Hellenistic Military & Naval Developments

African elephants Alex Alexander Alexander's ander Antigonus Antiochus Antiochus III archers armour army arrows artabae Asia Athenian Athens attack Bactria battle Bessus boarding-bridge called camels Carthage Carthaginian cataphract cavalry force cenaries century B.C. charge Chinese Companion cavalry Craterus Darius defeated Demetrius enemy Eumenes Ferghana fight figure fire flank fleet fought Gaugamela Gonatas Greece Greek grouped in pairs heavenly horse heavy infantry Hellenistic hoplites horse-archers hypaspists invention javelin kings known lecture Livy Lysimachus Macedonian Magnesia means mercenaries naval Nesaean horses never nomads oars grouped papyrus Paraitakene Parthian peltasts period Persian Persian cavalry phalanx Philip Plataea Plutarch Polybius Polyperchon probably prow Ptolemy quadriremes quereme quinquereme Rhodes Rhodian Roman rowed rowers Salamis sarissae seems Seleucids Seleucus ships side siege Sparta spear stone-throwers Surenas Syracuse tactics Thessalian thing took torsion catapult towers triakontor trireme victory wall warfare warships weapon wing Wusun Xenophon δίκροτος