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extended to every sort of merchandise excepting only arms and munitions of war of every kind, which articles shall be subject to the special customs-house regulations of each of the contracting parties.

"The importation of any articles produced by the soil or industry of the Transvaal Republic into the dominions of Portugal, as well as the importation of any articles produced by the soil or the industry of the Portuguese dominions into the territories of the Transvaal, shall not be subject to any higher or other duties than those which are paid or shall be paid for the same articles produced by the soil or industry of any foreign country; and likewise no higher duties or taxes shall be imposed on the exportation of any articles to the Portuguese dominions or to the territories of the Transvaal Republic, than those which are paid for the exportation of the same articles to any foreign country; nor shall any prohibition or restriction be imposed on importation and exportation between the dominions of Portugal and the territories of the Transvaal Republic, which is not in like manner applicable to all other nations.

If either of the contracting parties should grant in future any special favour or articles of commerce to any other nation, that favour should be immediately extended to the other party, either absolutely, if it has been so granted to the other nation, or on stipulation of the same compensation if the concession has been conditional.

"All privileges of transit, and all premiums or gratuities and return of duties granted within the territories of one of the contracting parties on the importation or exportation of any foreign articles shall be in like manner granted to the same articles produced by the soil or the industry of the other contracting party.” (1).

This treaty was to last for 6 years. On December 11, 1875, thus, another treaty of friendship and commerce between Portugal and the Transvaal Republic was signed at Lisbon. (2). This was ratified by the Queen of Great Britain as Suzeraine of the Transvaal state, and by the King of Portugal. There was to be full and mutual liberty of commerce between the respective territories.

"The products of the soil and of the industry of the Portuguese possessions at Mozambique shall not be liable to the payment of any import duty or transit duty in the territory of the Transvaal, and vice versa.

1. State Papers, Volume 63, pp. 600-607.
State Papers, Volume 67, pp. 1,256 to 1,265.

2.

"The Republic shall be placed on the same footing as the Province of Mozambique, and shall enjoy the same advantages and facilities with respect both to importation and exportation through the ports of this province.

"The transit of the products of the soil and of the industry of the Transvaal through the Portuguese territory of the Province of Mozambique, as well as the transit through the same territory of the merchandise of any origin or nationality imported through the Bay of Lorenco Marques, and bound for the above-named Republic, shall be entirely exempt from any duties whatsoever.

"The products of the soil and industry of South Africa exported through the Bay of Lorenco Marques shall be exempt from all export duty, but shall be subject, like the goods of Portuguese origin to any light-house, quay, or other port dues. that may be customary there.

"The products of the soil of Portugal and of its transmarine possessions shall be admitted into the Transvaal and, vice versa, under the same conditions as the products of the most-favoured-nation.

"Every reduction of duty, every favour, and every privilege granted by either of the contracting parties to the commerce, to the products of the soil, or of the industry, or to the flag of any third power in any part of its dominions, shall be immediately and unconditionally extended to the other. Neither of the contracting parties shall impose upon its subjects,the commerce or the navigation of the other any restrictions, prohibitions, or duties that are not also imposed upon other nations.

"The right is, however, reserved in favour of Portugal of granting to Brazil only, special privileges, which cannot be claimed by the Transvaal in virtue of its right to the mostfavoured-nation treatment. The same right is preserved in favour of the Transvaal with respect to the Orange Free State. This treaty was to be in force for 20 years.

On February 3, 1876, a treaty of commerce and friendship was signed at Brussels between the Transvaal Republic and Belgium. (1). This treaty was slightly modified on April 21, 1888, (2), when the Transvaal was considering the fact of joining the Customs Union which was proposed. On July 10, 1885, a like treaty was signed with France, (3); on January

1. State Papers, Volume 67, pp. 82-88; Vol. 79, pp. 674 — 675. See (1).

2.

3. State Papers, Volume 76, p. 188.

22, 1885, with Germany, (1); on October 6, 1886, with Italy, (2); and with Switzerland on November 6 of the previous year. (3).

The Transvaal signed the treaty of friendship and commerce with the Orange Free State at Potchefstroom, on March 9, 1889. By Article 3 it was agreed that "neither contracting parties shall lay a higher duty on import, export or transit of any productions of its own burghers, provided the elements or chief constituent parts of the productions of industry are productions of the other country.

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Article 6: "No transit dues will be levied on goods passing through the territory of one of the contracting parties to or from the territory of the other." (4).

On April 1, 1909, an agreement between the Transvaal and Mozambique was signed at Pretoria - the Selborne Agreement. By Article 32 it was provided that "the products of the soil of the province of Mozambique shall not be liable to the payment of any import, export or transit dues in the Transvaal and vice versa.

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Article 33 (b): "The products of the industry of the Transvaal will be admitted free of duty into the province of Mozambique and vice versa if the elements or chief constituent parts thereof are the products of the soil of the Transvaal or of that province as the case may be."

Article 34: "Merchandise of any origin or nationality imported through Lorenco Marques and bound for the Transvaal shall be entirely exempt from any charges whatsoever, excepting port and warehousing charges, and the charges now known as Industrial Contribution, etc."

Article 40: "If on the establishment of a Union of the South African colonies, the Transvaal becomes a party to such a Union, the Government of the Union shall take the place of the Transvaal Government for all purposes of this Convention, but in such an event the provisions of this Convention shall only apply to the areas originally contemplated." This Convention was to be in force for 10 years and from year to year

1. Ibid., p. 512.

2. Ibid., Volume 77, pp. 594 597.

3. Ibid., Volume 76, pp. 264-268. See also Volume 75, pp. 636638 for the supplementary agreement between Portugal and the South African Republic at Lisbon on May 17, 1884, relative to the Lorenco Marques railway, etc.

4. State Papers, Volume 81, pp. 762-763.

after that until either Government shall have given one year's notice to the other of its intention to terminate it. (1).

APPENDIX IV.

Commercial treaties signed by the Orange Free State:

1. On April 1, 1874, with Belgium. (2).

2. On November 14, 1874, with the Netherlands. (3).

3. On March 10, 1876, with Portugal. (4).

4. On March 9, 1889, with the South African Republic. (5). 5. The treaty with Belgium was renewed on December 27, 1894. (6).

6. With Italy on January 9, 1890. (7).

7. The treaty with the Netherlands was renewed on April 9, 1895. (8).

8. With Germany on April 28, 1897. (9).

APPENDIX V.

Bechuanaland Protectorate: In connection with the customs this territory is treated by agreement as a part of the Union of South Africa, and the Treasury of the Union pays every quarter to the Protectorate a sum, which stands to the total customs receipts of the Union every year in the same relation as the average amount of the customs receipts of this territory for the three financial years which directly preceded the coming into function of the South Africa Act of 1909. That portion is .27622 per cent. of the total customs receipts of the Union.

1. State Papers, Volume 102, p. 118 et seq.

2. State Papers, Volume 65, p. 527.

3. Ibid., p. 987.

4. Ibid., Volume for 1875-1876, p. 745.

5. Ibid., Volume 81, pp. 762-763.

6. Ibid., Volume 86, p. 549.

7. Ibid., Volume 82, p. 990.

8. Ibid., Volume 87, p. 401.
9. Ibid., Volume 89, p. 592.

The imports consist mainly of blankets, clothing materials, ploughs, iron and tin wares, etc. (1).

Swaziland: According to agreement with the Government of the Union of South Africa, (dated June 30, 1910), Swaziland is treated for customs purposes as a part of the Union. Pay. ments to Swaziland are calculated on the relation in which the average of the receipts from duties for the three years, ending March 31, 1911, stood to the total customs receipts of the Union in each year. (2).

Preferences were accorded to British goods on importation into Swaziland from October 11, 1904.

APPENDIX VI.

Preferential rates granted by the United Kingdom on goods consigned from and grown, produced or manufactured in the British Empire:

i. Tea, cocoa, coffee, chicory, currants, dried or preserved fruit (figs and fig-cake, plums, commonly called French plums and prunelloes, prunes, all other dried or preserved plums and raisins), sugar, glucose, molasses, saccharin, motor spirit and tobacco five-sixths of the full rate.

ii. Articles chargeable with the new import duties imposed by Section 12 of the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1915, viz:- Motor cars, etc., and parts thereof, musical instruments and parts thereof, clocks, watches, and parts thereof, and cinematograph films-two-thirds of the full rate.

iii. Wine: Not exceeding 30 per cent. of proof spirit— 60 per cent. of full rate. Exceeding 30 per cent. proof spirit 66 and two-thirds per cent. of full rate.

Additional duty on sparkling wine in bottle - 70 per cent. of full rate.

Additional duty on still wine in bottle- 50 per cent. of full rate.

1. O. Y. B. (3) p. 985. (Dutch Edition).

2. Ibid., p. 1,006.

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