REIGNING FAMILIES-Continued. SERVIA. Peter I., King of Servia, born in Belgrade, 1846, son of Alexander Karageorgevic, Prince of Servia from 1842 to 1858. Was proclaimed King on the night of June 10-11, 1903, by the officers of the Servian Army after they had murdered King Alexander and Queen Draga, and was crowned in October, 1904. King Peter I. was married in 1883 to Princess Zorka of Montenegro, who died in 1890 He has two sons and a daughter, George, Alexander and Helen. King Peter is descended from Karageorge, a peasant, who was the leader of the insurrection against Turkey in 1804. He reigned as Prince of Servia from 1804 to 1813, when he was supplanted by the Obrenovic during a second insurrection. SWEDEN. Oscar II., King of Sweden, born January 21, 1829; son of Oscar I., and grandson of Marshal Bernadotte. He married, 1857, the Princess Sophia of Nassau, and has had four sons, the eldest of whom is the Crown Prince Gustavus, born 1858; married, 1881, to the Princess Victoria of Baden, and has three sons, born in 1882, 1884, and 1889, respectively. The eldest son of Prince Gustavus is Prince Gustavus Adolphus, who married in 1905 Princess Margaret of Connaught, and has a son, born 1906. The King's other sons are: Prince Oscar, born 1859, married to Lady Ebba Munck, one of his mother's maids of honor, and relinquished his rights to the throne; Prince Carl, born 1861, and married, 1897, Princess Ingeborg, second daughter of the King of Denmark, and Prince Eugene, born 1865. The King has a niece, Louise, married to the King of Denmark, The royal family comes from Napoleon's Marshal Bernadotte, a Frenchman, who was elected heirapparent to the crown of Sweden in 1810, and became King in 1818. WÜRTEMBERG. William II., King of Würtemberg, born February 25, 1848, succeeded his uncle, King Charles I., October 6, 1891. He married, 1877, Princess Marie of Waldeck, who died, leaving a daughter, Pauline, born 1877, and married, 1898, Prince Frederick of Wied. The King married, second, Princess Charlotte of Schaumburg-Lippe, by whom he has no children. As the King has no male descendants, the heir presumptive is his distant kinsman, Duke Nicholas of Würtemburg, born 1833. The King's mother, Princess Catherine, is living, and he has an aunt, Princess Augusta, married to Prince Herman of Saxe-Weimar, with issue of four sons and two daughters. He has a number of cousins, one of them being the late Duke of Teck, who was married to the English Princess Mary of Cambridge, who died in 1897. Or the Emperor Napoleon I. and his brothers Joseph and Louis, male issue is now extinct. The Emperor's brothers Lucien and Jerôme are represented by the following living descendants, and they constitute the present Imperialist house of France: Prince Victor Napoleon (of the house of Jerôme), born July 18, 1862, is the son of the late Prince Napoleon (who died March 18, 1891) and the Princess Clotilde, sister of the late King Humbert of Italy. The Prince has been recognized by his party as the undisputed head of the Bonaparte family. He lives in Brussels and is morganatically married, and has had three children. His only brother, Prince Louis Napoleon, born 1864, is a general in the Russian Army, and is unmarried. His sister, Princess Letitia, born 1866, is the widow of Prince Amadeus of Italy, her own uncle, by whom she had a son, Prince Humbert, born 1889. The late aunt of Prince Victor Napoleon, the Princess Mathilde, born 1820; married, 1840, Prince Demidoff of Russia; died in 1904 without children. Prince Charles Napoleon, brother of the late Cardinal Bonaparte, who died February 12, 1899, was the last representative of the eldest son of Napoleon's brother Lucien, in the male line. He was born 1839; was married and had two daughters-Marie, wife of Lieutenant Gotti, of the Italian Army, and Eugénie, unmarried. He had three sisters, married respectively to the Marquis of Roccagivoine, Count Primoli, and Prince Gabrelli, who have descendants. Prince Roland Bonaparte is the only living male cousin of Prince Charles Napoleon. He is a son of the late Prince Pierre Napoleon Bonaparte; was born 1858; married, 1880, the daughter of Blanc, one of the proprietors of the Monte Carlo gambling-hell. His wife died in 1882, leaving him' a daughter and a fortune. He has one sister, Jeanne, born 1861, and married to the Marquis de Villeneuve. Ex-Empress Eugénie, widow of Emperor Napoleon III., was a daughter of Count Cyprien de Montijo, a Spanish grandee, and was born May 5, 1826. She married 1853. Became a widow, 1873. Her only son, Prince Louis Napoleon, was killed in Zululand in 1879. BOURBON-ORLEANIST. Robert, Duke of Orleans, born 1869, succeeded his father, the late Count of Paris, in 1894, as the head of the royal family of France. He married, in 1896, the Archduchess Marie-Dorothea, daughter of the Archduke Joseph, cousin of the Emperor of Austria. His mother (still living) was the Spanish Infanta Louise of Montpensier, and he has one brother, the Duke of Montpensier, and four sisters, the eldest of the latter being the Princess Amelie, who is married to the King of Portugal, and the second, Helena, who is married to the Duke of Aosta, nephew of the late King Humbert of Italy, and the third, Isabel, married to the Duke of Guise, son of the Duke of Chartres. The only uncle of the Duke of Orleans is the Duke of Chartres, born 1840, and married to a daughter of the Prince of Joinville. The issue are two daughters and two sons, the eldest son being Prince Henry, born 1867 (died at Saigon, Cochin-China, in 1901); the second, the Duke of Guise; the eldest daughter, Princess Marie, being married to Prince Waldemar of Denmark, and the second daughter, Princess Marguerite, being married (in 1896) to Patrice MacMahon. Duke of Magenta. The grand uncles of the Duke of Orleans (who were the sons of King Louis Philippe) are all dead. They were the Prince of Joinville, born 1818, died 1900. married to a daughter of Pedro I. of Brazil, and had one daughter and one son, the Duke of Penthièvre, born 1845: Henry, Duke of Aumale, born 1822, died (childless) 1897; Anthony, Duke of Montpensier, born 1824, died 1890 (married, 1852, a sister of Queen Isabella of Spain, and had a daughter, the wife of the Count of Paris, and a son, Prince Anthony, born 1866, who married, 1888, his cousin, the Infanta Eulalie of Spain), and Louis, Duke of Nemours, born 1814, died 1896. He was the father of two daughters, the Princess Crartoryska, deceased, and Princess Blanche of Orleans, and two sons, the eldest being the Count of Eu, born 1842, married to a daughter of Pedro IT, of Brazil, and having three children, and the second the Duke of Alençon, born 1844, and married to a Bavarian princess (who was burned in the Paris bazaar fire in 1897), and having two children. By the death of the Count of Chambord, in 1883, the elder line of the Bourbons of France became extinct, and the right of succession merged in the Count of Paris, grandson of King Louis Philippe. representative of the younger, or Orleans line. Cession from the natives Estimates of area and present population are by Whitaker, and in some cases by the Statesman's Year- Book," except for British Africa and the late accessions there, which are corrected by Ravenstein's figures. The entire population of the empire, according to the estimates of the Statesman's Year-Book, is 396,968,798, and the total area, 11,286,344. The East Indian possessions extend over a territory larger than the continent of Europe without Russia; but the North American possessions are greater still, and, inclusive of Hudson's Bay and the great lakes, have a larger area than the whole of Europe. British Africa and Australasia are the next possessions in size. POPULATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM BY SUCCESSIVE CENSUSES. Total 24,028,584 26,730,929 27,390,629 28,927,485 31,484,661 34,884,848 *37,888,439 +41,605,177 *Including 147,870 inhabitants of islands in the United Kingdom. †Including 150,599 in islands. The British Royal Family. DECEMBER 1, 1906. EDWARD VII., "by the grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Donrinions Beyond the Seas, King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India," was born November 9, 1841, and succeeded his mother January 22, 1901. He was married to the Princess Alexandra of Denmark (born December 1, 1844), March 10, 1863. In the following table their children and grandchildren are enumerated: [Children in SMALL CAPS. Their children follow.] Born Died.[ NAME. 1. ALBERT VICTOR, DUKE OF CLARENCE. 1864, 1892 2. GEORGE FREDERICK, PRINCE OF Married. Date. 1865 1894 1895 1897 1900 1902 1905 sons, 1 daughter). 3. LOUISE VICTORIA, DUCHESS OF FIFE. 1867 Alexandra Victoria.. Maud Alexandra.... OTHER DESCENDANTS OF THE Charlotte. (Issue, 1 daughter). 1891 LATE QUEEN VICTORIA. * 1840 1901 Crown Prince of Prussia (succ. as Germany 1859 1860 1862 Sigismund. Victoria.. 1864 1866 Duke of Sparta, son of King of the Greeks. 1889 ..... Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse 1893 3. ALICE MAUD MARY, GRAND DUCHESS OF HESSE. 1843 1878 Elizabeth 1864 Grand Duke Sergius of Russia 1884 Prince Henry of Prussia 1888 Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse. Alice Victoria. (Issue, 1 son 4 dau.) 1872 GOTHA, DUKE OF EDINBURGH. 2 sons, 2 daughters).. Victoria Melita. (Issue, 1 son, 1 dau.) 1876] 3 daughters). Beatrice. 6. HELENA, PRINCESS CHRISTIAN. Ferdinand, Crown Prince of Roumania... 1893 Hereditary Prince of Hohenlohe-Lan- 1905 1896 Pr. Fred. Chris, of Schleswig-Holstein... 1866 Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. 1894 Emperor Nicholas II. of Russia...... 1894 Grand Duchess Marie, daughter of Alex- 1874 1878 1884 1846 1867 1900 1869 1870 1872 7. ARTHUR, DUKE OF CONNAUGHT, Margaret. (Issue, 1 son). Alice Mary. (Issue, 1 daughter). 1850 Princess Louise of Prussia 1879 9. BEATRICE MARY VICTORIA FEODORE, 1857 Alexander Albert. Prince Henry of Battenberg (died 1896). 1885 1886 Victoria Eugénie Julia Ena, Leopold Arthur Louis.. 1889 Maurice Victor Donald... 1891 First cousins of the late Queen Victoria in the paternal line were the Duke of Cambridge, born 1819, died 1904: Augusta, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, born 1822, and Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck, born 1822, died 1897. The Queen also had a large number of cousins through her mother, the Duchess of Kent. Whitaker's Peerage has a list of over 240 living blood relatives of the late Queen. [Children in SMALL CAPS. Their children follow.] Second marriage, her first husband was Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse, married 1894, from whom she was divorced. The children are by first husband, Marriage dissolved in 1900. Order of Succession to the British Throne. THR following is the order of succession to the British throne (January, 1907) to the last of the living descendants of George III. Failing all these the succession would fall to the other descendants of the preceding British kings going backward in reg ular order. Every future new birth among the descendants of Victoria and George III. in the line below takes its relative place therein. DESCENDANTS OF KING EDWARD VII. 1 Prince of Wales, son. 2 Prince Edward of Wales, grandson. 3 Prince Albert of Wales, grandson, 4 Prince Henry of Wales, grandson. 5 Prince George Edward of Wales, grandson. 6 Prince John of Wales, grandson. 7 Princess Victoria of Wales, granddaughter. 8 The Princess Royal, Duchess of Fife, daughter. 9 Princess Alexandra (Duff) granddaughter. 10 Princess Maud (Duff) granddaughter. 11 Princess Victoria of United Kingdom, daughter. 12 Queen of Norway, daughter. 13 Crown Prince of Norway, grandson. DESCENDANTS OF QUEEN VICTORIA. 14 Grand Duchess Cyril of Russia, granddaughter. 15 Hereditary Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, granddaughter. 16 Prince Gottfried of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, great grandson. 17 Princess Maria of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, great-granddaughter. 18 Princess Alexandra of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, great-granddaughter. 19 Princess Irma of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, great-granddaughter. 20 Princess Beatrice of Saxe-Coburg, granddaughter.; 21 The Duke of Connaught, son. 22 Prince Arthur of Connaught, grandson. 23 Princess Gustavus of Sweden, granddaughter. 24 Prince Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, great-grandson. 25 Princess Patricia of Connaught, granddaughter. 26 The Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, grandson. 27 Prince (Son of No. 26), great-grandson. 28 Princess Alice of Teck, granddaughter. 29 Princess May Helen of Teck, great-granddaughter.) 30 The German Emperer, grandson. 31 The Crown Prince of Germany, great-grandson. 33 Prince Eitel-Frederick of Prussia, great grandson. 34 Prince Adalbert of Prussia, great-grandson. 35 Prince Augustus of Prussia, great-grandson. 36 Prince Oscar of Prussia, great-grandson. 37 Prince Joachim of Prussia, great-grandson. 38 Princess Victoria of Prussia, great-granddaughter.) 39 Prince Henry of Prussia, grandson. 40 Prince Waldemar of Prussia, great-grandson. 41 Frince Sigismund of Prussia, great-grandson. 42 Hereditary Princess of Saxe-Meiningen, granddaughter. < 43 Princess Heinrich of Reuss, great-granddaughter. 44 Princess Adolphus of Schomburg-Lippe, granddaughter. 45 Crown Princess of Greece, granddaughter. 46 Prince George of Greece, great-grandson. 47 Prince Alexander of Greece, great grandson. 48 Prince Paul of Greece, great-grandson. 49 Princess Helena of Greece, great-granddaughter. 50 Princess Eirene of Greece, great-granddaughter. 51 Princess Frederick Charles of Hesse, granddaughter. 55 Prince Wolfgang of Hesse, great-grandson, 59 Prince (Son of No. 58); great-grandson." 63 Princess Andrew of Greece, great-granddaughter. 64 Princess Margaret of Greece, great-great-granddaughter. 67 Princess Henry of Prussia (Wife of No. 39), granddaughter. 69 The Tsarevitch, great-grandson. 70 The Grand Duchess Olga of Russia, great-granddaughter. 71 The Grand Duchess Tatiana of Russia,great-granddaughter. 72 The Grand Duchess Marie of Russia, great-granddaughter. 73 The Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia, great-granddaughter. 74 Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, daughter. 76 Princess Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, granddaughter. DESCENDANTS OF KING GEORGE III. 89 Princess Olga of Cumberland, great-great-granddaughter. 92 The Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, great-grandson. great-grandson. 94 Duke Charles of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, great-great-grand son. 95 Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Countess Jametel), great-great-granddaughter. 96 Son of No. 95, great-great-great-grandson. 97 Duchess August (Princess Militza of Montenegro), greatgreat-granddaughter. 98 The Duke of Teck, great-grandson. 99 Prince George of Teck, great-great-grandson. 100 Princess Victoria of Teck, great-great-granddaughter. 101 Princess Helena of Teck, great-great-granddaughter. 10% Prince Francis of Teck, great-grandson. 103 Prince Alexander of Teck (Husband of No. 28), greatgrandson. 104 Princess of Wales. PRECEDING SUCCESSION TO THE THRONE. In the year 1066, Harold, the last of the Saxon kings, being slain in battle, William the Conqueror, as he was afterwards called, seized the throne by right of conquest, and the succession passed from him to his second son, William, and then to his third son, Henry I. On the death of the latter a war ensued between his granddaughter Matilda and his nephew Stephen, which resulted in favor of the latter. On Stephen's death the crown reverted to Matilda's son, Henry II., who was succeeded by his second son, Richard I. He dying without children, Henry's fourth son, John, succeeded, who was followed by his son, Henry III. He in turn was followed by his eldest son, Edward I., who was in succession followed by his son and grandson, Edward II. and Edward III. The son of Edward II. dying in his father's lifetime, a grandson, Richard II., succeeded, and in his reign were sown the seeds of the Wars of the Roses, which were afterwards to bear such ill fruit. Richard II. was deposed by Henry IV., who was the eldest son of a younger brother of his father. Henry IV. was succeeded by his son, Henry V., and he by his son, Henry VI., who was deposed by Edward IV., who claimed the throne by right of descent from Lionel, third son of Edward III., and who was an elder brother of John of Gaunt, the father of Henry IV. Edward IV. was succeeded by his son, Edward V., who died an infant, and then by his brother, Richard III., who was slain in the battle of Bosworth Field, fought between him and Henry Tudor, great-great-grandson of John of Gaunt by his third wife, Katherine Swynford. Henry ascended the throne under the title of Henry VII., and married Elizabeth, the daughter of Edward IV., and thus united the two houses of York and Lancaster and put an end to the Wars of the Roses. Henry VII. was followed by his son, Henry VIII., who was succeeded in turn by his three children, Edward VI., Mary I., and Elizabeth, at whose death the crown fell to James VI. of Scotland, great-grandson of Margaret, eldest daughter of Henry VII. of England, who ascended the throne of England under the title of James I. On his death his third son ascended as Charles I, but he was beheaded in 1649 by Cromwell, who was made Protector until his death in 1660, when the eldest son of Charles came to the throne as Charles II. and he was followed by his brother, James II. The latter abdicated in 1688, and was succeeded by a nephew, who had married the eldest daughter of James, and the two reigned under their joint names as William III. and Mary II. On their death James II.'s second daughter, Aune, ascended, and she dying childless the crown fell to the Elector of Hanover, who was grandson of Elizabeth, daughter of James I. of England. This Prince, George I., was succeeded by his son, George II., who was succeeded by his grandson, George III. After a longer reign than any previous English mouarch, this king was succeeded by his eldest son, George IV., and by his third son, William IV., both of whom dying childless, the crown fell to Victoria, only child of Edward, fourth son of George III.,who ascended the throne in 1837, and she was succeeded on her death by her eldest son, the present sovereign, The Enter-Parliamentary Union CONFERENCE IN LONDON IN 1906. THE Fourteenth Conference of the Inter-Parliamentary Union was opened in the Palace of Westminster at London, on July 23, 1906, and lasted three days. Representatives from all the parliaments of Europe, from the United States Congress, and from those of several other American governments, were present, to the number of five hundred persons in all. Lord Weardale (Sir Philip Stanhope) presided. The United States delegation was headed by Representative Richard Bartholdt, of Missouri, and William J. Bryan occupied a seat on the platform. The president, Lord Weardale, in opening the conference alluded to the presence of the delegates from the Russian Douma, which had just been dissolved by Imperial decree, and gave them a warm welcome. Whereupon the entire body of delegates arose, and turning toward the Russians enthusiastically echoed the sentiment with prolonged cheering. Lord Weardale also incidentally mentioned President Roosevelt as having been associated with the Union in the work of peace. The British Premier, Sir Henry Campbell- Bannerman, in reply, reminded his hearers that King Edward had always been a strong advocate of peace. The British government, he said, was in entire sympathy with the object of the conference, whose work had already aroused among the nations an active feeling in favor of peace. The world, he added, had far too long been nothing less than a huge military camp. It The Premier especially greeted the members of the Russian parliament present, and also paid a tribute to Emperor Nicholas, who had done so much toward the enhancement of ideas of peace. could, he thought, be safely asserted that the Russian parliament, although dissolved, was sure to again come into existence. Then the Premier, in a sudden excess of enthusiasm, shouted: "La Douma est morte! Vive la Douma!" ("The Russian parliament is dead! Long live the Russian parliament!'') The delegates rose and cheered for some minutes. M. Kovalevsky, on behalf of the delegation from the Douma, arose and announced that the delegation must necessarily retire on account of the dissolution of that body. He said: We came here in behalf of the Russian nation to partake in the great work of the conference. The Russian people desire peace. The mission of the Russian parliament was to snatch a great people from a regime of violence, and substitute for it a sense of reality, liberty and justice. We hoped to take an active part in your work, but our mission comes to a sudden end, as, our parliament having been dissolved, we are no longer official representatives. Our sympathy remains. We return home with the determination to continue the great struggle for freedom, liberty, and justice." The Russians then withdrew amid the protests of many delegates from other countries. The conference discussed for some time the report of the commission on the American proposals for an International Congress and a model arbitration treaty to be submitted to the next conference at the Hague. Mr. Bartholdt advocated the transformation of the Hague Conference into a permanent body to meet at stated periods and to create a council for the codification and development of international law. Mr. Bartholdt said: "What we want is a world organization and a system of law, in order to replace arbitrary power in international relations." The former Austrian Minister of Commerce, Herr von Plener, presented the report of the Brussels commission, giving the proposed model treaty of arbitration. He said that while it was impossible to recommend the American proposal in is entirety some of the features were good, notably the means by which it proposes to decrease the cost of arbitration. He moved the adoption of the model treaty as amended by the commission, together with a recommendation urging the powers, when arbitration is impossible, to have recourse, singly or jointly, to the mediation of a third power before declaring war. At this juncture William J. Bryan offered the following resolution: If a disagreement should arise between the contracting parties, which is not one to be submitted to arbitration, they shall not resort to any act of hostility before separately or jointly inviting, as the cause may necessitate, the formation of an international commission of inquiry or mediation on the part of one or more friendly powers. This requisition will take place if necessary according to Article 8 of the Hague Convention for the peaceful settlement of international conflicts. Herr Von Plener's recommendation and Mr. Bryan's resolution were referred to the second day's session. The conference adopted the following proposals of the Brussels Commission: First-That it would be advantageous to give the Hague Conference a more permanent influence in the organized functions of dipl macy, and that the powers should agree in establishing periodical meetings of the conference. Se ond That in naming their representatives to the second Hague Conference the powers may usefully give them inst nctoys to ascertain the best means of constituting a consultative commission charged with the duty of preparing the codification and development of international law. On the second day Mr. Bryan supported his resolution with a strong speech which was much applauded, and the resolution was unanimously adopted. Herr Von Plener's recommendation was also accepted. On the third day the conference, after a prolonged debate, adopted the following statement of yiews: The Interparliamentary Union, now assembled in London, expresses the view that the second Hague Conference should: First By treaty define contraband of wa" as being restricted to arms, munitions of war and explosives. Second-Rea set and confirm the principle that neither a ship carrying contraband of war nor other goods aboard such ship not be ng contraband of war may be destroyed. Third--Affirm that even between belligerents private property should be as immune at sea as it is on land. The conference also adopted a resolution in favor of the discussion by the Hague Conference of means to cut down the "intolerable expenditure on armaments.". Another resolution provided that each national group shall apply to its own government to grant funds to aid future conferences of the Interparliamentary Union. The decision as to the time and place of the next conference was left in the hands of the International Council. It is expected that the meeting will be held in Berlin in 1908. The conference then ended its sessions. |