DR. CHALMERS'S BRAIN.

The following, calculated to stagger the wavering and confirm the skeptical, deserves, perhaps, a passing answer:

66

Phrenology is rather at fault regarding Dr. Chalmers. From the largeness of his head externally, and the peculiarity of his mental temperament, the leading craniologists have long spoken of him as of necessity possessing a large brain; but the post mortem inspection of the encephalon has disabused this idea. Thus, the weight of brain in Dupuytren was 64 oz., in Cuvier 63, in Abercrombie 63, in Chalmers 53; the average weight, in persons from fifty to sixty years of age, being 50 oz. 2 drachms."

Who so simple as not to see that, as far as this overthrows any thing, it overthrows, not the phrenological doctrine that one part of the brain performs one mental function, and another another, but that THE BRAIN IS THE ORGAN of the mind, which our opponents maintain quite as firmly as we do.

Besides, we can answer it-they can't. Chalmers had a large frontal lobe, and hence his INTELLECTUAL organs might have been relatively larger than Dupuytren's, or Cuvier's, and yet the aggregate volume of his brain less. See how our opponents spit in their own faces, but don't begin to reach ours. I see not how this fact bears in the least degree against our science.

ACQUISITIVENESS.

It is difficult to conceive to what extent this master passion of the human mind controls the world. There is, perhaps, no passion of the soul subject to greater perversions than Acquisitiveness-originally good, and implanted in the mind for a wise purpose, and holding a conservative place in a well-organized mind, yet, when brought into subjection to the baser passions of our nature, nothing can be more degrading to the human character.

We have seldom seen a better illustration of the truth of the science of Phrenology, than in the character and craniological development of an idle vagabond who was arraigned before Justice Eddy, the other day, charged with larceny. The fellow appeared to have stolen, indiscriminately, from the clergyman's clothes-line, the rumseller's barn, the apothecary's shop, and the meeting-house; wearing-apparel and bed-linen, harness and gearing, the physician's saddle, and the church's bible and hymn-book, were found secreted in the vicinity of his house; and in his house was found a pet kitten, the property of a little girl, which had been stolen. On examination of his head, we found it to present the organs of Acquisitiveness and Secretiveness full, with a very great diminution in the organs of the perceptive and reflective faculties-not even enough of intellect to enable him to HIDE well, with all his secretiveness. Causality, however, was pretty well developed, though affording little benefit, unassisted as it was by either Perception or Comparison. All the moral organs, too, were wofully deficient. Even Self-Esteem and Approbativeness were very small. This conformation made a thief who would steal for the LOVE of stealing. We have seen persons who are too conscientious to steal a bible from the sacred desk, and have too much veneration to steal a hymn-book from the church, who kept “an eye single” to the "almighty dollar."

Those persons having Acquisitiveness full, and the intellectual faculties deficient, appropriate this organ exclusively to the acquisition of property; whereas, one of the USES of this organ, as designed by the Creator, was to enable man to acquire knowledge, virtue, goodness, and the means of conferring happiness upon others.-Mishawaka Bee.

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ARTICLE XLIX.

THE PHRENOLOGICAL CHARACTER OF NICHOLAS THE FIRST, EMPEROR OF ACCOMPANIED WITH A BIOGRAPHY AND LIKENESS.

RUSSIA.

THAT our nation leads off in the great race of human progression, is obvious, yet other nations are also following at a rapid rate. Of the latter, Russia, under the reign of its present people-loving monarch, furnishes a noble example, most gratifying to all the lovers of our race.

For centuries she has remained stationary, till Nicholas, in good earnest, undertook the herculean labor of regenerating his empire. Opposed by the entire force of the aristocracy and officials of his realm, and even by many whom he sought to liberate from serfdom and raise to freedom, he has braved every obstacle, and, for once in the world's history, wielded despotic power for the good of the subject. Of such a reformer, the biography and organization, cerebral and physiological, possesses peculiar interest.

His physical conformation, as seen by his likeness, evinces extraordinary powers of endurance, and an iron constitution, which the accompanying narrative fully confirms.

A full development of the coronal and basilar regions always accompanies this physiological conformation. Hence his great FORCE of character, and authority, as well as controlling influence. But this great index of power is accompanied by a proportion, symmetry, and even beauty of form, which former articles have shown to accompany harmony of character and goodness of feeling. The development of Ideality, so conspicuous in his head, indicates a purity and an elevation of character rarely found, as well as moral purity and love of goodness. See analysis of this faculty in our last volume, and especially in "SELF-CULTURE."

The form of his head indicates great Conscientiousness; hence that inflexible love of JUSTICE apparent throughout his biography. This, connected with predominant Firmness, indicated by the form of his head, and large Self-Esteem, apparent from his natural language, gives him his inflexibility of purpose and independence of character.

His ample perceptives-very apparent in his likeness-also deserve remark, as coinciding admirably with that quickness of perception and practical talent shown in the accompanying sketch of his life. Indeed, the coincidence between his character and organization, as seen in his likeness, furnishes both proof and illustration of the truth of our science. But to his biography.

Of the crowned heads of our age, none has attracted more notice, and none has more claims to it, than the present ruler of Russia, considered as absolute master of an empire, the like of which was never swayed by one man's sceptre; sole arbiter of half the millions of Christendom, their spiritual lord, as well as temporal, and their vicegerent of God upon earth; in whom alone are concentrated their hopes, their fears, their anxious thoughts and cares, their love and veneration. The extraordinary adaptation of individual energies to an eminence of position so unique and unapproachable, must necessarily exercise a potent influence over nations, and lead to the natural conclusion that one so endowed, and thence observed by myriads of watchful eyes constantly fixed upon him,

has been correctly read and faithfully interpreted; that the light spots, as well as dark, if there be any upon his ample disk, have been accurately pointed out and described; and that he is now fully exhibited to the world as he actually is, and not as a fabulous personage, obscured in form by mists of ignorance and all sorts of prejudice drawn from the stores of prurient imagination. The reverse of all this, however, is the fact. The more he has been studied, the less he seems to have been understood, a phenomenon which can only be accounted for by the perverseness of human temper and disposition. In his own land, indeed, he is known and appreciated; but out of it he has been systematically held up to his cotemporaries, as the third Richard of England has been handed down to posterity by the partizan writers of Lancaster and Tudor. His enemies have had all the canvas to themselves, and have accordingly produced a monstrous caricature in lieu of a portrait.

In the annals of history there is no name on which moral obloquy has been so unceasingly heaped. Hearken to the voice of the press, and you will hear only that Nicholas is a usurper, a tyrant, an epitome of all the evils possible in the worst of men, possessed of unlimited power. Cast an impartial glance at the reign of this TERRIBLE Czar, and you will be convinced at once, if you are open to conviction, that since the creation of the world, no one has been in every respect so thoroughly and wantonly misrepresented.

There can be no doubt that the indifference of Nicholas to the opinions of strangers, has largely contributed to this gigantic consummation of injustice. Satisfied of the wisdom of his own views, he follows them out without turning aside, and without heeding in the least what may be said of them abroad by mere officiousness or malice. Supported by the innate pride of character, and looking for reward and approbation exclusively to the welfare and affections of his subjects, emphatically his children, he is content to impress the character of his deeds upon the face of Russia, and is so impervious alike to the praise and censure of foreigners, that not only does he not ask, as some less magnanimous potentates have done, a foreign government to repress or punish the hideous slanders of the press daily launched against him, but he forbids all his functionaries abroad, in the most positive manner, to reply to them, or even slightly to notice them, under any pretext whatever; a fact which, by a respectful reference to any one of them, can be easily ascertained. As to his people at home, they either know nothing of the libels aimed at the sacred person of their sovereign, or repel them with scorn and indignation. (Self-Esteem and Firmness large.)

If to curb the wanton power of the strong, and to protect the weak -if to strive unremittingly to uplift the oppressed from their prostration is to be a republican, then, strangely as it may sound, this arbitrary ruler Nicholas is the most thorough-going republican this, or any age,