PREFACE. OR the present edition of Bryan's "Dictionary of Painters and Engravers," the two editors. FOR thus divide the responsibility: for the general form of the work, as well as the whole of the first volume and the letter L in the second volume, Mr. R. E. Graves is responsible; for the rest, Mr. Walter Armstrong. Since the appearance of the last edition in 1849, the development of connoisseurship, chiefly through the help of photography; and the publication of many valuable works on art and artists, embodying the results of careful research among city records, guild books, and church registers, particularly in Italy and in the Netherlands, has furnished much new material for the correction and enlargement of such a dictionary as this. More especially are the Editors indebted to the invaluable works of Messrs. Crowe and Cavalcaselle, Burckhardt, Milanesi, and Morelli on the Italian painters, of Messrs. Crowe and Cavalcaselle, Weale, Bredius, Bode and Kramm on Flemish and Dutch art, and of the late Sir William Stirling Maxwell and D. Pedro de Madrazo, on the artists of Spain. Dealing, as a dictionary does, with facts rather than with criticism, the labours of preceding writers must necessarily be used with a frequency which makes special acknowledgment in every case impossible, but the Editors trust they will not be found to have placed themselves under any obligations that may not be frankly acknowledged. Besides the addition of a large number of names, new authority has been given to every one of the old entries by a careful revision, and in most instances by important changes. In several cases the notices have been supplied by contributors specially qualified for the task; a list of these, with their distinguishing initials, is given below. Among the improvements is a more scientific arrangement of the names, of which the following is the plan: |