5. "The cession of the whole treaty-making power to the president and senate, was considered as one of the most formidable features in the instrument, inasmuch as it put in the power of the president and any ten senators, who might represent the five smallest states, to enter into the most ruinous foreign engagements, and even to cede away by treaty any portion of the territory of the larger states; it was insisted that the lower house, who were the immediate representatives of the people, instead of being excluded as they were by the constitution from all participation in the treaty-making power, ought at least to be consulted, if not to have the principal agency in so interesting a national act. 6. 66 The immense patronage of the president was objected to; because it placed in his hands the means of corrupting the congress, the navy, and army, and of distributing, moreover, throughout society a band of retainers in the shape of judges, revenue officers, and tax-gatherers, which would render him irresistible in any scheme of ambition that he might meditate against the liberties of his country.

7. "The irresponsibility of the whole gang of federal officers (as they were called) was objected to: there was indeed, in some instances, a power of impeachment pretended to be given, but it was mere sham and mockery; since, instead of being tried by a tribunal, zealous and interested to bring them to justice, they were to try each other for offences, in which, probably, they were all mutually implicated.

8. "It was insisted, that if we must adopt a constitution ceding away such ast powers, express and implied, and so fraught with danger to the liberties of the people, it ought at least to be guarded by a bill of rights; that in all free governments, and in the estimation of all men attached to liberty, there were certain rights unalienable—imprescriptible—and of so sacred a character, that they could not be guarded with too much caution; among these were the liberty of speech and of the press-what security had we, that even these sacred privileges would not be invaded? Congress might think it necessary, in order to carry into effect the given powers, to silence the clamors and censures of the people; and, if they meditated views of lawless ambition, they certainly will so think: what then would become of the liberty of speech and of the press."

CARLYLE'S VIEW OF WAR.-"What, speaking in quite unofficial language, is the net purport and upshot of war? To my own knowledge, for example, there dwell and toil in the British village of Dumdrudge, usually some five hundred souls. From these, by certain 'natural enemies' of the French, there are successively selected, during the French war, say thirty able-bodied men. Dumdrudge, at her own expense, has suckled and nursed them; she has, not without difficulty and sorrow, fed them up to manhood, and even trained them to crafts, so that one can weave, another build, another hammer, and the weakest can stand under thirty stone avoirdupois. Nevertheless, amid much weeping and swearing, they are selected; all dressed in red, and shipped away at the public charges, some two thousand miles; or say only to the south of Spain, and fed there till wanted. And now, in that same spot, in the south of Spain, are thirty similar French artisans, from a French Dumdrudge, in like manner wending; till at length, after infinite effort, the two parties come into actua' juxtaposition; and thirty stand fronting thirty, each with a gun in his hand. Straightway the wordFire!' is given; and they blow the souls out of one another; and in place of sixty brisk, useful craftsmen, the world has sixty dead carcasses, which it must bury, and anew shed tears for. Had these men any quarrel? Busy as the devil is, not the smallest. They lived far enough apart; were the entirest strangers; nay, in so wide a universe, there was even, uncon sciously, by commerce, some mutual helpfulness between them. How then? Simpletons! their governors had fallen out; and instead of shooting one another, had the cunning to make these poor blockheads shoot."

ARTICLE XVI.

THE PHRENOLOGICAL CHARACTER OF JUDAS, WITH A LIKENESS.

THE merest smatterer in Phrenology will at once pronounce this to be a most despicable physiognomy and head. The form of the face is repugnant, but that of the head is, if possible, still worse. Though this subject has good practical intellect and business shrewdness, yet his selfish organs greatly predominate, and of course he makes use of whatever mind he possesses to secure their unbridled gratification. See how deficient in Benevolence and Veneration. See how enormous a crown. A front view of his head shows a proportionate deficiency of Conscientiousness, and predominance of propensity. He is rather short, stocky, and broad shouldered, and, of course, wide-headed. This still farther enhances his selfishness. His social organs are large. This is almost his only redeeming development; everything else combines to render his head every way bad. Few "prison birds" have anywhere near as unfavorable a set of developments, in all the aspects in which they can be viewed. This consists in no ONE organ, but runs throughout all his combinations. It is not his small Benevolence merely, nor his enormous coronal developments alone, nor his immense animal group considered separately, but it is the CONCATENATION or confluence of them ALL which deserves especial notice. As unfavorable a head can scarcely be found.

Let not the reader suppose that this likeness is a caricature. He from whom it was copied, now lives, and all who know him will at once recognize it, not only as true to life, but as not exaggerated. At any time applicants can see the original.

Yet, perhaps, the most unfavorable organic condition remains to be stated. His TEMPERAMENT is quite as bad as his head-is such as to render the head a great deal worse than it would be with an ordinary organization. This might be expected. The two always correspond. The entire man, from the soles of the feet to the crown of the head, is cut and made out of the same piece. His sandy hair, flushed cheek, quick movement, and great restlessness of body and mind, show that these animal organs are still farther animalized by great excitability and irritability of temperament. To portray a head so very bad in all its aspects, with so few counteracting conditions, is indeed most unfavorable.

Our next inquiry appertains to his CHARACTER. Does that correspond? Can any good thing come out of such organic conditions? Not if Phrenology be true. If such developments could be shown in one who had lived a long and happy life of intelligence and virtue, I would discard this science, and oppose it as zealously as I now advocate it. Yet I am relieved of this necessity. His conduct is as despicable as his head is unfavorable. He is a finished villain. Yet he is not a states' prison convict. He is too GREAT a rogue for that. As the ancients considered crime honorable, and reproached only those who were not sufficiently cunning to escape DETECTION, so the moderns let by far the most depraved criminals go unpunished just because they are cunning enough to elude the positive PROOFS of their crimes. In fact, our worst men are least punished. Of these, Judas was one. He was once imprisoned, in the old country, and this, while it only sharpened his appetite for crime, made him cautious to prey upon his fellow-men only when there was no third person by to prove it upon him-the oath of the suffering party not being admitted as evidence, because he is an INTERESTED witness.

A few examples. He loaned a man in want five hundred dollars, and took his note, on which interest was to be paid, yet it was stipulated in writing, that, in case the borrower could return it before the maturity of the note, the interest should cease. This borrower being able to pay the money before the date specified in the note, meeting Judas on the sidewalk, told him that he was ready at any time to pay the five hundred dollars, and wanted to stop the interest. Judas very politely and plausi. bly-and rogues are generally very pleasing in address-assured him that if he would hand the money to him THEN, it would be a very great accommodation; that he was now on a borrowing expedition, and hardly knew now to turn himself; and that if he would just hand it to him then, though he had not the note in his pocket, that he would do him a great favor, and that he would hand back the note the next time they met. The

suspecting borrower handed over the five hundred dollars in the street, and in three days was served with a bank notice that the note in question was payable at a given time and place; and, having no proof that he had already paid it, and it being in third hands, he had to pay it again.

Judas bought an interest in some mine owned by an honest, unsusnecting man, and then persuaded his daughter, a girl of fifteen, to swear a rape on the old man, so that he was thrown into prison, where he remained a long time, till pardoned out by Governor Seward. Meanwhile, Judas sold the mine and absconded with the avails.

He is now doing a thriving business, in which 12 1-2 cents occur probably hundreds of times per day. Give him a hundred quarters and he will generally hand you back ten cents, or possibly eleven, and politely say that his pennies are out, that he will remember it next time, and much to the like effect. If you insist on having the exact change—and few men will stand on a penny-he will detain you, and then invariably keep the odd half cent, by which he clears several dollars every day.

He also has occasion for the services of many boys. These he advertises to take on TRIAL, and after keeping them several months, tells them they do not answer his purpose, and thus gets rid of paying them any. thing. This is a uniform practice. Recently, however, one of those whom he thus tried to cheat out of his just dues, sued him, and recovered. Yet Judas prosecutes with the utmost rigor of the law, all who do not fulfil every item of their engagements. He gives nothing except on speculation; and if tenants do not pay him every cent, he attaches all the law will let him take, and turns them unceremoniously out of doors. He joined the church-some suppose to make money out of it, partly by enhancing his custom, and partly to be purser-for suspected unfaithfulness in which he was cast out. Pay such a dog, and he will bark for you,

but bite you every time he can.

His anger is most violent and ungovernable. He loves some of the members of his family, but, as might be inferred from his uncommon coronal developments, is most tyrannical and cruel to all the others. In short, his entire character is a web of depraved dispositions interwoven by one continuous tissue of depravity, the tithe of which God only knows.

And now, reader, judge from this unequivocal correspondence between development and character, and in so great extremes of both, whether Phrenology is true. Put the two together, and if you doubt, it is because you cannot reason.

This likeness furnishes a m. forcible, practical illustration of our Leading doctrine, presented in the preceding volume, that shape is as organization, and organization as character-that beauty of exterior is accompanied by exquisiteness and perfection of the mentality, but that innate depravity of mind is arrayed in an exterior unforbidding, and out of proportion, if not repulsive; of which, however, in its proper place.

ARTICLE XVII.

ADHESIVENESS-ITS DEFINITION, LOCATION, AND ADAPTATION.

A new commandment give I unto you, that ye LOVE one another." "Love is the fulfilling of the law."

28. LARGE ADHESIVENESS.

FRIENDSHIP; the SOCIAL INSTINCT; love of SOCIETY; desire and ability to CONGREGATE, ASSOCIATE, VISIT, form and reciprocate ATTACHMENTS, entertain FRIENDS, and seek COMPANY; CORDIALITY. Located an inch and a half upward and outward from Parental Love at 3. Or thus: place one angle of an equilateral triangle, the sides of which are an inch and a half long, on Parental Love, and the other two angles will be on the two lobes of Adhesiveness. It is large in the accompanying engraving. It joins Parentiveness.

LARGE Adhesiveness loves company, forms friends easily, and seeks their society often; is confiding and cordial, and liable to be easily influenced by friends; trusts in them, and will not believe wrong of them; has many friends, and takes great pleasure in their society; places friends before business; and feels lost when separated from them, and almost distracted at their death.

SMALL Friendship is cold, unsocial, averse to company, uncongenial, unconfiding, forms attachments slowly, and then breaks them for slight causes, and places business and the other faculties before friendship. Such have few friends, and usually many enemies.

ADAPTED to man's requisition for society, combination, and community