STATISTICS OF PRINCIPAL FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS-Continued.

F. F. Roose; Vice-President, John L. Handley: Secretary, Samuel S. Baty; Treasurer, Willis M. Marshall. All in Denver, Col.

Free Sous of Israel, Independent Order of.-Founded 1819; grand lodges, 3; subordinate lodges, 103; members, 10,862; benefits disbursed since organization (endowment), $4,795,000; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $217,084; Grand Master, M. S. Stern, 2013 Fifth Avenue, New York City; Secretary, Abraham Hofer, 1161 Madison Avenue, New York City; Treasurer, Louis Frankenthaler, New York City.

Golden Cross, United Order of.-Founded 1876; grand commanderies, 10; subordinate commanderies, 520; members, 18,392; benefits disbursed since organization, $8,694.591; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $395,250; Supreme Commander, J. P. Burlingame, Providence, R. I.; Supreme Keeper of Records, W. R. Cooper, Knoxville, Tenn. : Supreme Treasurer, J. N. Ehle, Washington, D. C.

Good Fellows, Royal Society of.-Founded 1882; subordinate assemblies, 175; members, 4,529; benefits disbursed since organization, $5,384,668; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $226,909; Premier, Thomas L. Ferris, Boston; Secretary, A. J. Bates, Boston; Treasurer, James G. Whitehouse, Providence, R. I. (Report of Jan. 1, 1906.)

Heptasophs, Improved Order, -Founded 1878; conclaves, 790; members, 70,439; benefits disbursed since organization, $11,416,701; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $1,215,675; Supreme Archon, M. G. Cohen, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Supreme Provost, Thos. B. Hicks, Richmond, Va.; Supremie Secretary, Samuel I. Tattersall, Baltimore, Md.; Supreme Treasurer, C. II. Ramsay, Boston.

Hibernians of America, Ancient Order of.-Founded 1836; State and county bodies, 750; divisions, 2,250; members, 210,000; benefits disbursed since organization, $10,780,000; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $539,677; National President, Matthew Cummings, Boston, Mass.; National Vice-President, James J. Regan, St. Paul, Minn; National Secretary, James T. Carroll, Columbus, O.; National Treasurer, John F. Quinn, Joliet, Ill,

Home Circle.--Merged with the United Order of the Golden Cross.

Irish Catholic Benevolent Union.-Founded 1869; subordinate societies, 147; members, 14,145; benefits disbursed since organization, $2,316,006; benefits disbursed last two fiscal years, $31,258; President, Daniel Duffy, Pottsville, Pa.; First Vice-President, T. J. Gilhool, Carbondale, Pa.; Treasurer, J. J. Barrett, Providence, R. I.; Secretary, Frank P. McCue, Philadelphia.

Knights and Ladies of Honor.--Founded 1877; grand lodges, 15; sub-lodges, 1,400; members, 92,000; benefits disbursed since organization, $24,000,000; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $1,865,224; Supreme Protector, L. B. Lockard, Indianapolis, Ind.; Secretary, George D. Tait, Indianapolis, Ind.; Treasurer, George A. Byrd, Indianapolis, Ind.

Knights of Columbus.-Founded 1882; National conneil, 1: subordinate councils, 1.118; members, 166, 494; benefits disbursed since organization, $2,774,500; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $231,000; Supreme Knight, Edward L. Hearn, New Haven, C.; Deputy Supreme Knight, Jam's A. Fl herty, Philadelphia, Pa.; National Secretary, Daniel Colwell, New Haven, Ct.; National Treasurer. P. J. Brady, Cleveland, O.

Knights of Honor.-Founded 1873; grand lodges, 36; subordinate lodges, 1,672; members, 40,126; benefits disbursed since organization, $86.692,268; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $2,741,885; Supreme Dictator, J. C. Sheppard, Edgefield, S. C.; Supreme Reporter, Noah M. Givan, St. Louis, Mo.; Supreme Treasurer, Frank B. Sliger, St. Louis, Mo.

Knights of Malta, Ancient and Illustrious Order. -Founded in Jerusalem, 1048; in America, 1889; grand commanderies, 5; sub-commanderies, 250; members, 27,000; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $90,453; Supreme Commander, A. T. Hamilton, Lewistown, Pa.; Supreme Recorder, Frank Gray, Philadelphia, Pa.; Supreme Treasurer, W. J. Rugh, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Knights of St. John and Malta. -Founded 1883; grand encampment, 1; subordinate encampments, 64; members, 3,312; benefits disbursed since organization, $663,088; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $50,810; Grand Commander, John P. Ogden, New York; Grand Chancellor, Francis Houghtaling, New York; Grand Almoner, Arthur H. Titus, New York. (Report of January 1, 1995.) Knights of the Golden Eagle.-Founded 1873; grand castles, 15; sub-castles, 819; members, 70.431; benefits disbursed since organization, $3,500,000; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $247.041; Supreme Chief, John D. Harger, Detroit, Mich.; Master of Records, A. C. Lyttle, Philadelphia, Pa.; Keeper of the Exchequer, William Culbertson, Philadelphia, Pa.

Knights of the Maccabees.-Founded 1878; great camps, 8; subordinate tents and hives 5,010; members, 325,000 benefits disbursed since organization, $24,121,131; benefits disbursed from Jan. 1. 1905, to Oct. 1, 1905, $2,591,854; Supreme Commander, D. P. Markey; Supreme Record Kooper, L. E. Sisler. Offices are located at Port Huron, Mich. (Report of Jan. 1, 1906.) Knights of the Modern Maccabees (original order).-Founded in 1881; subordinate tents, 1,350, members, 125,000; total benefits paid, 89.978,051; benefits disbursed last fiscal year. #1, 132,572; Great Commander, N. S. Boynton, Port Huron, Mich.; Great Lieutenant-Commander, Chas. H. Thomas, Hastings, Mich.; Great Record Keeper, A. M. Slay, Port Huron, Mich.; Great Finance Keeper, Robert J. Whaley, Flint, Mich, (Report of Jan. 1, 1906.)

Ladies' Catholic Benevolent Association.-Founded 1890; subordinate branches, 990; members, 95,500; benefits disbursed since organization, $4,643,725, benefits disbursed last fiscal year, 8649, 266; Supreme President, Mrs. E. B. McGowan, Buffalo, N. Y.; Supreme Recorder, Mrs. J. A. Royer, Erie, Pa.; Supreme Treasurer, Mrs. Felice M. Girardot, Detroit, Mich.

Ladies of the Maccabees of the World.-Founded 1892; great hives, 3; subordinate hives, 2,721; members, 145, 293; benefits disbursed since organization, $4,843, 444; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $703, 885; Supreme Commander, Lillian M. Hollister, Detroit, Mich.; Record Keeper, Bina M. West, Port Huron, Mich.; Finance Keeper, Nellie C. V. Heppert, Akron, Ohio.

Loyal Americans of the Republic.-Founded 1896; subordinate assemblies, 681; members, 21,255; benefits disbursed since organization, $1,449,315; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $217, 745; Supreme President, E. J. Dunn, Springfield, III.; Vice-President, Jesse M. Ott, Petersburg, Ill., Secretary, H. D. Cowan, Springfield, Ill.; Treasurer, Á. F. Deicken, Springfield, Ill.

Mystic Circle, The Fraternal.-Founded 1884; grand rulings, 10; subordinate rulings, 378; members, 14,593; benefits disbursed since organization, $2,892,761; benefits disbursed last fiscal

STATISTICS OF PRINCIPAL FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS—Continued.

year, $216,043; Supreme Mystic Ruler, F. H. Duckwitz, Philadelphia, Pa.; Recorder, J. D. Myers, Philadelphia, Pa.; Treasurer, A. H. Swartz, Philadelphia, Pa.

Mystic Workers of the World.-Founded 1896; lodges, 690; members, 35,700; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $245,441; Supreme Master, W. A. Cunningham, Anamosa, Iowa; Supreme Secretary, Edmund Jackson, Fulton, Ill.; Supreme Banker, A. F. Schoeli, Ottawa, IL

National Provident Union.-Founded 1883; sub-councils, 48; members, 4.074; benefits disbursed since organization, $2,261,776; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $88.025; President, David M. Evans, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Vice-President, Wm. H. Pond, Hartford, Ct.; Secretary, Frank E. Currier, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Treasurer, A. C. Jacobson, Brooklyn, N. Y.

National Union.-Founded 1881; State assemblies, 20; councils, 828; members, 62,444; benefits disbursed since organization, $23,508,875; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $2,053,250; President, Wm. H. Thompson, Mt. Vernon, O.; Secretary, J. W. Myers, Toledo, O.; Treasurer, Charles O. Evarts, Cleveland, O.

New England Order of Protection.-Founded 1887; grand lodges, 6; sub-lodges, 355; members, 43, 167; benefits disbursed since organization, $5,437,400; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $613,000; Supreme Warden, Harry Mauser, Auburn, Me.; Supreme Secretary, D. M. Frye, Boston, Mass.; Supreme Treasurer, John P. Sanborn, Newport, R.' I.

0.der of Gleaners.-Founded 1894; subordinate lodges, 1,000; members, 56,000; benefits disbursed since organization, $744,521; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $162,291; Supreme Chief Ger, Ara Collins, Charlotte, Mich.; Secretary, G. H. Slocum, Caro, Mich.; Treasurer, J. M. Ealy, Caro, Mich.

Pilgrim Fathers, United Order of.-Founded 1879; supreme colony, 1; subordinate colonies, 198; members, 20,080; benefits disbursed since organization, $6,389, 880; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $494,300; Supreme Governor, E. P. Lincoln, Boston, Mass.; Supreme Secretary, Nathan Crary, Lawrence, Mass.; Supreme Treasurer, A. V. Bugbee, Lawrence, Mass.

Protected Home Circle.-Founded 1886; grand councils, 10; sub-councils, 680; members, 59,981; benefits disbursed since organization, $3,246,733; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $468, 750; President, A. C. McLean; Vice-President, A. W. Williams; Secretary, W. S. Palmer; Treasurer, Alex. McDowell, Offices, Sharon, Pa.

Rechabites, Independent Order of.-Founded 1835 (in England), 1842 (in America); number of tents in America, 3; sub-tents, 1,157; members, 488,000; benefits disbursed since organization, $10,000,000; benefits disbursed last fiscal year in America, $250,000. High Chief Ruler, Wayne W. Cordell, Washington, D. C.; High Deputy Ruler, Robt. Smith, Lonaconing, Md.; High Secretary, John C. Moore, Washington, D. C.; High Treasurer, Mrs. M. J. Ellis, Coraopolis, Pa.

Red Men, Improved Order of.-Founded 1763 and 1834; great councils, 59; tribes, 4, 460; members, 406,774; benefits disbursed since organization, $20,515,300; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $1,060,726; Great Incohonee, W. A. S. Bird, Topeka, Kan.; Great Senior Sagamore, Joseph Farrar, Philadelphia, Pa.; Great Chief of Records, Wilson Brooks, Chicago, Ill.; Great Keeper of Wampum, Wm. Provin, Westfield, Mass.

Royal League.-Founded 1883; advisory councils, 8; subordinate councils, 206; members, 29.000; benefits disbursed since organization, $5,161,743; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $475, 297; Supreme Archou, W. E. Hyde, Chicago; Scribe, Charles E. Piper, Chicago; Treasurer, Holmes Hoge, Chicago, Ill.

Scottish Clans, Order of.-Founded 1878; grand clans, 2; subordinate clans, 118; members, 9,728; benefits disbursed since organization, $1,150,000; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $87,000; Royal Chief, W. H. Steen, Braidwood, Ill.; Royal Secretary, Peter Kerr, Boston, Mass.; Royal Treasurer, John Hiell, St. Louis, Mo. (Report of January 1, 1905.)

Shield of Honor.-Founded 1875; grand lodges, 6; sub-lodges, 121; members, 10.500; benefits disbursed since organization, $1,828, 500; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $140,000; Supreme Master, Joseph L. De Gant, Wheeling, W. Va.; Secretary, Wm. T. Henry, Baltimore, Md.; Treasurer, John W. Meeks, Baltimore, Md.

Star of Bethlehem, Order of the.-Permanently established in America 1869; Eminent Grand Commandery of N. A. reorganized and incorporated in 1884: subordinate lodges, 293; members, 1,000; insurance auxiliary, The Eastern Star Benevolent Fund. 3,500 members; benefits paid since organization, $58,705; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $8.575; Commander, R. H. Blaisdell, Sheridan, Mich.; Scribe, T. C. Crowe, Detroit, Mich.; Treasurer, W. H. Sexton, Detroit, Mich. Union Fraternal League. -Founded 1889; grand assemblies, 6; subordinate assemblies, 150; members, 3,000; benefits disbursed since organization, $147,289; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $14.877; President, John Merrill, Boston; Vice-President, P. J. Tetrault, Holyoke, Mass.: Secretary, J. F. Reynolds, Boston; Treasurer, J. C. Barthelmes, Brookline, Mass.

United American Mechanics, Order of.-Founded 1845; State councils, 14; sub-councils, 559; members, 36,554; National Councilor, F. Z. Jones, Rome, N. Y.; National Secretary, John Server, Philadelphia, Pa. National Treasurer, Joseph H. Shinn, Camden, N. J.

United American Mechanics, Junior Order of.-Founded 1853; State councils, 34; subcouncils, 1,730; members, 163.205; benefits disbursed since organization, $5.815,02; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $581,927; National Councilor, W. L. S. Gilcreast, Methuen, Mass.: ViceCouncilor, H. C. Schaertzer, San Francisco, Cal.; Secretary, E. S. Deeiner, Philadelphia, Pa.; Treasurer, Chas. Reimer, Baltimore, Md.

United Workmen, Ancient Order of.-Founded 1873; grand lodges, 39; sub-lodges, 4,584; members, 275,603; benefits disbursed since organization, $150,958.147; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $8,274,003; Master Workman, Will. M. Narvis. Muscatine, Iowa; Recorder, M. W. Sackett, Meadville, Pa.; Receiver, H. B. Dickinson, Buffalo, N. Y.

Woodmen of America, Fraternity of Modern.-Founded 1884; head camp, 1; local camps, 11,477; members, 813,642; benefits disbursed since organization, $54,024,936; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $4,637,419; Head Consul, A. R. Talbot, Lincoln, Neb.; Head Clerk, C. W. Hawes, Rock Island, Ill.

Woodmen of the World.-Founded 1890. sovereign camps, 3; subordinate camps, 7.477; members, 459, 211; benefits disbursed since organization, $29,122,314; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $4,006, 798; Sovereign Commander, Joseph Cullen Root, Omaha, Neb.; Clerk, John T. Yates, Omaha. Neb.; Banker, Morris Sheppard, Texarkana, Tex.

Yeomen of America. -Founded 1898; subordinate councils, 226; members, 10,488; benefits disbursed since organization, $150,459; benefits disbursed last fiscal year, $5,222; President, Fred. B. Silsbee, Oregon, Ill.; Vice-President, C. D. Judd; Secretary, John L. Walker; Treasurer, William George. Headquarters, Aurora, Ill.

Actors' Fund of America.

Second Vice-PresidentSecretary-Frank McKee. Assistant Secretary

President-Daniel Frohman. First Vice-President-Joseph R. Grismer.
Antonio Pastor. Treasurer-Henry B. Harris.
Theodore Bromley.

The Actors' Fund was established in 1882 to provide assistance for disabled and needy members of the theatrical profession, and burial for such as leave no means therefor. The amount of the Fund May 1, 1905, was $141,216. 23, exclusive of real holdings. The Actors' Fund Home, West New Brighton, Staten Island, under the direction of the Actors' Fund of America, was opened May 10, 1902. This is a home for aged and needy actors and actresses. There are 18 honorary members, including ex-President Cleveland, Chauncey M. Depew, and Ignace Paderewski, Office, 112-114 West Forty-second Street, New York.

Actors' Church Alliance of America.

NATIONAL COUNCIL.

President-Right Rev. Henry C. Potter, D. D. Second Vice-President-Mrs. Mary Gibbs Spooner. Treasurer-Miss Eliza B. Harris,

Vice-President-Mrs. Edyth Totten McGrath.
General Secretary-Miss Olinda D. Drescher.

Church-Mr. C. T. Catlin, Mrs. Esther Herrman, Mrs. H. Herbert Knowles, Mr. J. C. Pumpelly, Mrs. G. Studwell, Miss Ida I. Ackerman, Mrs. J. Alexander Brown, Rev. F. J. Clay Moran, Rev. I. H. Sill, Rev. Joseph Silverman.

Stage-Miss Irene Ackerman, Mrs. J. S. Ferguson, Mrs. Ettie Henderson, Mr. R. A. Purdy, Miss Rosa Rand, Mrs. Maggie Breyer, Mrs. W. G. Jones, Mrs. Hudson Liston, Mr. Samuel Morris, Mr. M. Essworth.

Te purpose of the Alliance is to establish closer relations between church and theatre, and ministering to members of the dramatic profession. It is established in 400 cities, and has on its rolls 1,200 chaplains. The calendars of church services of all denominations are posted in 600 theatres. The office of the General Secretary and headquarters is 1431 Broadway.

The Alliance Francaise.

THE Federation of French Alliances in the United States and Canada number 150 groups. The officers of the Federation are: Honorary President-J. J. Jusserand, French Ambassador. PresidentAlcee Fortier, Tulane University, New Orleans. Vice-Presidents-Paul Fuller, New York; J. G. Rosengarten, Philadelphia; Dr. Leslie D. Ward, Newark; Mrs. Daniel Manning, Albany. Secretary and Treasurer-L. V. Gofflot, New York. Board of Directors-Frederic R. Coudert, New York; James H. Hyde, New York; J. Le Roy White, Baltimore; Raoul Dandurand, President of the Canadian Senate.

American Humane Society.

A FEDERATION of societies and individuals "for the prevention of cruelty, especially cruelty to children and animals." The officers are: President-Dr. William O. Stillman, Albany, N. Y. Secretary-Mrs. Mary F. Lovell, Wyncote, Pa. Treasurer-Alfred Millard, Omaha, Neb.

The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Alfred Wagstaff, President, is affiliated with this organization. Headquarters, Madison Avenue and Twenty-sixth Street, New York.

American Institute of Social Service.

ORGANIZED 1898 for social and industrial improvement, with the following officers: PresidentJosiah Strong, Vice-President-Warner Van Norden. Director-W. H. Tolman.

Treasurer-William

Brewster. The Institute consists of forty men and women, who are its governing body. Each year one hundred distinguished students of social subjects may be elected collaborators for one year, and one hundred men and women who are distinguished for their public services, or who are known to be deeply interested in social and industrial betterment, may be elected for one year as associates. The Institute received the highest award (Grand Prix) in Social Economy, at the Paris Exposition, 1900; the St. Louis Exposition, 1904; Liége, 1905; and Milan, 1906. The headquarters of the Institute are at 287 Fourth Avenue, near Twenty-third Street, New York.

The Theosophical Society.

THE Theosophical Society was founded in New York City on November 17, 1875, by Mme. H. P. Blavatsky and Col. Henry S. Olcott, but its headquarters were removed in 1879 to Adyar, Madras, India. Its objects are three: (a) to form a nucleus of the Universal Brotherhood of Humanity, without distinction of race, creed, sex, caste, or color; (b) to encourage the study of comparative religion, philosophy, and science; (c) to investigate unexplained laws of nature and the powers latent in man. It has spread into almost all countries, and has now ten territorial sections, each presided over by a general secretary: America, Great Britain, India, Scandinavia, Holland, France, Italy, Germany, Australia, and New Zealand. During the 29 years of its existence it has admitted about 28,000 members and chartered over 750 branches. The membership at present of the American section is about 2, 400; there are 69 branches. The society holds forth no doctrines and enjoins none, but Theosophy is the natural study of its members, and a large and increasing number of theosophical treatises is poured out by students. Reincarnation and Karma are the basic stones of the Theosophical system. The president-founder, T. S., Col. Olcott, resides at the Adyar headquarters; the general secretary of the American section is Alexander Fullerton, 7 West Eighth Street, New York City. Some organizations using the name "Theosophical" have been formed since 1875, but they are distinct from and unaffiliated with the original T, S,

BIRTHPLACES AND BIRTH YEARS OF LIVING DRAMATIC AND MUSICAL PEOPLE.

1842

1868

1852

1876

1863

1884

1876

1857

1857

1877

1866

1859

1832

1844

1841

1846

1849

1860

1837

1843

1862

1866

1869

1857

1853

1864

1860

1830

1879

1864

1854

1875

1858

1850

1827

1852

1867

1861

1848

1833

Copyright Law of the United States.

DIRECTIONS FOR SECURING COPYRIGHT UNDER THE REVISED ACTS OF CONGRESS, INCLUDING THE PROVISIONS FOR FOREIGN COPYRIGHT, BY ACT OF MARCH 3, 1891. SECTION 4,952 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, in force December 1, 1873, as amended by the act of June 18, 1874, as amended by the act of March 3, 1891, provides that the author, inventor, designer, or proprietor of any book, map, chart, dramatic or musical composition, engraving, cut, print, or photograph or negative thereof, or of a painting, drawing, chromo, statuary, and of models or designs intended to be perfected as works of the fine arts, and the executors, administrators, or assigns of any such person, shall, upon complying with the provisions of this chapter, have the sole liberty of printing, reprinting, publishing, completing, copying, executing, finishing, and vending the same; and, in the case of a dramatic composition, of publicly performing or representing it, or causing it to be performed or represented by others. And authors or their assigns shall have exclusive right to dramatize or translate any of their works for which copyright shall have been obtained under the laws of the United States. PRINTED TITLE REQUIRED.

A printed copy of the title of the book, map, chart, dramatic or musical composition, engraving, cut, print, photograph, or chromo, or a description of the painting, drawing, statue, statuary, or model or design, for a work of the fine arts, for which copyright is desired, must be delivered to the Librarian of Congress, or deposited in the mail, within the United States, prepaid, addressed LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, WASHINGTON, D. C." This must be done on or before day of publication in this or any foreign country.

The printed title required may be a copy of the title-page of such publications as have title-pages. In other cases, the title must be printed expressly for copyright entry, with name of claimant of copyright. The style of type is immaterial, and the print of a typewriter will be accepted. But a separate title is required for each entry. The title of a periodical must include the date and number; and each number of a periodical requires a separate entry of copyright. Blank forms of application are furnished. FEES.

The legal fee for recording each copyright claim is 50 cents, and for a copy of this record (or certificate of copyright) under seal of the office an additional fee of 50 cents is required, making $1 or $1.50, if certificate is wanted, which will be mailed as soon as reached in the records. No money is to be placed in any package of books, music, or other publications. A money order or express order avoids all risk. In the case of publications which are the production of persons not citizens or residents of the United States, but who are citizens or subjects of any country with which the United States has copyright agreement, the fee for recording title is $1, and 50 cents additional for a copy of the record. Certificates covering more than one entry in one certificate are not issued. Express orders, money orders, and currency only taken for fees. No postage stamps received.

DEPOSIT OF COPIES.

Not later than the day of publication in this country or abroad, two complete copies of the best edition of each book or other article must be delivered at the office of the Librarian of Congress, or deposited in the mail within the United States, addressed LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, WASHINGTON, D. C.," to perfect the copyright.

The freight or postage must be prepaid. Books must be printed from type set in the United States or plates made therefrom; photographs from negatives made in the United States; chromos and lithographs from drawings on stone or transfers therefrom made in the United States. In the case of paintings, drawings, statuary, or models or designs for works of art, a photograph of the article is to be sent in lieu of the two copies. Without the deposit of copies required the copyright is void, and a penalty of $25 is incurred. No copy is required to be deposited elsewhere,

The law requires one copy of each new edition wherein any substantial changes are made to be deposited with the Librarian of Congress. NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT.

No person shall maintain an action for the infringement of a copyright unless notice is given by inserting in every copy published, on the title-page or the page following, if it be a book; or if a map, chart, musical composition, print, cut, engraving, photograph, painting, drawing, chromo, statue, statuary, or model or design intended to be perfected as a work of the fine arts, by inscribing upon some visible portion thereof, or on the substance on which the same is mounted, the following words, viz. : Entered according to act of Congress, in the year -- - by, in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington," or at the option of the person entering the copyright, the words: "Copyright, 19-, by

The law imposes a penalty of $100 upon any person who has not obtained copyright who shall insert the notice, ** Entered according to act of Congress," or “Copyright,” etc., or words of the same import, in or upon any book or other article, whether such article be subject to copyright or not. TRANSLATIONS.

The copyright law secures to authors and their assigns the exclusive right to translate or to dramatize any of their works; no notice is required to enforce this right.

DURATION OF COPYRIGHT.

The original term of copyright runs for twenty-eight years. Within six months before the end of that time, the author or designer, or his widow or children, may secure a renewal for the further term of fourteen years, making forty-two in all.

RENEWALS.

Application for renewal must be accompanied by printed title and fee; and by explicit statement of ownership, in the case of the author, or of relationship, in the case of his widow or children, and must state definitely the date of the original copyright. Within two months from date of renewal the record thereof must be advertised in an American newspaper for four weeks.

TIME OF PUBLICATION.

The time of publication is not limited by any law or regulation, but the courts have held that it should take place within a reasonable time."' Registration of title may be secured for a projected as well as for a completed work. But the law provides for no caveat or notice of interferenceonly for actual entry of title.

ASSIGNMENTS.

Copyrights are assignable by any instrument of writing. Such assignment is to be recorded in the office of the Librarian of Congress within sixty days from execution, in default of which it shall be void as against any subsequent purchaser or mortgagee for a valuable consideration, without notice." The fee for this record and certificate is $1, and for a certified copy of any record of assignment $1. A copy of the record (or duplicate certificate) of any copyright entry will be furnished, under seal of the office, at the rate of 50 cents each.