But now the case was different, and he felt a necessity of testing the phenomena by the laws of life which he had long studied. To his surprise, they were in perfect accordance with those laws; and no less was his wonder to find that ignorance of true philosophy alone prevented the people giving a hearty reception to the truth. To explain the connection of the life power with spirit and matter, and completely solve the above problem, is the object of this work. It is written in a popular style, and although amply illustrated with anecdote, deals more in general principles than in minute details. The medical operation of fascination is explained, and the principles are also applied as a key to discover the secrets of many of the superstitions of the world: directions for mesmerizing physiology, etc., etc.

"TEETH, THEIR STRUCTURE, DISEASES, AND TREATMENT: illustrated by numerous engravings. By John Burdell, Dentist." Than complete mastication few things are more important, as previous articles in this volume have fully shown. But to masticate well, we must have GOOD TEETH. This blessing few retain, first, because of the general and outrageous ABUSE of the teeth, and secondly, because very little care is ever taken of them. Instruction and warning on this subject are of the utmost importance. These the work before us gives, and as such is a desideratum. It is amply illustrated with engravings-fortyfour in number-and well executed. Besides containing many excellent general observations of a physiological character, it handles its subject well. He also discusses somewhat the subject of diet-as WHAT to eat, as well as how, and takes strong ground against animal food. The instruction and excellent suggestions it contains will amply repay a careful perusal, as the reader will perceive from its table of contents, as follows:

First Principles; Temporary, or Infant Teeth; Deposition and formation of the enamel; Growth of organized substances; How to ascertain the age of Trees; Irregularity of Teeth, cause, remedies, etc.; Tartar or Salivary Calculus; Diseased Teeth; Effects of artificial food on Teeth; Disease and pain; Teething, and disease of Infants; Causes of irregularity and decay of Teeth; Toothache; Sleeping and Dreaming; Headache; Dreaming and performing at the same time; Mineral poisons; Plugging Teeth; Brushing Teeth; Teeth, mouth, and digestive apparatus; Bird's Teeth; Food before eaters; Woman in her natural form; Woman in her artificial form; Offspring of Nature; Offspring of Art.

Price 12 cents, mailable. 72 pp. Fowlers & Wells, 131 Nassau st. N. Y.

Mr. B. J. GRAY, Phrenologist, who has for a long time been a student with us, and who, for the most part of two years, has made Phrenological examinations and given written descriptions of character in our office, proposes to deliver courses of lectures on the applications of Phrenology to the discernment of character, and to moral, intellectual, physical, and social education.

Those who desire the services of Mr. Gray, can make the arrangement, and send in proposals to him at 131 Nassau street, N. Y. He will be ready to meet such calls after the 1st of August next, and during the fall. He is an accurate delineator of character, and places the subject on high moral ground. Those who wish information in the great science of Human Nature, will be pleased and profited by listening to a course of lectures from him.

ARTICLE XXXV.

A PHRENOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF HARRIET MARTINEAU. BY L. N. FOWLER.*

THIS lady has a large, dense, and masculine brain; with a responding scope and comprehensiveness of mind. She has power to grasp subjects of the most difficult and intricate nature. She would not be contented to confine her thoughts, emotions, and feelings to a circumscribed sphere; but they must be constantly expanding and diffusing, as well as receiving light and knowledge. The mental temperament predominates, and her brain is mostly developed in the frontal and coronal

* From the Phrenological Almanac for 1848, just published by Fowler and Wells. VOL. IX. NO. VII.

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regions. The fibres of the intellectual lobe are unusually long, and her head is high and broad in the region of Ideality, Sublimity, and Constructiveness. The bias of her mind tends to study, reflection, and meditation, as naturally as the needle turns to the pole; and it requires to be fed by intellectual investigations. She is an ardent admirer of nature, and having very large Observation, Form, and the perceptive faculties generally, dives not only into the hidden truths of nature, and acquaints herself with the unrevealed mysteries of the workings of the human mind, but is keenly alive to the outward semblance of the divine principles as exhibited in the works of nature. Nothing escapes her notice; all that is ideal, beautiful, or sublime, finds a response within her soul, and is to her a breathing of the Infinite. Her imagination is very active, and would dispose her to live in ideal worlds of her own creation, if it were not for the counteracting and restraining tendency of her strong and masculine intellect, which sits as a pilot at the helm. One of the characteristics of the latter is large Order; hence, she does not throw out ideas confusedly, but systematizes and arranges them in a regular climax. Her Language, joined to very large' Individuality and Eventuality, imparts an excellent descriptive talent of all she sees, feels, hears, or thinks. She has the power to embody the most uninteresting fact in vivid, impressive language, to such an extent that it seems to be invested with new life, and filled with a new spirit. She can converse with ease and fluency on any subject, but is more gifted as a writer. Her moral brain exerts a decided influence on her character. She has high-toned moral feelings, is sympathetic, intereșted in the advancement and improvement of the mass of the people, anxious to do good and promote happiness, is strictly conscientious, and has great faith in spiritual influences. She is decidedly ambitious and persevering, has a high standard of excellence constantly before her, and with "Excelsior" for her motto, she renews her efforts with untiring diligence, till she has accomplished her high schemes and purposes. She has great powers of application and continuity, and is better adapted by nature to occupy an elevated station in life-one that requires a great degree of intellectua} power to sustain-than as a private woman in the retirement of domestic life.

Miss Martineau is a native of Norwich, England. She is acknowledged, by those who are familiar with her numerous writings, to be 66 one of the clearest-headed, soundest-hearted, and ablest-minded women of the age."

As a proof of her superior talents as a writer, the following fact will testify: In 1830, there was an advertisement in the Monthly Repository, by the committee of the British and Foreign Unitarian Associations, offering a premium for the production of three tracts, to be approved by them, the object of which should be the introduction and promotion of

Christian Unitarianism among the Roman Catholics, the Mahometans, and the Jews, respectively. Three distinct sets of judges were appointed to decide on the merits of the essays which were forwarded in consequence of this notice. The result was, there were three selected as the best or better than all the others. It was discovered that these were written by the same author-and that author-a woman—and that woman-HARRIET MARTINEau.

ARTICLE XXXVI.

FIRMNESS-ITS DEFINITION, FUNCTION, ADAPTATION, AND CULTIVATION.

"Perseverance conquers all things."

No. 38. ORDINAUX.

DECISION of character; PERSEVERANCE; STABILITY; FIXEDNESS of purpose; TENACITY of opinion; AVERSION to change. Its name is perfectly expressive of its function.

LARGE Firmness is set in its own way; sticks to and carries out what it commences; holds on long and hard, and continues to the end.

SMALL Firmness yields to difficulties; is easily changed; vacillating, fickle-minded, and cannot be depended upon. Large in John Ordinaux, a privateer of extraordinary obstinacy of purpose; but small in two of the cuts used to illustrate Conscientiousness.

IMMUTABILITY is written upon every law of nature. God is unchange. able. And what disasters would happen if he were not! Can the everlasting mountain be removed, the sun stayed, or any of nature's ordinances be arrested?

Man, too, requires stability and peseverance. After he has sown, he must wait patiently or the products of his labor to mature. Many ends can be effected only by long-continued application, and many obstacles overcome only by the labor of a LIFETIME. "Perseverance conquers all things," while fickleness accomplishes nothing, but undoes to-day what it did yesterday. Intellectual acquirements are not the growth of a day, or even a year, but of an age; and great moral excellence, unlike Jonah's gourd, does not spring up or wither in a night, but is produced by the HABITUAL practice of virtue from youth to death. Many kinds of business can be rendered profitable only by expending years of patient toil in building them up. "Perseverance and shovels remove mountains." Indeed, scarcely any truly valuable end can be brought about in a hurry, and, in general, the greater the good the longer the toil requisite to effect it. Some obstacles Combativeness can overcome with dispatch, yet, in general, a long time is required to obviate evils and secure good. To this element of stability in nature, and demand for steady perseverance in man, Firmness is adapted. Without it little good can be effected, little evil successfully resisted; but before its iron tread, difficulties, otherwise insurmountable, vanish, and temptations flee abashed. Nor can any man become distinguished for anything great or good without it. A faculty thus important to success should therefore be assiduously cultivated.

To increase it, consider the inducements held out as rewards to perseverance. Give up nothing till it is completed. Let no obstacle turn you from your proposed course. Have a mind and will of your own, and never allow yourself to be persuaded contrary to your better judgment. Steadily resist temptation, and remember that those who hold out unto the END alone are crowned. Especially, never yield in the least where RIGHT is concerned. MORAL decision is a virtue of the highest order. Firmness and Conscientiousness are located side by side, and should always support each other. Hope is also located upon the two sides of the fore part of Firmness, so as to work in conjunction with it; and certainly nothing is calculated to excite Firmness more than confident hopes of success, and the two combined form one of the strongest elements of efficiency and success. To cultivate it in youth, be careful not to require them to do what they cannot complete, and not allow them to leave anything unfinished. Let them be taught to accomplish all they begin. Making children servile, and requiring strict obedience, is apt to weaken this faculty. The author knows a severe, austere, tyrannical father, who has children whom he rules with a rod of iron. In one of them, Firmness has degenerated to almost nothing, and in the other increased to almost obstinacy, probably because the former, a daughter, had her Firmness subdued by his tyranny, while the same discipline only excited and increased that of the other to mulish stubbornness.

Parents should always hold an even hand with their children. They should not be one thing to-day, and another to-morrow, but be uniform in all their requirements; and when they undertake, should always carry through.-o. s. Fowler.