Social Issues: The Ethics and Economics of Taxes and Public ProgramsOxford University Press, 1998 - 222 стор. Given the recent cuts in government budgets, issues such as taxation, welfare, education, health care, Social Security, and environmental protection are drawing increased public awareness. The government programs directed at these issues are the subject of intense debate, with one underlying question: how to divide resources equitably among all members of society. In order for these moral conflicts to be resolved, however, a much better understanding of the moral as well as the economic dimensions of the issues and proposed reforms is needed. Social Issues provides the necessary framework for discussing and resolving today's most pressing social issues. This approach to ethics, termed social ethics, presumes that moral principles should be evaluated in terms of their relevance to a specific situation or social issue. The social ethics approach allows for moral principles to be weighed in the context of social programs such as welfare reform, taxes, health care, education, Social Security, and the environment. The basic perspectives of economic, political, and social theory can greatly enhance understanding of the issues, the programs, and the possible reforms. Many recent reform proposals seek to enhance the efficiency of social programs by deregulation and privatization. It is important to examine why the market originally failed to address and resolve these issues. Here the role of economic analysis becomes crucial: the success of reforms depends on an appreciation of the special characteristics of related goods and activities. Social Issues provides a forum for open discussion in which the moral values and political and economic viewpoints of differing perspectives are entertained, discussed, and evaluated. |
Зміст
Chapter 2 | 25 |
Chapter 3 | 53 |
Education Fair Starts and Economic Opportunity | 97 |
Moral Choices and Health Care Policies | 126 |
Social Security Old Age and Retirement | 157 |
Environmental Issues | 190 |
| 217 | |
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Social Issues: The Ethics and Economics of Taxes and Public Programs John C. Winfrey Попередній перегляд недоступний - 1998 |
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adverse selection allocation allocative efficiency Americans approach argued argument basic benefits and costs budget burden buyers choice claims competitive markets consider consumers contribution criteria debt deontological distribution duties economic effect efficiency and fairness egalitarian elderly poor environmental environmental economics equal ethics evaluated expect externalities fairness and efficiency families federal financed firms flat tax focus free-rider problem health care idea important incentives increase individual institutions intergenerational investment libertarian marginal benefits marginal costs market failures maximize Medicaid Medicare ment moral hazard moral principles nature parents payroll tax percent personal income tax political pollution pools poverty problem QALY question Rawls redistribution reform regressive tax responsibilities revenues risks role schools social benefits social goals social issues social minimum Social Security society spending taxpayers theory tion trust fund utilitarian values various vouchers welfare