Exports, increase attended by
increase of imports, 32-34;
mistaken views of, in rela-
tion to imports, 42, 43.
Fairchild, Representative, quo-
ted, 13.
Foreign inferiority and pro-
tection, 162.
"Foreigner pays the tax," idea,
76.
Franklin,
Benjamin, quoted
for protection, 92, 93.
Free Exchange, benefits of,
62, 63.
Free trade, defined, 5, 6, 7, 15,
16; between states, 20, 55, 56;
proper sense of term, 39; a
peace measure, 52, 53; ex-
ample of successful working,
54; what absolute can do, 63-
65; chapters on, 72-98; the
natural condition, 72; "a
mode of liberty," 72; an ac-
tual fact in the United States,
72-74; favorable to the maxi-
mum of production, 78;
means freedom of trade sub-
ject to necessary taxation,
81; our prosperity under, 82,
83; of universal application,
88; advantages following, 89,
90; natural, 90, 91; a relative
term, 92; adopted with the
constitution, IOI; need of a
free trade policy, 287.
Fruits of American protection,
The, 171.
Frye, Senator, quoted, 13.
Gallatin's Report, story of hat
industry, 80.
Gallinger, Senator, on protec-
tion of American labor, 188.
Gardner, A. P., quoted, 70.
Garfield, J. A., on selfishness
accompanying appeals for du-
ties, 123.
George, Henry, his story of
some protectionists and the
customs, 95, 96.
Gladstone, W. E., on the tariff,
114; on American protective
system, 128.
Gold and protection principles,
44; as an "infant industry,"
44, 45; its hoarding, 68; and
California, 69, 70.
Gorman-Wilson tariff, 141.
"Great Debate" on Mills tariff
bill, 181, 200, 201.
Greeley, Horace, on protection,
138.
Grimes, J. W., on the Morrill
tariff bill and coercion, 123.
Hamilton, Alexander, report to
congress on manufactures,
156, 157.
History of American Manufac-
tures, Bishop, quoted, 220.
Horizontal reduction, 281, 285.
Imports, sum of equal to sum
of exports, 35-38, 43, 44; re-
quirements regarding pay-
ment of duties, 253, 254.
Income tax a necessity, 280.
Industries, protected, a drag on
the country, 148; small
amount of labor engaged in,
"Infant industries,” 45, 46, 48,
51, 88, 163, 164.
Internal revenue duties, reim-
position of, 279.
Iron and iron industry, produc-
tion, 241; protective duties,
241, 242; burden on con-
sumer, 243; growth of indus-
try, 241-249; results of heavy
duty, 246-249; and anthracite
coal, 247; needed no protec-
tion, 252, 263.
Iron and steel trust, prices here
and abroad, 265.
Is Protection a Benefit? Tay-
lor, quoted, 123, 124.
"Jokers," first appearance of,
211, 235; use of in tariff bills,
280, 281.
Labor, American vs. European,
186-188; productive capaci-
ties of in different countries,
187; no need of protecting,
188, 189; President Wilson
on protection of American,
191, 192; efficiency of Ameri-
can, 193; conditions under
high protection, 196; source
of wealth, 197; small propor-
tion engaged in protected in-
dustries, 200, 201; wages and
efficiency, 231; cheap, 44-
Labor and capital organized as
business, 176.
Lawrence, Abbott, on tariff dis-
asters, 143.
Lectures on the History of
Protection in the United
States, Sumner, quoted, 54.
Lincoln, reputed remark ques-
tioned, 71; his story about
his boys, 88.
"Log-rolling," in congress, 122.
Longworth, Representative, on
deterioration in clothing, 153.
Manufactures of the United
States, annual output, 144,
145.
Manufacturers, get the "prize
money," 170, 171.
Meat, American, cheaper in
England than at home, 136,
137.
Mercantile theory of com-
merce, 21, 67-69.
Mill, John Stuart, quoted, 62;
argument for protection, 203,
204.
Miles, H. E., quoted, 144.
Mills, R. Q., on the general
welfare, 150.
Politics corrupted by protec-
tion, 118-124.
Political Economy, Cairnes, 187.
Political Parties and protec-
Prices raised by protection, 135,
138.
Principles of Political Econ-
omy, Mill, illustration of
benefit of free exchange, 62,
63, 204.
Production, cost of, 77; maxi-
mum of, 78, 79; capacity of
factory operatives in differ-
ent countries, 187.
Progress of the World, Mul-
hall, quoted, 187.
Prosperity, not due to protec-
tion, 83, 85-87, 157, 158; and
panics, not due to high or
low tariff, 140-144.
Protection, chapters on, 99-183;
so-called "American Sys-
tem," 2; meaning of, 2, 3, 16;
as opposed to free trade, 4;
creates millionaires, 46, 112;
of "infant industries,” 45, 48;
an interference, 61; absurd
claims of, 76; prosperity not
due to, 83, 85-87; artificial,
90, 91; protective legislation
cause of American revolu-
tion, 99; between the colonies,
100; asks for more, 101-104,
160; what it claims, 106-110;
income from, benefits manu-
facturers, 112; imposes bur-
den on workingmen, 112; is
it dynamic? 115; leads to po-
litical corruption, 118-128;
coercion in congress, 129;
masquerades under false
name, 128; denies right of
liberty to trade, 129; incom-
patible with tariff for rev-
enue, 130; a system of
selfishness, 131, 159; and
special privilege, 133, 137-
140; artificial stimulus, 146;
not the American system,
151; cause of deterioration
and dependence, 152-154; di-
minishes commerce, 155; pro-
duces unequal distribution of
wealth, 156; does not cause
prosperity, 157, 158; does
not cover all industries, 161;
against the inferiorities of
the rest of mankind, 162; a
puling cry, 163; sophisms of,
166, 167, 168-170; how long
to control at Washington?
177, 178; pretences of, 181;
not the cause of high wages,
189; high, and the condition
of labor, 196; little gain to
labor, 202; not necessary in
the United States, chapter
on, 203-263; not needed by
cotton manufactures, 222-
226; of woolen industry,
227-237; more sought by
woolen men, 233-235; duties
on iron, 241; results of, 246;
retarding better processes,
250; not needed by iron and
steel industries, 252, 253; in-
consistent with revenue, 261;
Americans obsessed in favor
of, 264; arraigned by Miss
Tarbell, 267-269; how to get
rid of, 285-287.
Protectionism, Sumner, quoted,
74; 166, 168-170.
Protectionists, inconsistent, 89,
260; free traders at heart, 94,
95; ask for more and more,
101-104; dissatisfied with
tariff, 144-146, 160; claims
abandoned by, 178, 179; un-
fulfilled promises of, 179;
claims as to American labor,
195; greed of, 234.
Protective duties, benefit the
few, 134; impose burdens on
consumer, 134-139.
Providence Journal, tariff arti-
cles by J. B. Bowditch, 218.
Rayner, Senator, defines free
trade, 8, 9.
Redfield, Representative, advo-
cate of free trade, 77.
Reed, on Wilson Tariff Re-
Report on Manufactures, Ham-
ilton, 209.
Republican Party, blunder in
regard to Canada, 57; break-
ing pledges, 102, 103; com-
mitted to protection, 104;
progress towards protection
principles, 105; repudiates
old pledges, 180; decadence
of, 265.
Roosevelt, Theodore, quoted,
1, 2, 16; and war, 97.
Schedules, lettered, introduc-
tion of, 260; in horizontal re-
duction, 282.
Slater, Samuel, first successful
manufacturer of cotton cloth
with machinery, 212.
Sugar Trust, legislation to as-
sist, 149, 150.
Sumner, Professor W. G., de-
fines free trade, 15, 72; free
trade between the states, 55,
56; designation of protection,
61; free trade not a theory,
illustrates protection,
147; on sophisms of protec-
tion, 166, 167, 168, 170; tariff
raising prices, 171; finding
metals, 174.
Smith, Adam, quoted, 1, 26, 68, Taft, W. H., Tariff Board, 77,
146.
Sophisms of protection, Bas-
tiat, freedom of trade, 63-65.
Special privilege, 133.
Stanwood, Edward, quoted, 10,
II, 22, 97, 127; on the iron
industry, 115, 116; on diffu-
sion of wealth, 158; how
long is protection to con-
tinue? 174; paean for protec-
tion, 183; first tariff schedule
lobby, 210; on minimum val-
uation claim in tariff of
1816, 211; cotton cloth in-
dustries, 214, 216; and iron
industry, 250, 251; and pro-
tection of cotton, 255; on
Great Britain's move to free
trade, 285.
Steel, the Bessemer process,
251, 252; needed no protec-
tion for success of, 252, 253.
Tarbell, Ida M., organization
of business, 110; Mr. Ald-
rich and the tariff, 139, 140;
amusing story, 198, 199;
wools and woolens, 233; ar-
raignment of protection, 267-
269; cost of living and value
of the penny, 273, 274; what
tariff reform is, 278, 279.
Tariff, origin of the word, 1;
beginnings, I; defined, 2;
for revenue with incidental
protection, II, 12; for rev-
enue only, 14; prosperity
under a tariff for revenue,
81, 82; low and prosperity,
83, 84; and increase of rev-
enue, 131; nothing to do with
high wages, 184, 185, 195;
first tariff in the United
States, 206-208; history of
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