subordinates have been noteworthy, I court the fullest, most exhaustive and most searching investigation of any act of theirs, and if any one of them is ever shown to have done wrong his punishment shall be exemplary. But I ask that they be decently paid, and that their hands be upheld as long as they act decently. On any other conditions we shall not be able to get men of the right type to do the work, and this means that on any other conditions we shall insure, if not failure, at least delay, scandal and inefficiency in the task of digging the giant canal."

The investigation dragged along the entire session without result. The Isthmian Canal Commission made no detailed report and it is likely that the investigation will be continued in a half-hearted manner during the current session of Congress.

In the closing days of the preceding session of Congress an attempt was made to authorize the Isthmian Canal Commission to purchase its materials and supplies in the open markets of the world. This was defeated.

On November 8 President Roosevelt left Washington on the Mayflower for a personal inspection of the canal zone. He left the Mayflower at Wolf Trap Light going aboard the battleship Louisiana which was convoyed by the Tennessee and Washington. He spent four days on the isthmus and returned to Washington on November 26. He expressed himself as well pleased with his trip. During his absence he visited Porto Rico. He expressed himself as satisfied with conditions on the isthmus and sent a specially illustrated message to Congress on December 17, giving in detail his views of the canal. The population of the canal zone, as shown by a recent census of the health department, is about 30,000, with the blacks largely in the majority.

The Pan-American Conference.

THE third international Pan-American Conference was held at Rio de Janeiro, beginning July 23 and terminating August 27, 1906. Unusual significance was given the conference by the attendance of Elihu Root, the Secretary of State in President Roosevelt's Cabinet. Although not a delegate or a member of the conference, the delegates accepted Mr. Root, and he made a most remarkable speech, in which he announced the policy of the Administration of the United States toward the South and Central American Republics.

Every Central and South American Republic, with the exception of two, was represented at the conference. Congress appropriated $60,000 to defray the expenses of the official delegates from the United States, who were William I. Buchanan, of New York, former Minister to Argentina and Panama; Edward J. James, LL. D., of Illinois; Professor Leo S. Rowe, of the University of Pennsylvania; James S. Harlan, of Illinois; ex-Governor Andrew J. Montague, of Virginia, and Professor Paul S. Reinsch, of the University of Wisconsin; and Julio Larrinaga, Resident Commissioner at Washington of Porto Rico, together with Charles Ray Deane, of Illinois, secretary, and Frank L. Joannini, of the War Department, interpreter.

Secretary Root sailed for Rio de Janeiro on the United States cruiser Charleston on July 4, arriving in Rio de Janeiro on July 27. He was most cordially received.

At the invitation of the members of the Congress Secretary Root delivered an address on July 31, which was interpreted as indicating the policy of the Administration at Washington toward all Central and South American republics. The keynote of the Secretary's speech was:

"The Government and the people of the United States wish no victories but those of peace, no territory except our own, and no sovereignty except sovereignty over ourselves, which we deem independence. The smallest and weakest member of the family of nations is entitled to the respect of the greatest empire, and we deem the observance of that respect the chief guarantee of the weak against the oppression of the strong.

We neither claim nor desire rights, privileges or powers we do not freely concede to every American republic. We wish to increase our prosperity, expand our trade and grow in wealth and wisdom, but our conception of the true way to accomplish this is not to pull down others and profit by their ruin, but to help all our friends to common prosperity and to growth, that we may all become greater and stronger together."

Secretary Root's declaration had much to do with allaying the apprehension which the South and Central American States felt toward the policy of the United States.

Among other matters agreed upon by the Congress was the adoption of the Drago Doctrine, which is a declaration that no nation has a right, forcibly, to undertake to collect debts due its citizens by another nation. It is so called because it was formulated by Dr. Louis Drago, Argentine Minister of Foreign Relations, in a communication to the late John Hay, American Secretary of State. Dr. Drago contended that the contrary doctrine was unjust, because foreigners, in lending their money, always took into account the conditions of the borrowing country, and imposed upon it more or less onerous stipulations in consequence of those conditions. He contended that the forcible collection of such debts was dangerous to the United States and inconsistent with the Monroe Doctrine, because the effective collection of loans by force implies territorial occupation, and such occupation signifies subjugation or subordination of the countries on which it is imposed. It was agreed that this proposition, together with a general arbitration scheme, should be submitted to the Hague tribunal. Plans were also adopted for increasing the usefulness of the Bureau of American Republics at Washington. The conference appropriated $200, 000 for the erection of a building for the Bureau there.

Agreements were drawn up and signed by all the members that will have an important bearing on the future of the republics, as regards sanitation, values of money, patents, copyrights, the establishment of a uniform basis for official statistics of the several countries, and the codification and uniformity of international laws. Considerable progress was made in the matter of a Pan-American railroad, which in a general way is to touch all the republics, which will each own the lines within its territory, but the actual running of the road will be directed by a central body. The International Bureau of American Republics was instructed to prepare a definite basis for a contract with one or more steamship lines connecting the principal ports of American countries. A recommendation was adopted that the several countries in the conference prepare tables showing the fluctuations of exchange during the last twenty years, and the effect thereof on commerce, the idea being to facilitate the establishment of a universal gold basis.

Secretary Root's return trip was begun early in August, and he was entertained by the President of every South American Republic at which the cruiser Charleston touched on its homeward journey. The Secretary was the guest of the Chilian government on one of its warships through the inside passage of the Straits of Magellan, the draught of the Charleston being too great. The Secretary returned October 1, 1906,

Entervention in Cuba in 1906.

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT intervened in Cuba in September, 1906, to restore peace.

Revolt, which had been brewing since the elections of September and December, 1905, became active in the latter part of August, when Gen. Pino Guerra took the field in Pinar del Rio province. Rebel forces, ready armed and officered, soon afterward sprang up in various parts of the island, threatening the chief towns and even the capital itself.

Gen. Menocal called together the veterans of the War of Liberation and sought to bring about an adjustment of affairs by arbitration. A ten days' truce was arranged to enable the Moderate or government party leaders to come to an understanding with the Liberal party or insurgent leaders. But while preparations for a peace conference were going on President Palma repudiated the armistice, proclaimed martial law in effect, declared that there should be no compromise with rebels and called Congress to meet in special session to pass measures to carry on the war.

Three days later-September 12-the United States cruiser Denver steamed unexpectedly into Havana harbor and the next day the gunboat Marietta appeared at Cienfuegos. By request'of President Palma. Commander Colwell landed from the Denver 120 armed sailors and stationed them in front of the President's palace. But the sailors were soon withdrawn by direction of Secretary of the Navy Bonaparte, only a small guard being left ashore to watch over the American Legation. The Cuban Congress met in extra session September 14 and passed a bill giving President Palma supreme power to wage war.

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT'S LETTER.

That same day President Roosevelt sent to the Cuban minister at Washington and caused to be published this letter

"My Dear Señor Quesada-In this crisis in the affairs of the Republic of Cuba, I write you not merely because you are the Minister of Cuba accredited to this Government, but because you and I were intimately drawn together at the time when the United States intervened in the affairs of Cuba, with the result of making her an independent nation. You know how sincere my affectionate admiration and regard for Cuba are. You know that I never have done and never shall do anything in reference to Cuba save with such sincere regard for her welfare. You also know the pride I felt because it came to me as President to withdraw the American troops from the Island-of Cuba and officially to proclaim her independence and to wish her godspeed in her career as a free republic,

"I desire now through you to say a word of solemn warning to your people, whose earnest well wisher I am.

"For seven years Cuba has been in a condition of profound peace and of steadily growing prosperity. For four years this peace and prosperity have obtained under her own independent government. Her peace, prosperity and independence are now menaced; for of all possible evils that can befall Cuba the worst is the evil of anarchy, into which civil war and revolutionary disturbances will assuredly throw her. Whoever is responsible for armed revolt and outrage, whoever is responsible in any way for the condition of affairs that now obtains is an enemy of Cuba, and doubly heavy is the responsibility of the man who, affecting to be the especial champion of Cuban independence, takes any step which will jeopardize that independence. For there is just one way in which Cuban independence can be jeoparded, and that is for the Cuban people to show their inability to continue in their path of peaceful and orderly progress.

This nation asks nothing of Cuba save that it shall continue to develop as it has developed during these past seven years; that it shall know and practise the orderly libert which will assuredly bring an ever increasing measure of peace and prosperity to the beautiful Queen of the Antilles. Our intervention in Cuban affairs will only come if Cuba herself shows that she has fallen into the insurrectionary habit, that she lacks the self-restraint necessary to secure peaceful self-government, and that her contending factions have plunged the country into anarchy. "solemnly adjure all Cuban patriots to band together, to sink all differences and personal ambitions, and to remember that the only way to preserve the independence of their republic is to prevent the necessity of outside interference, by rescuing it from the anarchy of civil war. earnestly hope that this word of adjuration of mine, given in the name of the American people-the stanchest friends and well-wishers of Cuba that there are in all the world-will be taken as it is meant, will be seriously considered, and will be acted upon; and if so acted upon Cuba's permanent independence, her permanent success as a republic, are assured.

1

"Under the treaty with your government I, as President of the United States, have a duty in this matter which I cannot shirk. The third article of that treaty explicitly confers upon the United States the right to intervene for the maintenance in Cuba of a government adequate for the protection of life, property and individual liberty. The treaty conferring this right is the supreme law of the land, and furnishes me with the right and the means of fulfilling the obligation that I am under to protect American interests. The information at hand shows that the social bonds througnout the island have been so relaxed that life, property and individual liberty are no longer safe. I nave received authentic information of injury to and destruction of American property.

It is in my judgment imperative for the sake of Cuba that there shall be an immediate cessation of hostilities, and some arrangement which will secure the permanent pacification of the island. "I am sending to Havana the Secretary of War, Mr. Taft, and the Assistant Secretary of State, Mr. Bacon, as the special representatives of this Government, who will render such and as is possible toward these ends. I had hoped that Mr. Root, the Secretary of State, could ave stopped in Havana on his return from South America, but the seeming imminence of the crisis forbids further delay. Through you I desire in this way to communicate with the Cuban government and with the Cuban people, and accordingly I am sending you a copy of this letter to be presented to President Palma and have also directed its immediate publication.

"Sincerely yours,

"THEODORE ROOSEVELT."

The treaty President Roosevelt referred to embraces what is commonly known as the Platt Amendment, having been drawn by Senator Orville H. Platt, of Connecticut, as an amendment to the Army Appropriation bill which passed Congress March 2, 1901. The provisions of that amendment were incorporated the following June in the Constitution of Cuba as an appendix, and subsequently also in a permanent treaty between Cuba and the United States. These provisions read;

THE SO-CALLED PLATT AMENDMENT.

"The government of Cuba shall never enter into any treaty or other compact with any foreign power or powers which will impair, or tend to impair, the independence of Cuba, nor in any manner authorize or permit any power or powers to obtain by colonization or for military or naval purposes or otherwise lodgment in or control over any portion of said island.

"The government of Cuba shall not assume or contract any public debt to pay the interest upon which and to make reasonable sinking fund provision for the ultimate discharge of which the ordinary resources of the island, after defraying the current expenses of government, shall be inadequate.

"The government of Cuba consents that the United States may exercise the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence, the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of life, property and individual liberty, and for discharging the obligations with respect to Cuba imposed by the Treaty of Paris on the United States, now to be assumed and undertaken by the government of Cuba.

"All acts of the United States Government during its military occupation thereof are ratified and validated, and all lawful rights acquired thereunder shall be maintained and protected.

"The government of Cuba will execute and, so far as necessary, extend the plans already devised, or other plans to be mutually agreed upon for the sanitation of the cities of the island, to the end that a recurrence of epidemic and infectious diseases may be prevented, thereby assuring protection to the people and commerce of Cuba, as well as to the commerce of the southern ports of the United States and the people residing therein.

"The Isle of Pines shall be omitted from the proposed constitutional boundaries of Cuba, the title thereto left to future adjustment by treaty. (A treaty was signed by plenipotentiaries in Havana July 2, 1903, declaring the Isle of Pines to be an integral part of Cuba.)

"To enable the United States to maintain the independence of Cuba and to protect the people thereof, as well as for its own defence, the government of Cuba will sell or lease to the United States lands necessary for coaling or naval stations at certain specified points to be agreed upon with the President of the United States.

By way of further assurance, the government of Cuba will embody the foregoing provisions in a permanent treaty with the United States."

PRESIDENT PALMA PROCLAIMED A TRUCE.

Secretary of War Taft and Assistant Secretary Bacon left Washington the very day President Roosevelt's letter was sent to Minister Quesada, and arrived in Havana September 19. They straightway paid their respects to President Palma, and then began to hear statements from leading Cubans of all factions, receiving first the presidents of the Moderate and Liberal parties and Gen. Menocal, the leader of the veterans' arbitration movement. To Senator Zayas, the president of the Liberal party, Secretary Taft said:

"I have come here without special instructions other than those outlined in the President's letter to Minister Quesada, which was written while I was with him. President Roosevelt wishes to fulfil all his obligations, but it will be a painful duty if he is compelled to employ the Platt amendment against Cuba."

While the President's Peace Commission was seeking to bring the war ing elements together a great fleet of American warships was rapidly gathering in Cuban waters, and a large army of American troops was getting ready to go to the island.

President Palma issued September 25 a call for another special session of Congress to accept his resignation. Thereupon Secretary Taft cabled to President Roosevelt that his peace mission had failed.

The Cuban Congress met September 28 and received President Palma's resignation, which read: "The turn taken by the disturbance of public order since the beginning of the armed rebellion in the Province of Pinar del Rio, the fact that a so-called American commission of peace is working in this capital, the fact that the executive has lost, therefore, all authority, while the rebels keep their arms in their hands and continue their threatening, and on the other hand my sincere wish that the country may recover its normal state of order (besides the absolute impossibility of my accepting the only conditions proposed by said commission for he ending of the rebellion), cause me to decide irrevocably, and because I consider it patriotic and dignified to present to Congress my resignation as President of the Republic of Cuba, to which I was elected by the votes of my countrymen.'

As Congress had received the "irrevocable" resignation of both President Palma-who had previously accepted the resignation of every member of his Cabinet-and of Vice-President Mendez Capote without electing anybody to fill their places, Cuba was left without a government. TAFT ASSUMES THE GOVERNORSHIP.

Secretary Taft issued on September 29 this proclamation:

"The failure of Congress to act on the irrevocable resignation of the President of the Republic of Cuba or to elect a successor leaves this country without a government at a time when great disorder prevails and requires that, pursuant to a request of President Palma, the necessary steps be taken, in the name of and by the authority of the President of the United States, to restore order and protect life and property in the island of Cuba, and in the islands and keys adjacent thereto, and for this purpose to establish therein a provisional government. The provisional government hereby established by direction and in the name of the President of the United States will be maintained only long enough to restore order, peace and public confidence, and then to hold such elections as may be necessary to determine those persons upon whom the permanent government of the republic should be devolved.

"In so far as is consistent with the nature of a provisional government, established under the authority of the United States, this will be a Cuban government, conforming as far as may be with the Constitution of Cuba. The Cuban flag will be hoisted as usual over the government buildings of the island; all the executive departments and the provincial and municipal governments, including that of the city of Havana, will continue to be administered as under the Cuban Republic: the courts will continue to administer justice, and all laws not in their nature inapplicable by reason of the temporary and emergent nature of the government will be in force.

"President Roosevelt has been most anxious to bring abou peace under the constitutional government of Cuba, and has made every endeavor to avoid the present step. Longer delay, however, would be dangerous, in view of the resignation of the Cabinet.

"Until further notice, the heads of all the departments of the central government will report to

me for instructions, including Gen. Alejandro Rodriguez, in command of the Rural Guard and the other regular forces, and Gen. Carlos Roloff, Treasurer of Cuba. Until further notice, the civil governors and alcaldes will also report to me for instructions.

"I ask all citizens of Cuba to assist in the work of restoring order, tranquillity and confidence. "WM. H. TAFT. "Secretary of War of the United States, Provisional Governor of Cuba.' A disarmament commission was immediately appointed, headed by Brig.-Gen, Frederick Funston, and strong forces of American marines were disembarked from the American warships and stationed at strategic points. Six thousand United States regulars, forming the Army of Pacification," under Maj.-Gen. J. Franklin Bell, afterward relieved the marines, who returned to their ships, while the veteran troops, who had served in the Philippines and elsewhere, were rapidly distributed throughout the island,

For the most part the rebels laid down their arms without trouble and the work of pacification was rapid, President Palma left Havana in tears October 2 for his old home at Bayamo.

Secretary Taft issued on October 9 a proclamation of amnesty to all persons charged with political offences.

Charles E. Magoon succeeded to the position of Provisional Governor October 13, on which day Secretary Taft, Assistant Secretary Bacon and General Funston left Havana for the United States,

GOVERNOR MAGOON'S POLICY.

On taking office Governor Magoon issued a proclamation setting forth that he assumed the governorship under the authority conferred by the Platt amendment and the permanent treaty between the United States and Cuba, and by an act of the United States Congress of March 2, 1901, and by the appointment of the President of the United States. He added:

"The policy declared and the assurances given by Secretary Taft will be strictly adhered to and carried out. As Provisional Governor I shall exercise the powers and perform the duties provided for by the third article of the appendix to the Constitution of Cuba for the preservation of Cuban independence and the protection of life and property. As soon as it proves consistent with the attainment of these ends I shall seek to bring about the restoration of the ordinary agencies and methods of government under the other and general provisions of the Cuban Constitution. All the provisions of the Constitution and laws which for the time being would be inconsistent with the exercise of the powers provided for by the third article of the appendix must be deemed to be in abeyance. All the other provisions of the Constitution and laws continue in full force and effect."

Peaceful conditions were rapidly restored throughout the island. The only threatening attempt to prolong disorder was made by the deposed chief of police, at Cienfuegos, Senor Ruis. With eight followers he took to the bush," the familiar way of starting a Cuban revolt, in the latter part of November. Governor Magoon immediately sent in pursuit the Rural Guards (native troops), at Cienfuegos, while United States soldiers garrisoned the town. The whole body of insurgents was quickly captured and the rebellion was squelched within three days.

HALF THE MEMBERS OF CONGRESS UNSEATED.

Diplomatic hints failing to induce certain Cuban Congressmen to resign, Governor Magoon called them to his official residence December 2, and informed them that a decree would be issued the next day by direction of President Roosevelt, declaring vacant those seats which were filled at the election held in 1905, and that the salaries of members thus ousted would be paid to October 12-the day before Governor Magoon took office. Nothing was said in the decree, which was duly gazetted, about any illegality or coercion at that election, but the primary cause of the late insurrection was the belief that the Cuban government had stifled the voice of the people at the polls in 1905, and, by means of pressure and intimidation, had brought about the re-election of Tomas Estrada Palma, as President, and the election of most of the Moderate candidates for Congress,

This decree unseated half the Senators and Representatives, The fairness of the election in 1904, of the other half, has never been seriously questioned.

New elections will be ordered to fill the vacant seats for the unexpired term-until December 31, 1907. But many things must be taken into consideration in fixing the date. The islanders are not yet in such a frame of mind just after laying down their arms as is desirable at a popular election, and by the time it is hoped they may be, the reaping of certain important crops ought not to be interfered with. The Liberals are willing to wait until June, and the Moderates, who are demoralized, want the election put off as long as possible.

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT'S MESSAGE.

In his message to Congress at the opening of the session December 4, President Roosevelt, after reciting the events which led to intervention by the United States, said:

"The provisional government has left the personnel of the old government and the old laws, so far as might be, unchanged, and will thus administer the island for a few months until tranquillity can be restored, a new election properly held, and a new government inaugurated. Peace has come in the island, and the harvesting of the sugar cane crop, the great crop of the island, is about to proceed.

"When the election has been held and the new government inaugurated in peaceful and orderly fashion the provisional government will come to an end.

I take this opportunity of expressing upon behalf of the American people, with all possible solemnity, our most earnest hope that the people of Cuba will realize the imperative need of preserving justice and keeping order in the island. The United States wishes nothing of Cuba except that it shall prosper morally and materially, and wishes nothing of the Cubans save that they shall be able to preserve order among themselves, and therefore to preserve their independence.

"If the elections become a farce, and if the insurrectionary habit becomes confirmed in the island, it is absolutely out of the question that the island should continue independent, and the United States, which has assumed the sponsorship before the civilized world for Cuba's career as a nation, would again have to intervene and to see that the government was managed in such orderly fashion as to secure the safety of life and property.

The path to be trodden by those who exercise self-government is always hard, and we should have every charity and patience with the Cubans as they tread this difficult path. I have the utmost sympathy with and regard for them, but I most earnestly adjure them solemnly to weigh their responsibilities and to see that when their new government is started it shall run smoothly and with freedom from flagrant denial of right on the one hand and from insurrectionary disturbances on the other,"

The National Pure Food Law.

THE Pure Food Act, approved June 30, 1906, is entitled "An Act for preventing the manufacture sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines and liquors, and for regulating traffic therein, and for other purposes." It took effect by its terms on January 1, 1907.

Under Section 3 of the Act the secretaries of the Departments of the Treasury, Agriculture, and Commerce and Labor, are required to make uniform rules for carrying out the provision of the Act. The administration of the law has therefore been placed under the charge of a Commission appointed by these three Departments. The Treasury Department is represented by James I. Gerry. the Department of Agriculture by Dr. Harvey W. Wiley and the Department of Commerce and Labor by S. N. D. North, Director of the Census. Dr. Wiley, is Chairman. The Commission met and organized in the City of New York, September 17, 1906, and proceeded to prepare rules and regulations for carrying out the provisions of the Act.

The first section of the Act makes it unlawful for any person to manufacture within the District of Columbia or any Territory, any article of food or drug which is adulterated or misbranded, under a penalty not to exceed $500, or one year's imprisonment, or both, at the discretion of the court for the first offense, and not to exceed $1,000 and one year's imprisonment, or both, for each subsequent of

fense.

Section 2 of the Act makes it applicable to food or drugs introduced into any State from any other State, and from or to any foreign country.

The sections descriptive of the articles which come within the scope of the Act are as follows:

Sec. 6. The term 'drug,' as used in this Act, shall include all medicines and preparations, recognized in the United States Pharmacopoeia or National Formulary for internal or external use, and any substance or mixture of substances intended to be used for the cure, mitigation or prevention of disease of either man or other animals. The term food,' as used herein, shall include all articles used for food, drink, confectionery or condiment by man or other animals, whether simple, mixed or compound.

Sec. 7. For the purposes of this Act an article shall be deemed to be adulterated:"

In case of drugs:

First. If, when a drug is sold under or by a name recognized in the United States Pharmacopoeia or National Formulary, it differs from the standard of strength, quality or purity, as determined by the test laid down in the United States Pharmacopoeia or National Formulary official at the time of investigation: Provided, That no drug defined in the United States Pharmacopoeia or National Formulary shall be deemed to be adulterated under this provision if the standard of strength, quality or purity be plainly stated upon the bottle, box or other container thereof, although the standard may differ from that determined by the test laid down in the United States Pharmacopoeia or National Formulary. Second. If this strength or purity fall below the professed standard or quality under which it In the case of confectionery:

is sold."

If it contain terra alba, barytes, talc, chrome yellow, or other mineral substance or poisonous color or flavor, or other ingredient deleterious or detrimental to health, or any vinous, malt or spirituous liquor or compound or narcotic drug."

In the case of food:

First. If any substance has been mixed and packed with it so as to reduce or lower or injuriously affect its quality or strength.

Second. If any substance has been substituted wholly or in part for the article.

Third. If any valuable constituent of the article has been wholly or in part extracted.

Fourth. If it be mixed, colored, powdered, coated, or stained in a manner whereby damage or inferiority is concealed.

Fifth. If it contain any added poisonous or other added deleterious ingredient which may reuder such article injurious to health: Provided, That when in the preparation of food products for shipment they are preserved by any external application applied in such manner that the preservative is necessarily removed mechanically, or by maceration in water, or otherwise, and directions for the removal of said preservatives shall be printed on the covering of the package, the provisions of this Act shall be construed as applying only when said products are ready for consumption.

Sixth. If it consists in whole or in part of a filthy, decomposed, or putrid animal or vegetable substance, or any portion of an animal unfit for food, whether manufactured or not, or if it is the product of a diseased animal, or one that has died otherwise than by slaughter.

Sec. 8. The term 'misbranded,' used herein, shall apply to all dru s, or articles, or food, or articles which enter into the composition of food, the package or label of which shall bear any statement, design, or device regarding such article, or the ingredients or substances contained therein which shall be false or misleading in any particular, and to any food or drug product which is falsely branded as to the State, Territory, or country in which it is manufactured or produced.

That for the purposes of this Act, an article shall also be deemed to be misbranded.'' In case of drugs:

First. If it be an imitation of or offered for sale under the name of another article. "Second. If the contents of the package as originally put up shall have been removed, in whole. or in part, and other contents shall have been placed in such package, or if the package fail to bear a statement on the label of the quantity or proportion of any alcohol, morphine, opium, cocaine, heroin, alpha or beta eucaine, chloroform, cannabis indica, chloral hydrate or acetanilide, or any derivative or preparation of any such substances contained therein." In case of food:

First. If it be an imitation of or offered for sale under the distinctive name of another article. **Second. If it be labelled or branded so as to deceive or mislead the purchaser, or purport to be a foreign product when not so, or if the contents of the package as originally put up shall have been removed fn whole or in part and other contents shall have been placed in such package, or if it fail to bear a statement on the label of the quantity or proportion of any morphine, opium, cocaine, heroin, alpha or beta eucaine, chloroform, cannabis indica, chloral hydrate, or acetanilide, or any derivative or preparation of any such substance contained therein.

Third. If in package form, and the contents are stated in terms of weight or measure, they are not plainly or correctly stated on the outside of the package.

Fourth. If the package containing it or its label shall bear any statement, design or device regarding the ingredients or the substances contained therein, which statement, design or device shall