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of life, and tenders me the most anxious, miserable man on earth. My wife, who was the only child and darling care of an indulgent mother, employed her early years in learning all those accomplishments we generally understand by good-breeding and polite education. She sings, dances, plays on the lute and harpsichord, paints prettily, is a perfect mistress of the French tongue, and has made a considerable progress in Italian. She is besides excellently skilled in all domestic sciences, as preserving, pickling, pastry, making wines of fruits of our own growth, embroidering, and needleworks of every kind. Hitherto, you will be apt to think there is very little cause of complaint; but suspend your opinion till I have further explained myself, and then, I make no question, you will come over to mine. You are not to imagine I find fault that she possesses or takes delight in the exercises of those qualifications I just now mentioned; 'tis the immoderate fondness she has to them that I lament, and that what is only designed for the innocent amusement and recreation of life is become the whole bu-needless to be at any expense in apparel or learnsiness and study of hers. The six months we are in town (for the year is equally divided between that and the country), from almost break of day till noon, the whole morning is laid out in practising with her several masters; and, to make up the losses occasioned by her absence in summer, every day in the week their attendance is required; and as they are all people eminent in their professions, their skill and time must be recompensed accordingly. So how far these articles extend, I leave you to judge. Limning, one would think, is no expensive diversion; but, as she manages the matter, 'tis a very considerable addition to her disbursements; which you will easily believe, when you know she paints fans for all her female acquaintance, and and draws all her relations' pictures in miniature; the first must be mounted by nobody but Colmar, and the other set by nobody but Charles Mather. What follows is still much worse than the former; for, as I told you she is a great artist at her needle, 'tis incredible what sums she expends in embroidery; for, besides what is appropriated to her personal use, as mantuas, petticoats, stomachers, handkerchiefs, purses, pin-cushions, and working-aprons, she keeps four French Protestants continually employed in making divers pieces of superfluous furniture, as quilts, toilets, hangings for closets, beds, windowcurtains, easy chairs, and tabourets; nor have I any hopes of ever reclaiming her from this extravagance, while she obstinately persists in thinking it a notable piece of good housewifery, because they are made at home, and she has had some share in the performance. There would be no end of relating to you the particulars of the annual charge, in furnishing her store-room with a profusion of pickles and preserves; for she is not contented with having every thing, unless it be done every way, in which she consults an hereditary book of receipts; for her female ancestors have been always famed for good housewifery, one of whom is made immortal, by giving her nanie to an eye-water and two sorts of paddings. I cannot undertake to recite all her medicinal preparations, as salves, sere-cloths, powders, confects. cordials, ratafia, persico, orange-flower, and cherry-brandy, together with innumerable sorts of simple waters. But there is nothing I lay so much to my heart as that detestable catalogue of counterfeit wines, which derive their names from the fruits,

herbs, or trees, of whose juices they are chiefly compounded. They are loathsome to the taste, and perinicious to the health; and as they seldom survive the year, and then are thrown away, under a false pretence of frugality, I may affirm they stand me in more than if I entertained all our visitors with the best burgundy and champaign. Coffee, chocolate, and green, imperial, peco, and bohea teas, seem to be trifles; but when the proper appurte nances of the tea-table are added, they swell the account higher than one would imagine. I cannot conclude without doing her justice in one article; where her frugality is so remarkable, I must not deny her the merit of it, and that is in relation to her children, who are all confined, both boys and girls, to one large room in the remotest part of the house, with bolts on the doors and bars to the windows, under the care and tuition of an old woman, who had been dry-nurse to her grandmother. This is their residence all the year round; and, as they are never allowed to appear, she prudently thinks it ing. Her eldest daughter to this day would have neither read nor wrote, if it had not been for the butler, who being the son of a country attorney, has taught her such a hand as is generally used for engrossing bills in chancery. By this time I have sufficiently tired your patience with my domestic grievances; which I hope you will agree could not well be contained in a narrow compass, when you consider what a paradox I undertook to maintain in the beginning of my epistle, and which manifestly appears to be but too melancholy a truth. And now I heartily wish the relation I have given of my misfortunes may be of use and benefit to the public. By the example I have set before them, the truly virtuous wives may learn to avoid these errors which have so unhappily misled mine, and which are visibly, these three-First, in mistaking the proper objects of her esteem, and fixing her affections upon such things as are only the trappings and decorations of her sex. Secondly, in not distinguishing what becomes the different stages of life. And, lastly, the abuse and corruption of some excellent qualities, which, if circumscribed within just bounds, would have been the blessing and prosperity of her family; but, by a vicious extreme, are like to be the bane and destruction of it.”—T.

At the date of this paper a noted toyman in Fleet-street.

No. 328.*] MONDAY, MARCH 17, 1711-12.

Delectata illa urbanitate tam stulta.-PETRON. ARB. Delighted with unaffected plainness. THAT useful part of learning which consists in emendations, knowledge of different readings, and the like, is what in all ages persons extremely wise and learned have had in great veneration. For this reason I cannot but rejoice at the following epistle, which lets us into the true author of the letter to Mrs. Margaret Clark, part of which I did myself the honour to publish in a former paper. I must confess I do not naturally affect critical learning; but finding myself not so much regarded as I am

As many of our readers may be pleased to see, “in puris naturalibus, the original paper, in room of which the present number was very early substituted, and as this curiosity may now be inoffensively gratified, it is here faithfully reprinted from the copy in folio, in its order, marked as at first, No. 328,

only with the addition of an asterisk. It had the signature T

at the bottom; but see the desire annexed to the short letter in the following note, both which made the concluding part of No. 330 in the original publication of these papers infolio.

one on purpose, and some trifle or other for a token of my love; but I hope there is nothing lost for that neither. So, hoping you will take this letter in good part, and answer it with what care and speed you can, "Yours, if my own,

apt to flatter myself I may deserve from some pro-
fessed patrons of learning, I could not but do myself
the justice to show I am not a stranger to such cru-
dition as they smile upon, if I were duly encouraged,
However, this is only to let the world see what II rest and remain
could do; and I shall not give my reader any more of
this kind, if he will forgive the ostentation I show
at present.

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"Upon reading your paper of yesterday, I took the pains to look out a copy I had formerly taken, and remembered to be very like your last letter: comparing them, I found they were the very same; and have, underwritten, sent you that part of it which you say was torn off. I hope you will insert it, that posterity may know 'twas Gabriel Bullock that made love in that natural style of which you seem to be so fond. But, to let you see I have other manuscripts in the same way, I have sent you enclosed three copies, faithfully taken by my own hand from the originals, which were wrote by a Yorkshire gentleman of a good estate to Madam Mary, and an uncle of hers, a knight very well known by the most ancient gentry in that and several other counties of Great Britain. I have exactly followed the form and spelling. I have been credibly informed that Mr. William Bullock, the famous comedian, is the descendant of this Gabriel, who begot Mr. William Bullock's great-grandfather on the body of the above-mentioned Mrs. Margaret Clark. As neither Speed, nor Baker, nor Selden, take notice of it, I will not pretend to be positive; but desire that the letter may be reprinted, and what is here recovered may be in Italics.

"I am, Sir,

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"Sweepston, Leicestershire.

"MR. GABRIEL BULLOCK, "now my father is dead. When the coal carts come, I shall send oftener; and may come in one of them myself." "For Sir William to go to london at westminster remember a parlement, "SIR,

"William, i hope that you are well. i write to let you know that i am in trouble about a lady your nease; and i do desire that you will be my friend; for when i did com to see her at your ball, i was mighty Abuesed. i would fain a see you at topecliff, and thay would not let me go to you; but desire that you will be our friends, for it is no dishonour neither for you nor she, for God did make us all. i wish that i might see yu, for they say that you are a good man; and many doth wounder at it, but madam norton is abuesed and ceated two i be lieve. i night a had many a lady, but I con have none but her with a good consons, for there is a God that know our hearts. if you and madum norton will come to York, there i shill meet you, if God be willing, and if you be pleased. so be not angterie till you know the trutes of things.

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"I give my to me lady, aud

to Mr. Aysenby, and to madam norton, Mend the 19th, 1706."

"This is for madam mary norton disforth Lady she went to York.

so if

"Your daily Reader." "To her I very much respect, Mrs. Margaret Clark. "Lovely, and oh that I could say loving Mrs. "Madam Mary. Deare loving sweet lady, i Margaret Clark, I pray you let affection excuse pre- hope you are well. Do not go to london, for they sumption. Having been so happy as to enjoy the will put you in the nunnery; and heed not Mrs. sight of your sweet countenance and comely body Lucy what she saith to you, for she wili ly and ceat sometimes when I had occasion to buy treacle or you. go from to another place, and we will gate liquorish powder at the apothecary's shop, I am so wed so with speed. mind what i write to you, for if enamoured with you, that I can no more keep close they gate you to london they will keep you there; my flaming desire to become your servant. And I and so let us gate wed, and we will both go. am the more bold now to write to your sweet self, you go to london, you rucing yourself. so heed not because I am now my own man, and may match what none of them saith to you; let us gate wed, where I please; for my father is taken away; and and we shall lie to gader any time. i will do any now I am come to my living, which is ten yard land thing for you to my poore. i hope the devil will and a house; and there is never a yard of land in faile them all, for a hellish company there be, from our field but is as well worth ten pounds a year as a their cursed trick and mischiefus ways good lord thief's worth a halter; and all my brothers and sis-bless and deliver both you and me. ters are provided for: besides I have good house"I think to be at York the 24 day." hold stuff, though I say it, both brass and pewter, linens and woollens; and though my house be thatched, yet if you and I match, it shall go hard but I will have one half of it slated. If you shall think well of this motion, I will wait upon you as soon as my new clothes are made, and hay-harvest is in. I could, though I say it, have good matches in our town; but my mother (God's peace be with her) i charged me on her death-bed to marry a gentlewoman, one who had been well trained up in the sowing and cookery. I do not think but that if you and I can agree to marry, and lay our means together, I shali be made grand juryman ere two or three years come about, and that will be a great credit to us." If I could have got a messenger for sixpence, I would have sent

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"This is for madam mary norton to go to london for a

lady that belongs to dishforth.

"Madam Mary, i hope you are well. i am soary that you went away from York, deare loving sweet lady, i writt to let you know that i do remain faithfull; and if can let ne know where i can meet you,

will wed you, and I will do any thing to my poor; for you are a good woman, and will be a loving Misteris. i am in troubel for you, so if you will come to york i will wed you. so with speed come, and I will have none but you. so, sweet love, heed not what to say to me, and with speed come; beed not what none of them say to you; your Maid makes you believe ought.

See No. 324, and note, where this letter is given 'mper fectly, and supplied otherwise.

**So deare love think of Mr. george Nillson with speed; i sent 2 or 3 letters before.

"I gave misteris elcock some nots, and thay put me in pruson all the night for me pains, and non new wheat i was, and I did gat cold.

“But it is for mrs. Lucy to go a good way from home, for in york and round about she is known; to writ any more her deeds, the same will tell hor soul is black within, hoi corkis stinks of hell. "March 19th, 1706."*

No. 329.] TUESDAY, MARCH 18, 1711-12
Ire tamen restat, Numa quo devenit et Ancus.
HOR. 1 Ep. vi. 27.
With Ancus, and with Numa, kings of Rome,
We must descend into the silent tomb.

My friend Sir Roger de Coverley told me t'other night, that he had been reading my paper upon Westminster-abbey, in which, says he, there are a great many ingenious fancies. He told me at the same time, that he observed, I had promised another paper upon the tombs, and that he should be glad to go and see them with me, not having visited them since he had read history. I could not imagine at first how this came into the knight's head, till I recollected that he had been busy all last summer upon Baker's Chronicle, which he has quoted several times in his disputes with Sir Audrew Freeport since his last coming to town. Accord ingly I promised to call upon him the next morning, that we might go together to the abbey.

I found the knight under the butler's hands, who always shaves him. He was no sooner dressed, than he called for a glass of the widow Truby's water, which he told me he always drank before he went abroad. He recommended me a dram of it at the same time, with so much heartiness, that I could not forbear drinking it. As soon as I had got it down, I found it very unpalatable; upon which the knight, observing that I had made several wry faces, told me that he knew I should not like it at first, but that it was the best thing in the world against the stone or gravel.

of a sudden turning short to one of his servants, who stood behind him, he bid him call a hackneycoach, and take care it was an elderly man that drove it.

He then resumed his discourse upon Mrs. Truby's water, telling me that the widow Truby was one who did more good than all the doctors and apothe caries in the country; that she distilled every poppy that grew within five miles of her; that she distributed her water gratis among all sorts of people: to which the knight added, that she had a very great jointure, and that the whole country would fain have it a match between him and her; "and truly," says Sir Roger, "if I had not been engaged, perhaps I could not have done better."

His discourse was broken off by his man's telling him he had called a coach. Upon our going to it. after having cast his eye upon the wheels, he asked the coachman if his axle-tree was good; upon the fellow's telling him he would warrant it, the knight turned to me, told me he looked like an honest man, and went in without further ceremony.

We had not gone far, when Sir Roger, popping out his head, called the coachman down from his box, and, upon presenting himself at the window, asked him if he smoked. As I was considering what this would end in, he bid him stop by the way at any good tobacconist's, and take in a roll of their best Virginia. Nothing material happened in the remaining part of our journey, till we were set down at the west end of the abbey.

As we went up the body of the church, the knight pointed at the trophies upon one of the new monuments, and cried out, "A brave man,. I warrant him!" Passing afterward by Sir Cloudesly Shovel, he flung his hand that way, and cried, "Sir Cloudesly Shovel! a very gallant man." As we stood before Busby's tomb, the knight uttered himself again after the same manner: "Dr. Busby! a great man! he whipped my grandfather; a very great man! I should have gone to him myself, if I had not been a blockhead: a very great man!"

We were immediately conducted into the little chapel on the right hand. Sir Roger planting himI could have wished indeed that he had ac-self at our historian's elbow, was very attenue to quainted me with the virtues of it sooner; but it was too late to complain, and i knew what he had done was out of good-will. Sir Roger told me further, that he looked upon it to be very good for a man whilst he stayed in town, to keep off infection, and that he got together a quantity of it upon the first news of the sickness being at Dantzick: when

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The following short letter, with the desire annexed to it, are sabjoined to No. 350 in the original publication of the Spectator in folio: as they evidently relate to this paper which was suppressed very soon after its original date, they are here reprinted for the first time.

MR. SPECTATOR,

March 18, 1711-12.

*The ostentation you shewed yesterday [March 17] would have been pardonable, had you provided better for the two extremities of your paper, and placed in the cne the letter R;

every thing he said, particularly to the account he gave us of the lord who had cut off the king of Morocco's head. Among several other figures, he was very well pleased to see the statesman Cecil upon his knees; and concluding them all to be great men, was conducted to the figure which represents that martyr to good housewifery who died by the prick of a needle. Upon our interpreter's telling us that she was a maid of honour to Queen Elizabeth, the family; and, after having regarded her finger for knight was very inquisitive into her name and some time, "I wonder," says he. "that Sir Richard Baker has said nothing of her in his Chronicle.",

We were then conveyed to the two coronation

chairs, where my old friend, after having heard that the stone under the most ancient of them, which was brought from Scotland, was called Jacob's pillar, sat himself down in the chair, and, looking like the figure of an old Gothic king, asked our interpreter, what authority they had to say that Jacob had ever been in Scotland? The fellow, instead of returning him an answer, told him, that he hoped his honour would pay his forfeit. I could observe Sir Roger a little ruffled upon being thus trepanned; but our guide not insisting upon his demand, the According to the emendation of the above correspondent, knight soon recovered his good humour, and whis the reader is desired, in the paper of the 17th, to read R. for Tered in my car, that if Will Wimble were with us,

la the other,

Nescio quid meditans nugarum et totus in illis.
A word to the wise.
"I am your humble Servant,
"T. TRASH."

and saw those chairs, it would go hard but he would stances, in comparison to that of his former abundget a tobacco stopper out of one or t'other of them.ance. This took away the vigour of his mind, and Sir Roger in the next place, laid his hand upon all manner of attention to a fortune which he now Edward the Third's sword, and leaning upon the thought desperate; insomuch that he died without pommel of it, gave us the whole history of the Black a will, having before buried my mother, in the Prince concluding, that in Sir Richard Baker's midst of his other misfortunes. I was sixteen years opinion, Edward the Third was one of the greatest of age when I lost my father; and an estate of 2002 princes that ever sat upon the English throne. a year came into my possession, without friend or We were then shown Edward the Confessor's guardian to instruet me in the management or entomb; upon which Sir Roger acquainted us, that joyment of it. The natural consequence of this he was the first who touched for the evil: and after-was (though I wanted no director, and soon had ward Henry the Fourth's; upon which he shook his head, and told us there was fine reading in the casualties of that reign.

Our conductor then pointed to that monument where there is the figure of one of our English kings without a head; and upon giving us to know, that the head, which was of beaten silver, had been stolen away several years since; "Some whig, I'll warrant you," says Sir Roger; you onght to lock up your kings better; they will carry off the body too, if you don't take care.'

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The glorious names of Henry the Fifth and Queen Elizabeth gave the knight great opportunities of shining, and of doing justice to Sir Richard Baker, who, as our knight observed with some surprise, had a great many kings in him, whose monuments he had not seen in the abbey.

fellows who found me out for a smart young gentleman, and led me into all the debaucheries of which I was capable), that my companions and I could not well be supplied without running into debt, which I did very frankly, till I was arrested, and conveyed, with a guard strong enough for the most desperate assassin, to a bailiff's house, where I lay four days, surrounded with very merry, but not very agreeable, company. As soon as I had extricated myself from this shameful confiuement, I reflected upon it with so much horror, that I deserted all my old acquaintanee, and took chambers in an inn of court, with a resolution to study the law with all possible applica tion. I trifled away a whole year in looking over a thousand intricacies, without a friend to apply to in any case of doubt; so that I only lived there among men, as little children are sent to school before they are capable of improvement, only to be out of harm's way. In the midst of this state of suspense, not knowing how to dispose of myself, I was cought for by a relation of mine; who, upon observing a good I must not omit, that the benevolence of my good inclination in me, used me with great familiarity, old friend, which flows out towards every one he and carried me to his seat in the country. When I converses with, made him very kind to our inter-came there he introduced me to all the good compreter, whom he looked upon as an extraordinary man: for which reason he shook him by the hand at parting, telling him, that he should be very glad to see him at his lodgings in Norfolk-buildings, and falk over these matters with him more at leisure.-L.

For my own part, I could not but be pleased to see the knight show such an honest passion for the glory of his country, and such a respectful gratitude to the memory of its princes.

pany in the county; and the great obligation I have to him for this kind notice, and residence with him ever since, has made so strong an impression upen me, that he has an authority of a father over me, founded upon the love of a brother. I have a good study of books, a good stable of horses always at my command; and, though I am not now quite

No. 330.] WEDNESDAY, MARCH 19, 1711-12. eighteen years of age, familiar converse on his part, Maxima debetur pueris reverentia

Juv. Sat. xiv. 48.

To youth the greatest reverence is due.

and a strong inclination to exert myself on mine, have had an effect upon me, that makes me acceptable wherever I go. Thus, Mr. Spectator, by this gentleman's favour and patronage, it is my own THE following letters, written by two very consi-fault if I am not wiser and richer every day I live. derate correspondents, both under twenty years of age, are very good arguments of the necessity of taking into consideration the many incidents which affect the education of youth.

"SIR,

I speak this as well by subscribing the initial letters of my name to thank him, as to incite others to an imitation of his virtue. It would be a worthy work to show what great charities are to be done without expense, and how many noble actions are lost, out of inadvertency, in persons capable of performing "I have long expected that, in the course of them, if they were put in mind of it. If a gentleyour observations upon the several parts of human man of figure in a county would make his family a life, you would one time or other fall upon a sub-pattern for sobriety, good sense, and breeding, and ject, which, since you have not, I take the liberty would kindly endeavour to influence the education to recommend to you. What I mean is, the patron- and growing prospects of the younger gentry about age of young modest men to such as are able to him, I am apt to believe it would save him a great countenance, and introduce them into the world. deal of stale beer on a public occasion, and render For want of such assistances, a youth of merit lan-him the leader of his country from their gratitude guishes in obscurity or poverty when his circum- to him, instead of being a slave to their riots and stances are low, and runs into riot and excess when tumults, in order to be made their representative. his fortunes are plentiful. I cannot make myself The same thing might be recommended to all who better understood, than by sending you a history of have made any progress in any parts of knowledge, myself, which I shall desire you to insert in your or arrived at any degree in a profession; others may paper, it being the only way I have of expressing gain preferments and fortunes from their patrons; my gratitude for the highest obligations imaginable. but I have, I hope, received from mine good habits "I am the son of a merchant of the city of Lon- and virtues. I repeat to you, Sir, my request to don, who, by many losses, was reduced from a very print this, in return for all the evil a helpless orphan luxuriant trade and credit to very narrow circum-shall ever escape, and all the good he shall receive

in this life: both which are wholly owing to this
gentleman's favour to,
Sir, Your most obedient Servant,

"MR. SPECTATOR,

"S. P."

walking in my gallery in the country, and see my ancestors, who many of them died before they were of my age, I cannot forbear regarding them as so many old patriarchs, and, at the same time, looking upon myself as an idle smock-faced young fellow. I love "I am a lad of about fourteen. I find a mighty to see your Abrahams, your Isaacs, and your Japleasure in learning. I have been at the Latin cobs, as we have them in old pieces of tapestry, with school four years. I don't know I ever played tru-beards below their girdles, that cover half the hangant, or neglected any task my master set me in my ings." The knight added, "if I would recommend life. I think on what I read in school as I go home beards in one of my papers, and endeavour to reat noon and night, and so intently, that I have often store human faces to their ancient dignity, that, gone half a mile out of my way, not minding whither upon a month's warning, he would undertake to I went. Our maid tells me she often hears me talk lead up the fashion himself in a pair of whiskers." Latin in my sleep, and I dream two or three nights I smiled at my friend's fancy; but, after we in a week I am reading Juvenal and Homer. My parted, could not forbear reflecting on the metamormaster seems as well pleased with my performances phosis our faces have undergone in this particular. as any boy's in the same class. I think, if I know my own mind, I would choose rather to be a scholar than a prince without learning. I have a very good, affectionate father; but though very rich, yet so mighty near, that he thinks much of the charges of my education. He often tells me he believes my schooling will ruin him; that I cost him God knows what in books. I tremble to tell him I want one.

I am forced to keep my pocket-money, and lay it out for a book now and then, that he don't know of. He has ordered my master to buy no more books for me, but says he will buy them himself. I asked him for Horace t'other day, and he told me in a passion he did not believe I was fit for it, but only my master had a mind to make him think I had got a great way in my learning. I am sometimes a month behind other boys in getting the books my master gives orders for. All the boys in the school, but I, have the classic authors in usum Delphini, gilt and lettered on the back. My father is often reckoning up how long I have been at school, and tells me he fears I do little good. My father's carriage so discourages me, that he makes dull and melancholy. My master wonders what is the matter with me; I am afraid to tell him; for he is a man that likes to encourage learning, and would be apt to chide my father, and, not knowing his temper, may make him worse. Sir, if You have any love for learning, I beg you would give me some instructions in this case, and persuade parents to encourage their children when they find then diligent and desirous of learning. I have heard some parents say, they would do any thing for their children, if they would but mind their learning: I would be glad to be in their place. Dear Sir, pardon my boldness. If you will but consider and pi'y my case, I will pray for your prosperity as long

me

grow

as I live.

"Your humble Servant,
"JAMES DISCIPULUS."

"London, March 2, 1711. T.

No. 331.] THURSDAY, MARCH 20, 1711-12.
Stolidam præbet tibi vellere barbam.—
PERS. Sat. ii. 28.

Holds out his foolish beard for thee to pluck.
WHEN I was last with my friend Sir Roger in
Westminster-abbey, I observed that he stood longer
than ordinary before the bust of a venerable old
man. I was at a loss to guess the reason of it;
when, after some time, he pointed to the figure, and
asked me if I did not think that our forefathers
looked much wiser in their beards than we do with
out them?"For my part," says he, “when I am

The beard, conformable to the notion of my friend Sir Roger, was for many ages looked upon as the type of wisdom. Lucian more than once rallies the philosophers of his time, who endeavoured to rival one another in beards; and represents a learned man who stood for a professorship in philosophy, as unqualified for it by the shortness of his beard.

Ælian, in his account of Zoilus, the pretended critic, who wrote against Homer and Plato, and thought himself wiser than all who had gone before him, tells us that this Zoilus had a very long beard that hung down upon his breast, but no hair upon his head, which he always kept close shaved, regarding, it seems, the hairs of his head as so many suckers, which, if they had been suffered to grow, might have drawn away the nourishment from his chin, and by that means have starved his beard.

I have read somewhere, that one of the popes refused to accept an edition of a saint's works, which were presented to him, because the saint, in his effigies before the book, was drawn without a beard. has formerly paid to beards; and that a barber was We see by these instances what homage the world not then allowed to make those depredations on the faces of the learned, which have been permitted him of late years.

Accordingly several wise nations have been so extremely jealous of the least ruffle offered to their beards, that they seem to have fixed the point of honour principally in that part. The Spaniards were wonderfully tender in this particular. Don Quevedo, in his third vision on the last judgment, has carried the humour very far, when he tells us that one of his vain-glorious countrymen, after having received sentence, was taken into custody by a couple of evil spirits; but that his guides happening to disorder his mustachios, they were forced to recompose them with a pair of curling-irons, before they could get him to file off.

If we look into the history of our own nation, we shall find that the beard flourished in the Saxon heptarchy, but was very much discouraged under the Norman line. It shot out, however, from time to time, in several reigns under different shapes. The last effort it made seems to have been in Queen Mary's days, as the curious reader may find, if he pleases to peruse the figures of Cardinal Pole. and Bishop Gardiner; though, at the same time, İ think it may be questioned, if zeal against popery has not induced our Protestant painters to extend the beards of these two persecutors beyond their natural dimensions, in order to make them appear the more terrible.

I find but few beards worth taking notice of in the reign of King James the First.

During the civil wars there appeared one, which

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