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American Learned Societies.

Actuarial Society of America.-President, Daniel H. Wells, Hartford, Ct.; First VicePresident, John K. Gore, Newark, N. J.; Second Vice-President, Archibald A. Welch, Hartford, C. Secretary, Arthur Hunter, 816 Broadway, New York City; Treasurer, David G. Alsop, Philadelphia, Pa.; Editor of the Transactions, Clayton C. Hall, Baltimore, Md. The Actuarial Society of America was organize1 in 1889 for the purpose of promoting actuarial science. Applicants whose nominations are approved by the Council are admitted to membership on passing the requisite exummations. There are two classes of members; fellows, now numbering 123, and associates, 78. Besides including the actuaries of life insurance companies and consulting acinaries of the United States and Canada, the membership embraces leading actuaries in Europe and Australasia.

American Academy of Medicine,-President, Dr. Casey A. Wood, Chicago, Ill. Secretary and Treasurer, Dr. Charles Mentire, Easton, Pa.; Editor of the "Bulletin," Charles McIntire, Easton, Pa. Object-To associate physicians who are also alumni of academic (or scientific) collegs; to encourage intending physicians to parse a regular course of study leading to a bachelor de gree before entering upon the study of medicine; to investigate and discuss the various problems of "medical sociology." Entrance fee, 85; dues, 83 per amuan, Present membership, 975. Organized 1876. Next an jual meeting at Atlantic City, N. J., June 1 and 3, 1907.

American Academy of Political and Social Science.-President, L. S. Rowe, Ph. D., University of Pennsylvania; Secretary, Carl Kelsey, Ph. D., University of Pennsylvania; Clerk, N. J. Smith-Fisher, West Philadelphia Station, Philadelphia. Founded in 1889 to promote the political and social sciences. Membership, 3,800, distributed among every State and 30 foreign countries. Annualfee, $5; fee for life members, $100. Annual meeting held in April.

American Antiquarian Society. -President, Edward Everett Hale, Roxbury, Mass. ; Corresponding Secretaries -Foreign, Franklin B. Dexter, New Haven, Ct.; Domestic, Charles Francis Adams, Lincoln, Mass.; Recording Secretary, Andrew M. F. Davis, Cambridge, Mass. Annual meeting is held at Worcester, Mass., in October. Organized 1812. Domestic membership restricted to 140. Adinission fee of United States members, 55; annual dues of New England members, $5. American Anti-Tuberculosis League.-President, Dr. Daniel Lewis, New York; Secretary, Dr. George Brown, Atlanta, Ga. Membership, 1,012.

America!! Asiatic Association. - President, Silas D. Webb; Vice-President, Lowell Lincoln; Secretary, John Foord, P. O. Box 1500, New York. The purposes of the society are to foster and safeguard the trade and commercial interests of the citizens of the United States and others associated therewith in the Empires of China, Japan, and Korea, the Philippines, and elsewhere in Asia and Oceanica. Membership, 300, Organized 1898. Annual dues, $10. Auxiliary societies at Shanghai and Yokohama.

American Association for the Advancement of Science.-President, William IT. Welch. John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.; Permanent Secretary, L. O. Howard, Cosmos Club, Washington, D. C.; General Secretary, John F. Hayford, Washington, D. C.; Secretary of the Coun cil, F. C. McNair, Houghton, Mich.; Treasurer, R. S. Woodward, Washington, D. C. The Associa tion was chartered in1874, being a continuation of the American Association of Geologists and Naturalists, organized in 1840. The membership is 4,000. Admission fee, 5; annual dues, $3. Next annual meeting, December 27, 1906-January 2, 1907, at New York, N. Y.

American Bar Association.-President, Alton B. Parker, New York; Secretary, John Hinkley, 215 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Md.; Treasurer, Frederick E. Wadhams, Albany, N. Y. Bach State and Territory is represented by one vice-president and one member of the General Council Membership, about 2,600. This Association of lawyers of the United States was organized in 1878. The next annua meeting will be held in August, 1907.

American Chemical Society.-President, W. F. Hillebrand, Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.; Secretary, William A. Noyes, Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. The Society was organized in 1876 for "the advancement of chemistry and the promotion of chemical research." Publishes the Journal of the American Chemical Society, monthly, and Chemical Abstracts, semi-monthly. Annual dues, $8. Total membership, 3, 600.

American Climatological Association.-President, Thomas Darlington, M. D., Health Department, New York City; Secretary, Gay Hinsdale, M. D., Hot Springs, Va. Organized 1884. Next annual meeting, May 7-8-9, 1907, at Washington, D. C.

American Dermatolog cal Association.-President, Arthur Van Harlingen, M. D., Phila delphia, Pa.; Secretary, Grover W. Wende, M. D., 471 Delaware Avenue, Bufalo, N. Y.

American Dialect Society.-President, O. F. Emerson, Western Reserve University, Cleve, land, Ohio; Secretary and Treasurer, W. E. Mead, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Ct. Organized in 1889 for the investigation of the spoken English of the United States and Canada, and incidentally of other non-aboriginal dialects in the same countries." Publishes "Dialect Notes at irregular intervals. Annual fee, $1. Membership, about 300. Any person may become

a member.

American Economic Association. -President, J. W. Jenks, Ph. D., Cornell University; Secretary, W. M. Daniels, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. Organized 1885. Has 1,000 members; annual dues, $3; life membership, $50; no other entrance fee. The objects of the Association are the encouragment of economic studies and the publication of papers thereon.

American Electro-Therapeutic Association.- President, Dr. Morris W. Brinkman, New York, N. Y.; First Vice-President, Dr. J. W. Gibson, Denver, Col.; Second Vice-President, Dr. M. M. Kassabien, Philadelphia, Pa.; Secretary, Dr. Albert C. Geyrer, 1239 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. Organized 1890. Membership, 280.

American Entomological Society.-President, Philip P. Calvert; Secretary, Henry Skinner, M.D., Philadelphia, Pa. Organized 1859. Object-The study of entomology. Membership, 140, American Fisheries Society.-President, E. A. Birge, Madison, Wis, Vice-President, II. M. Smith, Washington, D.C.; Recording Secretary, George F. Peabody, Appleton, Wis.; Treasurer, C. W. Willard, Westerly, R. I.; Corresponding Secretary, Charles G. Atkins, East Orland, Me. Organized December, 1870. Annual dues, $2. Membership, about 600.

American Folklore Society.-President, A. L. Kroeber, University of California, San Francisco, Cal; Permanent Secretary, W. W. Newell, Cambridge, Mass. Organized in 1888 for "study of folklore in general, and in particular the collection and publication of folklore of North America." Membership fee, including a copy of" The Journal of American Folklore" (quarterly), $3

per annum.

American Forestry Association.-President, James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.; Secretary, Thomas E. Will, Office, 1311 G Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. Organized 1882, Membership, 4,800.

AMERICAN LEARNED SOCIETIES-Continue 1.

American Geographical Society.-President, Commander R. E. Peary, C. E., U. S. N.; Vice-Presidents, W. H. H. Moore, D. O. Mills, C. C. Tiffany, D. D.; Corresponding SecretariesForeign, William Libbey: Domestic, Chandler Robbins; Recording Secretary, Anton A. Raven. Offices of the Society, 15 West Eighty-first Street, New York City. The objects of the Society are to encourage geographical exploration and discovery; to investigate and disseminate now geographical information; to establish in the chief maritime city of the country, for the benefit of commerce and navigation, a place where the means will be afforded of obtaining accurate information for public use of every part of the globe. Organized in 1852; membership, 1,400. Annual dues, $10; no entrance fee. American Gynecological Society.-President, Clement Cleveland. M, D., New York; Secretary, J. Riddle Goffe, M. D., 616 Madison Avenue, New York. Organized 1876. Membership

100.

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American Historical Association.-President, John Bach McMaster. LL. D.: Secretary, A. Howard Clark, Smithsonian Institution. Washington, D. C.; Treasurer, Clarence W. Bowen, Ph. D. Association founded 1884, incorporated by Congress 1889. Object-The promotion of historical studies. Entrance fee, $3; annual dues, $3. Membership, 2,300,

American Institute of Architects.-Offices and library, The Octagon, Washington, D. C. President, Frank Miles Day, Philadelphia, Pa.; Secretary and Treasurer, Glenn Brown, Washington, D. C. The Institute has 28 chapters, 332 fellows, 427 associates, 82 corresponding and 62 honorary members. Initiation fee is $5; yearly dues, fellows. $15; associates, $7.50. Organized 1862.

American Institute of Electrical Engineers.-President, Schuyler Skatts Wheeler; Secretary, Ralph W. Pope, at the executive offices, library, and reading-room, 95 Liberty Street, New York. Entrance fee, 85; annual dues, associates, $10; members, $15. Monthly meetings, New York. Organized 1884. Prints its transactions monthly. Membership, 3, 694.

American Institute of Homœopathy.-President, William E. Green, Little Rock; Secretary, Charles Gatchell, M. D., 100 State Street, Chicago, Ill. Organized in 1844, and is the oldest national medical organization in the United States. Has 2,100 members, representing every State in the Union, besides Canada.

American Institute of Mining Engineers.-President, Robert W. Hunt, Chicago, Ill.; Secretary, R. W. Raymond, 99 John Street, New York; Treasurer, Frank Lyman, New York. Membership, October 10, 1906, 4,300. Organized 1871. Incorporated 1905. Annual dues, $10. American Laryngological Association.-President, A. W. de Roaldes, M. D., New Or leans, La. Secretary, James E. Newcomb, M. D., 118 West Sixty-ninth Street, New York City. Organized 1878. Membership, 100.

American Mathematical Society.-President, Heury S. White; Secretary, F. N. Cole, Columbia University, New York; Treasurer, W. S. Dennett; Librarian, D. E. Smith. Meetings held at Columbia University, New York. Society was reorganized as the American Mathematical Society, July, 1894. Object-To encourage and maintain an active interest in and to promote the advancement of mathematical science. Admission fee, $5; annual dues, $5; life membership, $50. Membership, 550. The Society publishes two journals, the "Bulletin" and the "Transactions." American Medical Association.-President, W. J. Mayo, Rochester, Minn.; SecretaryEditor, Dr. George H. Simmons, 103 Dearborn Avenue, Chicago, Ill. Incorporated 1897. Next an nual session at Atlantic City, N. J.. June 4-7, 1907. Annual fee, $5. Membership, over 26,000, American Medico-Psychological Association. - President, Dr. Charles G. Hill, Baltimore, Md.; Secretary, Dr. Charles W. Peigrun, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Next annual meeting at Washington, D. C., in May, 1907.

American Microscopical Society.-President, Marshall D. Ewell, Chicago, Ill.; Secretary, Robert H. Wolcott (to whom all subsequent communications should be addressed), Lincoln, Neb.; Treasurer, J. C. Smith, New Orleans, La.; Custodian, Magnus Pflaum, Pittsburgh, Pa. Organized 1878. Incorporated a Washington, D. C., 1891. Object -The encouragement of microscopical research. Initiation fee, $3; annual dues, 82. Membership, 300. Research funds, $2,300.

American Neurological Association.-President, Hugh T. Patrick, M. D., Chicago, Ill.; Secretary, G. M. Hammond, M. D., 60 West Fifty-fifth Street, New York City,

American Numismatic and Archæological Society, Audubon Park, 156th Street, West of Broadway, New York. -President, Archer M. Huntington; Recording Secretary, Bauman L. Belden; Corresponding Secretary, Henry Russell Drowne, Society founded in 1858 for the promotion of numismatics and archeology in the United States; possesses coin and medal collection and library. Total membership, 350.

American Ophthalmological Society.-President, C. J. Kipp, Newark, N. J.; Secretary, S. B. St. John, M. D., 68 Pratt Street, Hartford, Ct. Membership. 175.

American Oriental Society.-- President, Prof. Crawford H. Toy, Harvard University; Corresponding Secretary, E. Washburn Hopkins, Yale University, 299 Lawrence Street, New Haven, C.; Recording Secretary, George F. Moore, Organized September 7, 1842, for the cultivation of learning in the Asiatic, African, and Polynesian languages, and the publication of works relating to these languages. Publishes an annual Journal. Annual fee, $5; fee for membership in section for Historical Study of Religions, $2; no admission fee. Membership, 344.

American Ornithologists' Union.-President, Charles F. Batchelder; Secretary, John H. Sage, Portland, Ct. Organized 1883. Object-The advancement of its members in ornithological science, the publication of a journal of ornithology and other works relating to that science, etc. Annual dues, fellows, 85; members, 81: associates, $3. Membership, 860.

American Orthopaedic Association.-President, Joel E. Goldthwall, M. D.. 372 Marlborough Street, Boston, Mass.; Secretary, Robert B. Osgood, M. D., 372 Marlborough Street, Boston, Mass.

American Osteopathic Society.-President. S. II. Ellis, 144 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Mass. Secretary, Dr. II. L. Chiles, Auburn, N. Y. Founded 1897. Annual fee, $5. Membership, 2,000. American Pediatric Society.--President, B. K Rachford, M. D., Cincinnati; Secretary, Samuel S. Adams, M. D., 1 Dupont Circle, Washington, D. C. Next annual meeting at Washington, D. C., May, 1907.

American Philological Association.-President, Prof. Elmer T. Merrill, of Trinity College, Hartford; Vice-Presidents, Prof. Edward D. Perry, of Columbia University, and Prof. Francis W. Kelsey, of the University of Michigan; Secretary and Treasurer, Prof. Frank G. Moore, of Dartmouth College. Initiation fee, 85; annual dues, $3. Total membership, about 575. The Associa tion was organized in 1869. Its object is "the advancement and diffusion of philological knowledge." American Philosophical Society.-President, Edgar F. Smith; Vice-Presidents, George F.

AMERICAN LEARNED SOCIETIES-Continued.

Barker, William B. Scott, Simon Newcomb; Secretaries, I. Minis Hays, Edwin G. Conklin, Arthur W. Goodspeed, and Morris Jastrow, Jr. Office of Society, 104 South Fifth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Object-For promoting useful knowledge. Founded in 1743.

American Physical Society.-President, Carl Barus, Brown University, Providence, R. I.; Secretary, Ernest Merritt, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. American Psychological Association.-President, James Rowland Angell, University of Chicago; Secretary and Treasurer, Prof. William Harper Davis, Lehigh University, Pennsylvania. Organized in 1892 for "the advancement of psychology as a science." Membership, 175. Annual dues, $1; no entrance fee.

American Public Health Association.-President, Prof. Franklin C. Robinson, Brunswick, Me.; First Vice-President, Dr. John J. Kinyoun, Glenolden, Pa.; Second Vice-President, Dr. Domingo Orvananos, Mexico City, Mex.; Third Vice-President, Dr. Richard H. Lewis, Raleigh, N. C.; Secretary, Dr. Charles O. Probst, Columbus, Ohio. Organized 1872.

American Social Science Association.-President, John H. Finley, LL.D., College of City of New York; Treasurer, W. C. Le Gendre, 59 Wall Street, New York City; General Secre tary, Isaac F. Russell, LL. D., 120 Broadway, New York. Annual fee, $5. The Association was founded in 1865. Incorporated by act of Congress, 1899. Membership, 1,000.

American Society of Curio Collectors.-President, Roy F. Greene, Arkansas City, Kan. ; Secretary, F. May Tuttle, Osage, Iowa. A national society for naturalists, geologists, mineralogists, archæologists, numismatists, and antiquarians. Membership, (00.

American Society of Civil Engineers.-President, C. C. Schneider Secretary, Charles Warren Hunt; Treasurer, Joseph M. Knap. Regular meetings first and third Wednesdays of each month (except July and August) at 8.30 P. M. at the Society's house, 220 West Fifty-seventh Street, New York City. Has 3,900 members. Instituted in 1852.

American Society of Mechanical Engineers.-President, Fred W. Taylor, Philadelphia, Pa.; Secretary, Prof. F. R. Hutton, 12 West Thirty-first Street, New York City. Society House, 12 West Thirty-first Street, New York City. Total membership, all grades, 2, 839. Two annual meetings, in Spring and Autumn, the latter in New York City in December. Initiation fee, members and associates, $25; juniors, $15. Annual dues, members and associates, $15; juniors, $10. The Society was chartered in 1881. Membership is not limited in number.

American Society of Naturalists.-President, William James, Harvard University; VicePresidents, J. P. McMurrich, University of Michigan; C. B. Davenport, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, N. Y.; Secretary, W. E. Castle, Harvard University; Treasurer, H. Von Schrenk, Missouri Botanic Garden, St. Louis. Mo. Organized 1883. Annual dues, $1. Membership, 228.

American Statistical Association.- President, Carroll D. Wright, Washington, D. C.; Vice-Presidents, Horace G. Wadlin, Henry C. Adams, Walter F. Willcox, Henry Gannett, S. N. D. North; Secretary, Davis R. Dewey, 491 Boylston Street, Boston, Mass.; Treasurer, S. B. Pearmain. Membership, 342. Annual dues, $2. Association organized 1839.

American Surgical Association.-President. Dudley P. Allen, M. D., 260 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio; Secretary, Robert G. Le Conte, 1530 Locust Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Number of members. 125.

American Therapeutic Society.-President, Dr. Carl Beck, New York City; Secretary, Dr. Noble P. Barnes, Washington, D. C. Organized May 1, 1900.

American Urological Association.-President, Dr. Ferd. C. Valentine, 171 West Seventyfirst Street, New York City; Secretary, Dr. Hugh Cabot, Marlborough Street, Boston.

Archæological Institute of America (New York Society). -President, Prof. E. D. Perry, Columbia University; Secretary, Prof. Nelson G. McCrea, Columbia University. Organized 1879. Has 212 members. No entrance fee. Annual dues, $10.

Arctic Club. President, Prof. W. H. Brewer, Yale University; Secretary, Frederick A. Cook, 670 Bushwick Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. Organized 1894. Membership, 200.

Association of American Anatomists.-President, Prof. Charles S. Minot, Boston, Mass. ; Secretary, G. C. Huber, M. D., Ann Arbor, Mich. Has 175 members. Annual dues, $5.

Association of American Physicians.-President, Francis P. Kinnicutt, 39 East 35th Street, New York; Secretary, Henry Hun, M. D., 149 Washington Avenue, Albany, N. Y. Organized 1886. Membership limited to 135.

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Astronomical and Astrophysical Society of America.-President, Simon Newcomb, Washington, D. C.; Secretary, G. C. Comstock, Madison, Wis. Organized 1898. Membership, 175. Botanical Society of America.-President, Prof. R. A. Harper, Madison, Wis. ; Secretary, Dr. D. T. MacDougal, Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, New York City. Has 39 miembers, 17 associates. Founded 1893. Entrance fee, $25; annual dues, $10, for members. Entrance fee, $5; annual dues, $5, for associates.

Geological Society of America.-President, Raphael Pumpelly, Newport, R. I.; Secretary, H. L. Fairchild, University of Rochester; Treasurer, I. C. White: Editor, J. Stanley-Brown. Society founded in 1888. Has 271 fellows. Entrance fee, $10; annual dues, $10.

Medico-Legal Society.-President, Clark Bell, 39 Broadway, New York City; Secretary, J. R. Abarbanell, 24 Vanderwater Street, New York City. There are vice-presidents for each of the States and Territories and the principal foreign countries.

National Academy of Sciences.-President, Alexander Agassiz, Cambridge, Mass.; VicePresident, Ira Remsen, Baltimore, Md.; Foreign Secretary, Simon Newcomb, Washington, D. C.; Home Secretary, Arnold Hague, Washington, D. C.; Treasurer, Samuel F. Emmons, Washington, D. C. The Academy, incorporated by act of Congress March 3, 1863, "shall, whenever called upon by any department of the Government, investigate, examine, experiment, and report upon any subject of science or art; the actual expense to be paid from appropriations which may be made for

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the purpose." The Academy holds a stated session each year in the City of Washington on the third Tuesday in April. An Autumn meeting is held at such place and time as the Council shall determine. There are at present 96 members and 43 foreign associates.

National Geographic Society.-President, Willis L. Moore; Vice-President, Henry Gannett; Secretary, O. P. Austin: Editor, Gilbert H. Grosvenor. Headquarters at Washington, D. C. Its purpose is the increase and diffusion of geographic knowledge." It publishes a monthly magazine. Organized 1888. Annual dues for members. 42. There are 18,000 members.

New York Zoological Society.-President, Levi P. Morton; Secretary, Madison Grant, 11 Wall Street, New York City; Treasurer, Perey R. Pyne, 52 Wall Street, William T. Hornaday, Director of the New York Zoological Park; Charles H. Townsend, Director of the Aquarium. Annual dues, $10; life membership, $200. The Zoological Park and the New York Aquarium are under the management of the Society.

AMERICAN LEARNED SOCIETIES-Continued.

Scientific Alliance of New York.-President, C. F. Cox; Treasurer, E. G. Love; Secretary, N. L. Britton, New York Botanical Garden, New York City. Organized 1891. The Council of the Scientific Alliance is composed of three delegates from each of seven scientific societies. Object-To promote co-operation among the constituent societies, the cultivation of popular interest, and particularly to procure a building in which all the societies shall be conveniently housed, and which shall become the scientific centre to the city.

Society for the Promotion of Agricultural Science.-President, Dr. H. P. Armsby, State College, Pa.; Secretary, Prof. F. Win. Rane, State House, Boston, Mass. Organized 1882. Membership, 80.

Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education.-President, Dugald C. Jackson, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.; Vice-Presidents, R. C. Carpenter, Cornell University, Ith ca, N. Y.; Charles S. Howe, Case School of Applied Science, Cleveland, Ohio. Secretary, Wm. T. Magruder, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Treasurer, Anson Marston, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. Four hundred and nine members (1906), from 74 engineering colleges, 7 manual training schools, 31 corporations not engaged in teaching. Founded in the Engineering Education Section of World's Engineering Congress, 1893, Chicago. Annual fee, $3.

Society of Chemical Industry (New York Section). -Chairman, George C. Stone, Chemists' Club, New York City; Local Secretary, H. Schweitzer, 128 Duane Street. Nw York City. Member, ship, 1,517. The Society is international, while the New York branch is its American representative. The officers of the general society are: President, Eustace Corey, Liverpool, England; Secretary, Charles G. Cresswell, 9 Bridge Street, Westminster, London, S. W.

Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers.-President, Francis T. Bowles; Secretary-Treasurer, William J. Baxter, 12 West Thirty-first Street, New York City. Object-The promotion of the art of shipbuilding, commercial and naval. Headquarters, 12 West Thirty-first Street, New York City. Membership fee for members and associates, $10; annual dues, $10. Juniors, membership fee, $5; annual dues, $5. Has 885 members, associates and juniors.

The Forty Emmortals of the French Academy.*

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Born.

Marseilles, 1825.
Paris, 1826..
Nimes, 1823.
Paris, 1831.
Paris, 1839..
Paris, 1842.
Paris, 1834.
Gurey, 1843.
Limoges, 1840.
Nice, 1848.
Foix, 1828
Rochefort, 1850.
Nouvien, 1842.
Paris, 1837.

Toulon, 1849..

Amiens, 1852.
Paris, 1858.
Orleans, 1853...
Paris, 1844.
Nyotte. Savoy, 1839.
Marly-le-Roi, 1833..
Paris, 1861.
Lumigny, 1841
Beaurevoir, 1853.
Montbard. 1822.
Orleans, 1859.
Brussels, 1856.
Neuilly, 1857.
La Roche, 1847.
Paris, 1827.
Paris, 1829.
Marseilles, 1868.
Paris, 1847.
Angeres, 1863..
Cize, 1857..
St. Omer, 1842.
Charmes, 1862

1839..

Predecessor.

De Lamartine.
St. Marc-Girardin.
Patin.

Autran.

Duvergierde Hauranne
De Laprade.

Comte d' Haussonville.
Caro.

Cuvillier-Fleury.

Désiré Nisard.
Emile Augier.
Octave Feuillet.
Jurien de la Gravière.
Rousset.
Lemoinne.

Maxime Du Camp.
Leconte de Lisle.
Jean Victor Duruy.
Comte de Lesseps.
Camille C. Doucet.
Alexandre Dumas.
Léon Say.
Jules Simon.
Challemel-Lacour.
Duc d'Aumale.
Henri Meilhac.
Hervé.
Pailleron.
Cherbuliez.
Bertrand.

Duc de Broglie.
Bornier.

Gaston Paris.
Legouve.

Gerard.

D'Andiffret Pasquier.
De Hérédia.
Perraud.

Rousse.
Sorel.

The French Academy is one of five academies, and the most eminent, constituting the Institute of France. It was founded in 1635 by the Cardinal Richelieu, and reorganized in 1816. It is composed of 10 members, elected for life, after personal application and the submission of their nomination to the head of the State. It meets twice weekly, at the Palace Mazarin, 23 Quai Conti, Paris, and is **the highest anthority on everything appertaining to the niceties of the French language, to grammar, rhetoric, and poetry, and the publication of the French classics.'' The chief officer is the secretary, who has a life tenure of his position. The present permanent secretary is Marie L. A. G. Boissier, who was elected an Academician in 1876. A chair in the Academy is the highest ambition of most literary Frenchmen.

The other academies of the Institute of France are: The Academy of Inscriptions and BellesLettres, with 40 members; Academy of Sciences, with 68 members: Academy of Fine Arts, with 40 members (as follows: Painting, 14; sculpture, 8; architecture. 8: engraving. 4; musical composition, 6), and Academy of Moral and Political Science, with 40 members. All members are elected for life.

Literature in 1906.

NOTABLE BOOKS OF THE YEAR.

DISASTERS at home and abroad unparalleled in recent times made 1906 an unforgettable year. Overshadowing all others was the San Francisco earthquake, with its appalling loss of money and life. Earthquake also in Chile; volcanic destruction at Naples; cyclones in China seas and latterly in our own Southern waters-all these have set the scientists thinking. Meanwhile, Russia was groping its way to political freedom with many mistakes and setbacks; France was dealing with the problem of disestablishment; Norway became a separate monarchy; Spain's boy king was married to an English princess; English polities became vitalized by the introduction of a large labor vote; and the United States had again to set Cuba s house in order. At home we continued to unmask corporation methods, and tried to free ourselves from political bosses. Municipal ownership became a rallying cry of the New York State election. Direct evidences of these happenings may be discerned in the year's literature. Continued prosperity accompanied the publishing trade, with an average output of over 8,000 books.

FICTION.

As estimated by the bookseller, the successful novels of the year were: "The Jungle," by Upton Sinclair (exposing Chicago packing-house conditions and advancing socialism as the remedy for all social ills, which aroused President Roosevelt and led to far-reaching investigation); "Lady Baltimore," by Owen Wister (picturing present-day Charleston, unreconstructed, aristocratic and charming); "The House of a Thousand Candles," by Meredith Nicholson, published late in 1905 (detective story); "The Spoilers," by Rex E. Beach (strong portrayal of elemental passions in an Alaska mining town); "Fenwick's Career," by Mrs. Humphry Ward (study of the artistic temperament based on the incidents of the English artist Romney's career); "Coniston," by Winston Churchill (evolution of the political "boss," emphasizing the difference between his private and his public character, for which the author was almost nominated Governor of New Hampshire); "The Awakening of Helena Richie," by Mrs. Margaret Deland (awakening of a woman's soul through realization of the havoc wrought by her selfishness; another Old Chester" tale); "The Wheel of Life," by Ellen Glasgow (depicting society in old-fashioned New York, interest centering in several mismated couples); "Pam Decides," by Baroness Von Hutton (further development of a wayward, highly-wrought girl of good impulses); and "The Fighting Chance," by Robert W. Chambers (portraying the follies of New York's idle rich). Special excellence was discerned in W. B. Maxwell's "The Guarded Flame" (study of the brain of a great philosopher under the strain of a home tragedy), George Moore's "The Lake" (an erring Irish priest), Maartens' "The Healers" (cleverly satirizing the pretensions of modern medical experts), Eden Phillpotts' "The Portreeve" (a Devonshire tragedy, highly realistic), W. F. DeMorgan's "Joseph Vance" (autobiography of a middle-class Englishman of fifty years ago), Robert Hichens' "The Call of the Blood" (laid in Sicily, depicting the awakening in an Englishman of inherited characteristics), and Jack London's "White Fang" (evolution of a wolt-dog from savagery to domestication). Important also were the translations of three books that had aroused much discussion when published abroad, viz, Sudermann's "The Undying Past," Frenssen's "Holyland" (German peasant life and religious doubts), and Fogazzaro's "The Saint" (third of a series of novels by a Catholic protesting against alleged Catholic narrowness and intolerance). Works of well-known novelists included Corelli's "The Treasure of Heaven," Crawford's "A Lady of Rome," Crockett's "Fishers of Men" and "The White Plume," Doyle's "Sir Nigel," Anthony Hope's "Sophy of Kravonia," Weyman's "Chippinge Borough," John Oliver Hobbes' "The Dream and the Business," Kipling's "Puck of Pook's Hill" (fairy stories for adults), Quiller-Couch's "Sir John Constantine," Castle's "If Youth but Knew," and McCutcheon's "Jane Cable,'

American life, its business and politics, figured in the year's fiction. "The Wire Tappers," by Arthur Stringer; "Richard Elliott, Financier," by Charles Carling; "Between Two Masters,' by Gamaliel Bradford, Jr.; and Melvor's "The Mechanic" deal with modern commercial metho ls. William Sage's "The District Attorney" shows the seamy side of city politics; while national politics is the background of Mary Dillon's "The Leader," recognized as an idealized portrait of William J. Bryan. The negro is the subject of "In the Shadow," by H. C. Rowland, and The Stigma," by E. Selkirk; Russians in America, that of Cheney's "The Challenge;' the American Indian of Remington's The Way of an Indian," and Cornell Hughes' "Kenelm's Desire." The Bishop of Cottontown," by J. T. Moore, tells of conditions in a Tennessee cotton mill. Among many novels picturing the West of yesterday and to-day, its mining camps, cattle ranches, railroad projects and early romance, are Geraldine Bonner's "Rich Men's Children," A. H. Lewis' "The Throwback," Mrs. Dye's McDonald of Oregon, Parrish's "Bob Hampton of Placer," A. B. Ward's "The Sage Brush Parson," C. M. Bowers' "Chip of the Flying U," Andy Adams' "Cattle Brands," Spearman's "Whispering Smith," Bindloss' "The Cattle Baron's Daughter," Mrs. Ryan's "For the Soul of Rafael," and Mighels' "Dunny." College life is the background of "The Mayor, of Warwick," by H. M. Hopkins, an "The Tower," by Mary T. Wright.

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Relations between the rich and poor were discussed in Whiteing's "Ring in the New" (London working girl's life) and Guy Thorne's "Made in His Image" (ghastly prediction concerning London's army of the unemployed). H. G. Wells' "In the Days of the Comet" and D. M. Parry's "The Scarlet Empire" are ingenious prophecies of the future colored by socialism; Van Tassel Sutphen's "The Doomsman" pictures New York in the year 2015; and Vaux's "The Shock of Battle" portrays naval warfare of the future. Society life, its diversions, temptatious and struggles, enters into Elinor Glyn's "Beyond the Rocks," Mary I. Taylor's "The Impersonator,' "Frances A. Mathews' "The Undefiled," and E. B. Frothingham's "The Evasion." Self-sacrifice is the motive of Mary Cholmondeley's "Prisoners," Mrs. Phelps' "The Man in the Case," Hopkinson Smith's "The Tides of Barnegat," and Mary E. Wilkins' "By the Light of the Soul." Snaith's "Henry Northcote" is a legal romance. Foreign settings were chosen for G. B. Lancaster's "The Spur" (New Zealand sheep raising); Mrs. Cotes' "Set in Authority" (India); E. R. Williams, Jr.'s, "Ridolfo" (Middle Age Italy); James Hopper's "Caybigan" (Philippine tales); "Gray Mist," anonymous, and Vachell's "The Face of Clay" (Brittany); Sidney McCall's "The Dragon Painter" and J. L. Long's "The Way of the Gods" (Japan). Among historical novels may be mentioned Brady's "The Patriots," Weir Mitchell's "A Diplomatic Adventure," Anna C. Ray's "Hearts and Creeds," Mary C. Crowley's "In Treaty with Honor, and Elizabeth Ellis' Barbara Winslow." Aaron Burr is the central figure in Mrs. Tupper's "Hearts Triumphant" and the Washington family in Mrs. Fraser's "In the Shadow of the Lord,"

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