And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together; and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child put his hand on the cockatrice's den. They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain: for the earth,' that is our earthly tabernacle, 'shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea.""

The Phrenological Almanac of 1845, by L. N. Fowler, from which this likeness is copied, makes the following just observations on his phrenological organization, and quotes Geo. Combe's biographical notice of him.

"His head presents the phrenological developments which indicate the presence of great Moral and Intellectual power; of profundity of thought; strong power of reasoning, clearness of judgment, great originality of conception, a high order of resolution and moral courage, together with unbending integrity and regard for obligation and justice. With his large and fully organized brain, aided by the active and enduring temperament, derived from the Nervous and Bilious, he presents the precise organization for a thorough, persevering, indefatigable, and energetic reformer. His personal influence, aside from that exercised by his views and reasoning, should have been considerable. The following is a description of his character, taken from Combe's Tour,' vol. i. page 230, whose illustration of the head is in perfect accordance with the above, which was given without any acquaintance whatever with this corroborative testimony :

"Elias Hicks was born on Long Island, in 1748, and died in 1830. When about twenty years of age, he embraced the principles of the Society of Friends, and in due time became a minister, and, for more than fifty years, he labored with unwearied diligence for the instruction and benefit of his fellow-men. He travelled through almost every State in the Union, as well as into Canada several times, scrupulously avoiding any gratuity or reward for his multiplied and protracted labors. The testimonies which his Society held before the world, he bore patiently and fearlessly, urging them on the consciences of his hearers, in a manner which did not permit them to be indifferent, and with a zeal which demanded and secured the attention of those whom he addressed.

666

Large numbers listened and crowded around him to hear the joyful tidings which he had to bear. He was at all times the friend of freedom of conscience, thought and action, and the able and unceasing advocate of human rights. The African and Indian were never forgotten by him, but were embraced within the circle of his benevolenoe. He was in early life deeply impressed with the injustice and cruelty of keeping slaves, and was among the first who brought the subject frequently and forcibly before the members of his religious society. It was some time before his friends could unite with him, but where principle was involved, his perseverance was unabating, and his resolution immovable. He was truly a peace-maker; in all his relations in life, kind and affectionate; and his manners were peculiarly distinguished by a patriarchal simplicity and unaffected goodness. He labored diligently with his own hands, believing it to be the duty of all to be usefully employed in obtaining the necessaries of life.'"

ARTICLE XIX.

PHILOPROGENITIVENESS: ITS DEFINITION, LOCATION, AND ADAPTATION. PARENTAL love; attachment to our own children; interest in young children generally.

To find this organ, draw a line from the eye to the top of the ear, and continue it on to the middle of the back of the head, under which point it is located. It is large in the accompanying female head, but small in that of Mr. J. Johnson.

LARGE Philoprogenitiveness loves darling infancy and budding childhood with an intensity and fervor proportionate to its size and activity, and the more so if they are our own, and forbears with their faults. It loves the young and helpless as such, and delights to administer to their wants; loves to play with them, and see them play; and takes an interest in the young generally. It also loves to feed and tend stock, the young of animals, and succor the helpless.

SMALL Philoprogenitiveness does not love or take an interest in children, does not make due allowance for their errors, and is too austere, distant, and perhaps severe toward them.

In case all mankind had been brought forth in the full possession of all their physical and mental powers, capable, from the first, of taking abundant care of themselves, without requiring parents to supply a single want, this faculty would have been out of place; for then it would have had nothing to do. But the FACT is far otherwise. Man enters the world in a condition perfectly helpless. Infants require a great amount of care and nursing. Without its stimulus to provide for and watch over infancy, every child must inevitably perish, and our race become extinct. To this

INFANTILE Condition of mankind, and consequent requisition for care and provision, this faculty is adapted. And who as well qualified to bestow these attentions as parents upon their own children? That provision by which all parents love their own children better than those of others, is most beautiful in itself, and perfectly calculated to nurse and educate the race. PARENTAL LOVE-attachment to our own children AS OURS-is then the distinctive office of this faculty. None but PARENTS can ever experience the thrilling delights of parental love, or grieve like them over their loss. The thought that they are "bone of our bone and flesh of our flesh," endears them to us by ties the most tender and powerful, which are still farther enhanced if begotten or born by a dearly beloved husband or wife.

This faculty is more especially adapted to the infantile state, and its helplessness and need of care; and the younger and more needy the child, the stronger this faculty. Hence mothers always love their weakest and most sickly children most.

Nature therefore requires, in and by the very creation of this faculty, that we LOVE and PROVIDE FOR our children. The existence of this faculty imposes an obligation upon all who become parents, to make all due exertion both for their physical wants and moral training. To usher immortals into existence, and then leave them to suffer for the necessaries of life, and above all, to let them grow up ignorant and depraved, is most

wicked. And the higher we can carry those in the scale of improvement who owe their existence to us, the more perfectly we fulfil our duties to them, and obey the commands of God, uttered through the institutes of nature. But wo to those who disobey these injunctions.

It should therefore be cultivated. Parents are in duty bound to love their children, as much as to eat, or worship; because, being a primitive faculty of the mind, its vigorous exercise becomes an IMPERIOUS NATURAL DUTY. But are not most of us deficient in this respect? Would not our own happiness, both absolutely and in our children, be promoted by its cultivation? Should not the most tender regard be manifested for them in all our conversation and intercourse with them? Should anything be allowed to interrupt or mar the most perfect intimacy and union of feeling between us and them? Are scolding and beating them in perfect accordance with the nature and powerful exercise of this faculty? Is even a distant, austere, harsh, or petulant manner of speaking and acting, compatible with that perfect love which this faculty was created to secure? Should not parents even play with them, and be on terms of the most perfect familiarity? Should it not be our constant study to promote their happiness and advancement in all those little affairs of life which being so much with them facilitates? Should they not be indulged in whatever is for their good, and denied only what is injurious, or beyond our means? This crabbed, fault-finding, authoritative manner of treating them, is in open violation of that law of LOVE which this faculty was ordained to "He that loveth not his own household is worse than an infidel." FORBEARANCE toward them is another natural product of this faculty. Most of those thousand things on account of which we scold them are childish sports, and perfectly innocent on their part. Perhaps it is for their incessant activity. This they can no more help than breathe, and without it they would die. But we shall touch a kindred point hereafter. What we wish to impress is, the duty and importance of LOVING THEM

secure.

DEVOTEDLY.

To promote this love, parents and children should be separated as little as possible. None but parents can possibly supply the place of parents. Their guardianship and healthful influences should be perpetual. Hence, sending them from home to be educated violates this faculty, and is therefore wrong. It also measurably cuts off that controlling power of parents over their children, which uninterrupted intercourse would strengthen. In short, nothing can be more clear than that, from the analysis of this faculty, PARENTS should be the main EDUCATORS of the INTELLECTS and FORMERS of the MORALS of their children, as, by common consent, they are now the providers for their physical wants-a principle often implied in the Journal, and now demonstrated.

By a law of things, the influence of parents over their children should be complete, almost despotic; but it should be the despotism of LOVE, not of fear. Parents were ordained to love their children partly, if not mainly, to awaken the reciprocal love of their children in return, in ORDER to give them this power over their yet plastic characters, so that they may mould them at pleasure. Children naturally love those who love them. They soon know who like them, and they cling around them, clamber on their knees, and make free to play with them, and surrender themselves voluntary subjects to their power. This, all must have observed. And what unbounded influence such affection confers on those

66

beloved over those who love! What could as effectually secure parental forbearance or servitude as parental LOVE? This love makes parents perfect drudges, ay, even abject SLAVES, to their children. Then will not getting the affections of children make them as perfect slaves to you, as you to them? I repeat, GET THEIR LOVE FIRst. Till then, try to do nothing. However bad their conduct, say nothing, do nothing, which shall weaken their love. Say everything, do everything, to rivet that love FIRST: govern afterward. And to do this, LOVE THEM. Children like those who like them. Caress children. Cultivate good feeling with them. Above all things, MAKE THEM HAPPY. That this happiness is the great basis of all love, is fully shown in the author's work on Matri. mony." To get a child's love is the most easy thing in the world. They have a faculty of FILIAL affection, located by the side of Parental Love, which appreciates these blessings showered from the hand of parental love. Give a child its daily bread without unkindness, and that child will love you. It is natural for children to look up with a dutiful, affectionate eye to those who feed and clothe them. Much more so when you caress them. Children naturally love those who treat them kindly; much more their parents, who should treat them affectionately. Caress children, and gratify them as often as possible, by taking them out to walk or ride, by feeding their intellects, and making them presents of toys, garments, etc., and any child will feel spontaneous love and gratitude to its benefactor. Affection and gratitude are indigenous in the soil of the youthful heart, and they are virtues which should by all means be cultivated. This, those who have the care of children have every possible opportunity of doing. They are obliged to feed and clothe them, and in doing this, their duty and pleasure, they can plant a feeling of gratitude and love in the bosom of any child, however hardened or abandoned, which can never be erased, and will make those children the most faithful servants, the most willing and obedient, imaginable. Let children but see in you a disposition to gratify them as far as is proper, and because you love them, and to deny them nothing except their own good requires it, and they will soon love you with a pathos and fervency which will make them bound with delight to fulfil your every wish. Your requests have but to be made known, and they experience the most heartfelt delight in gratifying their beloved benefactor. Pursue this course a

single year, and the worst child that ever was will be subdued by it. There is no withstanding its power. Kindness will melt a heart of stone, and produce kindness in return.

And what facilities for gaining their affections, and of course exerting this power, at all to be compared to those enjoyed by parents? That very care which this faculty requires and induces parents to bestow upon their children, gives the former a constant succession of opportunities the most favorable for getting their love. And were these opportunities thrust upon them for naught? Were they not created to be IMPROVED? Does not the mere fact of their existence show that they should be exercised? Every garment we procure, every meal we provide for them, every constantly returning want we supply, furnishes a fresh opportunity for awak. ening in their susceptible souls new emotions of gratitude and love, by improving which it is possible to make them love us so tenderly and devotedly that they will almost lay down their lives for our sakes-will at 'east do everything we require of them, and avoid doing anything to dis