as far east as the banks of the Nile, thus covering the Bahr-el-Ghazal Province. Hence the appearance of Major Marchand at Fashoda on the Nile many miles south of Khartouma. But this position the French bave now abandoned. Largest Cities of the Earth. POPULATION ACCORDING TO THE LATEST OFFICIAL CENSUSES. Population of Greater London (metropolitan and city police districts), 6,581,372. + With suburbs. NOTE The population of Chinese cities other than Canton, Peking, and Shanghai is omitted, because reports respecting it are utterly untrustworthy. There are forty or more Chinese cities whose inhabitants are numbered by rumor at from 200,000 to 1,000,000 each, but no official censuses have ever been taken; and setting aside consideration of the Oriental tendency to exaggera on, there is reason to believe that the estimates of population in many instancia corared districts of country bearing the sam mamas as the cities, fastead of definita municipalitini. Hawaii....... 154,001 Idaho. 14,999 Illinois Indiana 55,162 157,445 147,178 343,031 Indian Territory .... Iowa. Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine 583,169 Maryland 407,350 447,040 470,019 583,034 Massachusetts 523,159 610,408 737,699 994,514 32,610 84,385 161,772 476,183 851,470 1,711,951 2,539,891 3,077,871 3,826,351 4,821,550 685,866 988,416 1,350,428 1,680,637 1,978,301 2,192,404 2,516,462 392,060 43,112 192,214 674,913 1,194,020 1,624,615 1,911,896 2,231,853 107,206 364,399 996,096 1,427,096 1,470,495 564,135 687,917 779,828 982,405 1,155,684 1,321,011 1,648,690 1,858,635 2,147,174 152,923 215,739 352,411 517,762 708,002 726,915 939,946 1,118,587 1,381,625 298,269 399,455 501,793 628,279 626,915 648,936 661,086 694,466 687,049 780,894 934,943 1,042,390 1,188,044 1,231,066 1,457,351 1,783,085 2,238,943 2,805,346 749,113 1,184,059 1,636,937 2,093,889 2,420,982 6,077 172,023 439,706 780,773 1,301,826 1,751,394 606,526 791,305 827,922 1,131,597 1,289,600 1,551,270 682,044 1,182,012 1,721,295 2,168,380 2,679,184 3,106,665 20,595 39,159 132,159 243,329 122,993 452,402 1,058,910 1,066,300 42,491 62,266 45,761 42,335 317,976 318,300 346,991 376,530 411,588 489,555 672,035 906,096 1,131,116 1,444,933 1,883,669 61,547 93,516 91,874 119,565 153,593 195,310 1,372,111 1,918,608 2,428,921 3,097,394 3,880,735 4,382,759 5,082,871 5.997,853 7,268,894 638,829 737,987 753,419 869,039 992,622 1,071,361 1,399,750 1,617,947 1,893,810 182,719 319,146 581,295 937,903 1,519,467 1,980,329 2,339,511 2,665,260 3,198,062 3,672,316 4,157,545 244,022 269,328 284,574 Pennsylvania 1,047,507 1,348,233 1,724,033 681,904 61,834 398,331 13,294 52,465 90,923 174,768 313,767 413,536 2,311,786 2,906,215 3,521,951 4,282,891 5,258,014 6,302,115 147,545 174,620 217,353 276,531 345,506 428,556 668,507 703,708 705,606 995,577 1,151,149 1,340,316 328,808 401,570 1,002,717 1,109,801 1,258,520 1,542,359 1,767,518 2,020,616 212,592 604,215 818,579 1,591,749 2,235,523 3,048,710 11,380 40,273 86,786 143,963 235,966 30,945 305,391 332,286 1,512,565 75,116 618,457 207,905 276 749 332,422 343,641 1,655,980 1,854,184 11,594 23,955 349,390 518,103 442,014 762,704 958,800 775,881 1,054,670 1,315,497 1,686,880 2,069,042 9,118 20,789 60,705 92,531 9,633,822 12.866,020 17,069.453 23,191,876 31,443,321 38,558,371 50,155,783 62,622,250 +76,303,387 Population Continental United States (including Alaska), 76,149,386 (1900); Philippines (1903), 7,635,426; Porto Rico, 953,243; Hawaii, 154,001; Guam, 8,661; American Samoa, 5,800. Total population, 85,271,093. Population 1907, estimating Continental United States, about 94,000,000. For population of States by State Censuses of 1905, see page 396. *The inhabitants of Alaska and the Indian Territory are not included in the enumeration of 1890. The population of Alaska in 1890 was 30,329; of the Indian Territory, 179,321. Total population of the United States in 1890, 62,831,900. The inhabitants of Alaska were not included in the enumeration of 1880. The population was 33,426. Total population of the United States in 1880, 50,189,209. Includes 91, 219 persons in the military and naval service of the United States. POPULATION: CENSUS OF 1790.-Connecticut, 237,946; Delaware, 59,096; Georgia, 82,548; Kentucky, 73,677; Maine, 96,540; Maryland, 319,728; Massachusetts, 378,787; New Hampshire, 141,885; New Jersey, 184,139; New York, 340,120; North Carolina, 393,751; Pennsylvania, 434.373; Rhode Island, 68,825; South Carolina, 249,073; Tennessee, 35.691; Vermont, 85,425; Virginia, 747,610. Total U. S., 3,929,214. POPULATION: CENSUS OF 1800.-Connecticut, 251,002; Delaware, 64.273: District of Columbia, 14,093; Georgia, 162,686; Indiana, 5,641; Kentucky, 220.955; Maine, ‡ 151,719; Marvland, 341,548; Massachusetts, 422,845; Mississippi, 8,850; New Hampshire, 183,858: New Jersey, 211,149; New York, 589,051; North Carolina, 478,103; Ohio, 45,365: Pennsylvania, 602,365; Rhode Island, 69.122; South Carolina, 345,591; Tennessee, 105,602; Vermont, 154,465; Virginia, 880,200. Total U. S., 5,308,483. POPULATION: CENSUS OF 1810.-Connecticut, 261.942: Delaware, 72, 674: District of Columbia, 24,023; Georgia, 252.433; Illinois, 12, 282; Indiana. 24,520: Kentucky, 406.511; Louisiana, 76.556; Maine, 228,705 Maryland. 380.546: Massachusetts, 472,040; Michigan, 4.762; Mississippi, 40.352: Missouri, 20,845; New Hampshire, 214,460; New Jersey, 245,562: New York, 959,049: North Carolina, 555,500: Ohio. 230,760; Pennsylvania, 810,091; Rhode Island. 76,931; South Carolina, 415.115; Tennessee, 261,727; Vermont. 217,895; Virginia, 974,600. Total U. S.. 7.239.881. + Maine a part of Massachusetts until admitted in 1820. POPULATION PRIOR TO 1790 (according to Bancroft): 1688, 200,000; 1714, 434,600; 1727, 580,000; 1750, 1260,000, 1754, 1,425,000; 1760, 1,695,000; 1770, 2,312,000: 1780, 2,945,000 (2,383,000 white, 562,000 colored). Population of the United States. BY STATE CENSUSES TAKEN IN 1905. TEN States took enumerations of their population in the year 1905. The following were the totals (For details of several States see ALMANAC of 1906, pages 404 and 405). of each. PROPORTION OF SEXES IN THE UNITED STATES. (Extracts from Census Bulletin No. 14.) MORE MALES THAN FEMALES IN THE UNITED STATES. The whole population of continental United States was first counted with distinction of sex in 1820. During the seventy years from 1830 to 1900 the absolute excess of males was greater at each census than at any preceding census with one exception-that of 1870when the excess of males was less than in 1850 and 1860. This reduction of the excess of males between 1860 and 1870, by about 300,000, was doubtless due to the deaths in the Civil War and the diminished immigration during the decade. The greatest relative excess of males was in 1890, when in each 10,000 people there were 242 more males than females. By 1900 this excess had decreased to 216 in 10,000, less than the relative excess in 1890 and 1860, but greater than that at each other census. In continental United States there are 1,638,321 more males than females, or about two in each 100 people. Probably in the population of the world, as a whole, and certainly in that half of it which has been counted with distinction of sex, there are several millions more nales than females. In continental United States, however, the relative excess of males is greater than the average for all countries. Europe has an excess of females; every other continent, so far as known, has an excess of males. The divisions of continental United States with the smallest proportion of males are the District of Columbia (47.4 per cent.), Massachusetts (48.7 per cent.), and Rhode Island (49.1 per cent.); those with the largest are Wyoming (62.9 per cent.), and Montana (61.6 per cent. As a rule sparsely settled regions have an excess of males and densely settled regions an excess of females. CITIES HAVE MORE FEMALES THAN MALES. American cities as a rule have more females than males. In the 1,861 cities, each having in 1909 at least 2,500 inhabitants, there were 201,959 more females than males, and this notwithstanding the many western cities which contained more males than females, and the enormous number of foreign-born in the country, five-ninths of them male, and a large proportion of them living in the cities. This tendency of American cities to develop a population having a majority of females had increased since 1890, when, in the 1,490 cities, each having at least 2,500 inhabitants, there were 6,929 more males than females. While the excess of 6,929 males in American cities in 1890 became an excess of 210,959 females in American cities in 1900, the excess of 1,519,559 males in country districts in 1890 became an excess of 1,840,280 males in 1900. Or, expressing the facts in ratios, of each 1,000 inhabitants of such cities in 1890, 500 were males and in 1900, 497 were males; of each 1,000 inhabitants living outside these cities in 1890, 519 were males, and in 1900 520 were males. The difference thus in the number of males or of females between an average thousand of city and of country population in 1890 was 19, and in 1900, 23. WOMEN LIVE LONGER THAN MEN. Notwithstanding the great excess of males in the total population of the United States, there are two periods of life at which the reported number of females is greater. One, extending from about eighty-three years of age to the end of life, is probably due mainly to the longer average life of woman; the other, from sixteen to twenty-five, is probably apparent rather than real, and due mainly to the greater number of women who claim, erroneously, to belong to this age period. In 1900, among the 13,367,147 persons attending school, 499 in each 1,000 were male and 501 female; in 1890, in the same class, 510 per 1,000 were male and 490 female. INCREASING PROPORTION OF GIRLS AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN. In all races and in all parts of the country there has been a decided increase since 1890 in the proportion of females among persons- attending school. This increase is due mainly to the increase in the proportion of young women among persons at least fifteen years of age attending school, the increase at this age period being nearly five times as great as at any other, and more than three times as great as the average increase for all ages. DEATH RATE HIGHER FOR MALES THAN FEMALES. The death rate of males in the registration area of the United States in 1900 was 19.0 per 1,000, and that of females 16.6 per 1,000, the former having a death rate higher by about one-seventh than the latter. In the 346 registration cities the death rate of males was 20.0, and that of females 17.2 per 1,000, the male rate exceeding the female by onesixth. In the rest of the registration area the male death rate was 15.8 and that of females 15.0 per 1.000, the male rate exceeding the female by one-nineteenth, Vermont.. Virginia Washington West Virginia. Wisconsin.. Wyoming Total. Indiana.. Indian Territory Iowa... Kentucky..... Massachusetts Mississippi New Hampshire. New Jersey.. New York..... North Carolina.. North Dakota.. Texas............ 2,472,782 2,348,768 3,854,803 768,716 701,779 1,343,810 694.733 686,892 1,328,722| 589,275 598,769 1,094,110 932,490 818,904 1,246,076) 781,451 769,819 1,543,289 1,595.710 1,510,955 2,890,286 149,842 93,487 176,262 564,592 501,708 888.593 25,603 16,732 32,242 206,209 323,481 941,760 941,909 1,451,785 7,981 641,200 216,379 2,944,843 104,228 91,082 181,685 13,625 180,207 3,614,780 3,654,114 5,368,469 1,900,425 7,156 881 938,677 955,133 1,889,318 177,493 141,653 206,055 2,102,655 2,054,890 3,698,811 214 359 183,972 382,651 232,985 180,551 347,788 3,204,541 3,097,574 5,316,865 210,516 218,040 294,037 664,895 675,421 1,334,788 216 164 185,406 313,062 1,021,224 999,392 2,002,870 1,578,900 1,469,810 2,869,353 141,687 135,062 222,972 175,138 168,503 298,894 925,897 928,287 1,834,723 304,178 213,925 406,739 499,242 459,558 936,349 1,067,562 1,001,480 1,553,071 58,184 34,347 75,116 17,415 89,051 39,059,242 37,244,145 65,843,302 10.460,085 66 990,802 8,840,789 *Including all persons of negro descent. † Including Indians taxed and not taxed. TABLE SHOWING INCREASE IN SEX, NATIVITY, AND COLOR 1890 TO 1900. INCREASE. 966,747 4,734,873 85,078 1,503 80 16 142,121 2,458,502 243 52,500 382 541,653 2,398,563 9389 3 53 587 6,354 9,182 67,067 226,283 177,347 1,056,526 1,523 1,739 2,441 11,343 3 3,322 10,093 35,405 134 1,352 88.107 410,791 |