tive pronoun whom; the principal sentence is that into which | In Latin, good in the former instance would be bona; in the the subordinate sentence is introduced; as you see in this diagram: Hence, you learn, that the subject and the object are, in Latin, marked by different terminations in the nouns and the adjectives. Diversities of termination are, in Latin, used to mark number, in nouns and adjectives. In English we say good boy and good boys, denoting the plural by addinge to a noun, but leaving the adjective the same in the plural as it is in the singular. In Latin, however, both adjective and noun undergo a change in passing from the singular into the plural, thus: You where, observe, us has become i, and r has become ri. thus see that there are two ways of forming the plural in Latin; first by changing the termination, as, as is changed into ; or by adding to the termination, as, r becomes ri, by the addition of i. If, instead of operating on us, you operate on the stem bon, then the plural in both cases is formed by addition, and in both by the addition of i. Instead of i, sometimes es, and sometimes us is added to form the plural. But that which I now particularly wish you to mark is, that while in English adjectives undergo no change in standing before nouns in the plural, in the Latin they do undergo a change; and that change is at the end of the adjective, as it is at the end of the noun. A change for another purpose takes place at the end of nouns and adjectives in Latin. By such changes gender or sex is denoted. In English, you know, we say, good bride, good bridegroom; that is, good is the same whether it qualify a feminine or a masculine noun. Not so in Latin., latter, bonus. So sponsus, bridegroom, becomes in the feminine, sponsa, bride. By these statements and explanations, then, you are taught, that in both nouns and adjectives, case, number, and gender, are in Latin indicated by divers terminations. It is an easy inference that if a change is made to turn a singular noun into a plural form, a corresponding change must be made in the adjective which accompanies it; that is to say, if the noun is plural, the adjective must be plural, if the noun is singular, the adjective must be singular; thus bonus puer becomes in the plural boni pueri. In the ordinary phraseology of Latin grammars, this correspondence in form between the noun and the adjective is called concord. Here you are to consider the first concord to require that the noun and adjective should agree in number, that is, both must in form be either singular or plural, and not one singular while the other is plural. A second concord requires the noun and the adjective to be in the same gender, so that if you have to say good bridegroom, you use the words, bonus sponsus, but if you wish to speak of a good bride, you change the us into a, and say bona sponsa. third concord is found in agreement in case between the adjective and noun, so that if the noun is in the nominative case, the adjective must be in the nominative case; if the noun is in the objective or accusative case, in the same case must the adjective be. Putting these three instances of concord or argument together, we say, that Α Adjectives must agree with their substantives in GENDER, NUMBER, and CASE." This general statement we call a rule; and all such general Case, you statements or rules you should commit to memory. see, is denoted by a change at the end of a noun or adjective. In our English nouns we have something of a similar nature. In the words, father's book, father's is in what is called the possessive case. The condition of the noun is called the possessive case, because possession is thereby signified. But why is it called case? Case is a Latin term, signifying fall. And as the different terminations are gone down successively, as you will shortly learn by experience; gone down or declined one after the other, on the part of the boys who learnt grammar in the schools, so were those terminations called cases, or successive falls, that is, falls of the voice. The cases then in Latin are the changes which the noun undergoes conformably to variations in the meaning. Thus, as in English, father becomes father's when used with book, as father's book, so in Latin, pater-father, becomes patris, when used in dependence on liber, book. Notice that I say, "when used in dependence;" for the possessive (or genitive) case denotes connexion or dependence. In father's book, the form father's is necessitated by the dependence of the word on book. Such dependence is denoted in the diction of Latin grammars by the word government; thus we should say that patris was governed in the genitive case by the word liber. Here again arises a general statement or rule; namely, that "One noun governs another in the genitive case." This rule simply means that of two nouns which are connected with each other by a relation of dependence, the noun which is dependent on the other noun must be put in the genitive (or possessive) case. In Latin there are six cases: 1, the nominative; 2, the possessive; 3, the dative; 4, the accusative; 5, the vocative; 6, the ablative. These six cases are different forms of the noun, whereby are indicated differences of meaning. The nominative corresponds to the subject, the accusative corresponds to the object, of a proposition. You may find the nominative by asking the question who? or what? You may find the accusative by asking the question whom? or what? You may ascertain the genitive by asking the question whose? You may ascertain the dative by asking the question for whom? or for what? You may ascertain the ablative by asking the question by whom? or by what? The vocative is preceded by the interjection O! as 0! father, and is employed in addresses or invocations. In strictness of speech the nominative can hardly be termed a case, because as the nouns are commonly given in dictionaries, it seems to have no fall or case. The nominative, however, is a case, for it is not the primitive state of the noun. The pri tive state of the noun, as the primitive state of the verb, is found in the stem. Thus the stem or form on which the cases of pater are formed is patr; by inserting e, the stem patr becomes pater, the nominative case. their cases in the same manner as the nouns which correspond QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. Requesting you to call these changes in the terminations of nouns and adjectives case-endings, I add that these case-endings are to be termed the Latin signs of the cases. For these Latin signs there are corresponding English signs; the English signs give (in part) the meaning of the Latin signs. Thus, of is the English sign and meaning of the Latin genitive i; to or for is the English sign and meaning of the Latin dative o; by, with or from, is the English sign and meaning of the ablative o. Now as in Latin theo of the dative is not in form distinguished from the o of the ablative case, some difficulty arises in reading Latin. This difficulty grows less by practice, and eventually disappears, for the sense points out in each instance whether the dative or the ablative case is the case intended by the author. Something similar exists in English; for, since, as I What do you mean by a proposition? By what other terms may have shown you previously, the nominative and the objective, or it be designated? what is the copula? the subject the object? the the subject and the object, are in our nouns the same in form, attribute? Give an instance of a simple proposition. Give an inwe learn only by the sense which of the two is meant. With stance of a complex proposition. What two parts of speech must the simplest proposition contain? How do English adjectives differ us, however, there is no difficulty, because the sense is deter-in form from Latin adjectives? what do you mean by concord? How mined by the position, for in English, in general, the subject many concords are there? repeat the general rule. What is meant precedes, the object follows, the verb. Inasmuch, however, as by case? by declension? how many cases are there in Latin? how the subject in English undergoes no change in becoming the many declensions? give the Latin sign of the fifth declension; of the object, and inasmuch as no preposition goes before either sub-first; of the fourth; of the second; of the third. When does one noun ject or object, so have we no natural English sign for the Latin require another to be in the genitive case? By what question may nominative or the Latin accusative, and consequently are forced you find the dative case? the ablative case? the nominative case? how to indicate the former by the word subject, and the latter by the do you know the vocative case? Is the nominative really a case? what word object. Finally, the English sign of the vocative is 0; are case-endings? what are the English signs? Are the case-endings of all the corresponding Latin sign is in some nouns e, in others the the Latin nouns the same? how is the ablative case singular of the form in the vocative is the same as the form in the nomi-is the stem of bonus? when bonus is connected with a feminine noun, first declension distinguished from the nominative case singular what native. Having given these explanations, I place under what does it become? What does "government" mean in Latin your eye at once the case-endings of a noun in Latin, with the Grammar? what is the Latin sign of the English by? of the English corresponding English signs.for? what is the English sign of the Latin arum? LATIN LATIN CASE-ENDINGS. ENGLISH Nominative us (subject) Genitive = of Dative to or for orum (object) 08 i Accusative e 0 by, with, or from ENGLISH SIGNS. (subject) of to or for (object) is by, with, or from You thus see that in Latin the case-endings of the singular are different from the case-endings of the plural. You also see that the English signs are the same in both singular and plural. For the sake of comparison, we commonly use a contraction for the names of the cases; thus, N. or Nom. for nominative; G. or Gen. for genitive, and so on with the rest. The case-endings which I have just set before you are not the case-endings of all the Latin nouns. I have given these because they are the most distinct. Others, however, must not be omitted. I will exhibit them to you first in succession, and then the whole combined in one view. In order to do so, I must set before you what are called the declensions. The declensions, or methods in which the falis of the cases take place, are in number five. To express the same thing differently, in order to assist you in understanding what I mean, I add that all the Latin nouns have by grammarians been arranged into five classes. In this classification regard has been had to the termination of the genitive case singular. Thus in the first declension the genitive case of the singular number ends in ae diphthong, pronounced like our ee; in the second declension the genitive ends in i: in the third, in is; in the fourth, in us; in the fifth, in e. These endings are termed the signs of the declensions, and may be thus presented : Declensions Signs The sign of the fourth declension has a circumflex accent A over it, in order to distinguish it from other cases, namely, the nominative us, and the accusative us. In the same way over the ablative case of the first declension, we put a circumflex accent thus, á, as in feminá,—by, with, or from a female, in order to distinguish the ablative case or form from the nominative femina, a female. You may here be informed that adjectives are for the most part declined, that is, form LESSONS IN ARITHMETIC.-No. IV. RULE OF SIMPLE ADDITION. THIS rule, although called Simple Addition, is confessedly one of the hardest rules in Arithmetic; not so much on account of its actual difficulty, as on account of its irksomeness, and the liability of the computer to forget at every step the sum which he has gained. We shall endeavour to obviate this by a piece of practical advice as we proceed; in the meantime, we state the general principle on which the rule is formed, viz.-Like things can only be added to like; or, in other words, if things are not alike they cannot be added together. For example, if any one were to ask the question, what is the sum of 5 apples and 6 pears? The answer would simply be, we cannot tell; or, in other words, there is no answer to this question. We know that the sum of the numbers 5 and 6 is 11; but we cannot say that 11 is the answer to the question; because 5 apples and 6 pears, do not make either 11 apples, or 11 pears. In like manner, we cannot add units to tens, tens to hundreds, or hundreds to thousands, and preserve their individuality; but we can reduce the numbers of higher name into their equivalents of the lower name, and thus combine them by addition, when required. Hence arises the following rule for the addition of large numbers, that is, when they consist of several ranks and periods. Rule. Arrange the numbers to be added together, in such a manner that the units' figure of each may stand all in one vertical or upright column; the tens' figure of each, in another to the left of the units' column; the hundred's figure of each, in another to the left of the tens' column; and so on, till all the figures of each number be arranged in their own proper columns. Then draw a line under all the columns, and beginning at the unit's column, find the sum of all the figures it contains; if this sum does not exceed 9, place it under the line in its proper column or place of units; and proceed to do the same with the figures in the column of tens. But, if the sum of the figures in the units' column reaches the number 10, then put a cipher in the units' place under the line, and increase the column of tens by 1. This is called, in the language of the schools, carrying one to the next column. Again, if the sum of the figures in the units' column exceed 10, then put the units' figure of the sum under the line in the units' place, and carry | tion mentally, and utter the names of the successive sums only the number of tens to the next column; that is, if the sum of the once, as they come in order, till you come to the last; thus, units' column be among the teens, carry one, as before; and if 5, 13, 19, 28, 31, 36, 44, 48. You now put 8 under the line, it be among the tys, carry the number of the tys or tens to the in the place or column of units, and carry 4 (as tens) to the next column. next column, which is the column of tens. Then, proceeding Having found the sum of all the figures in the tens' column, as before, beginning with the figure or number you have to including the number of tens carried from the units' column, carry (that is to add to the next column), you say, 4, 8, 16, if this sum does not exceed 9, place it under the line in its own 23, 31, 39, 43, 49, 56. Now, put 6 under the line, in the place proper column or place of tens, and proceed to do the same or column of tens, and carry 5 (as hundreds) to the next with the figures in the column of hundreds. But if the sum column, which is the column of hundreds; and for this of the figures in the tens' column reaches the number 10, it is reason, that 56 tens, make 5 hundreds and 6 tens. Again, then ten tens, or a hundred; you therefore put a cipher in the you say, 5, 8, 16, 24, 33, 39, 47, 54, 57; and put 7 under the tens' place under the iine, and increase the column of hundreds line, in the place or column of hundreds, and carry 5 (as thouby 1; that is, carry one to the next column. Again, if the sum sands) to the next column, which is the column of thousands; of the figures in the tens' column exceeds 10, then put the and for this reason, that 57 hundreds make 5 thousands and units' figure of the sum (which is so many tens) under the 7 hundreds. Proceed in this manner until you reach the sum line in the tens' place, and carry the number of hundreds (which of the last column on the left, which is 54; and then put 4 is so many tens of tens) to the next column; that is, if the under the line, in its own proper column, which is tens of sum of the tens' column be among the teens, carry one, as thousands, and 5 under the line in the next column, which is before; and if it be among the tys, carry the number of the hundreds of thousands; and for this reason, that 54 tens of ty or tens to the next column. Proceed in the same manner thousands make 5 hundreds of thousands, and 4 tens of thouwith the successive columns of hundreds, thousands, tens of sands. In this way you find the sum of the numbers prothousands, &c., whatever be their number; and under the last posed in the question-viz., 549,768; or, five hundred and column, to the left, of course, place the sum of all the figures forty-nine thousand, seven hundred and sixty-eight. in that column, so that the units' figure of the sum may be EXAMPLE 2.-Find the sum of the numbers: 56, 4008, 973, under the line in the proper place of the column to which it 48973, 101, 497856, 3001, 999, and 50103. belongs, and the tens' figure of the sum (if it contain any) in the place of the column which would have been to the left of that column had there been one more column of figures to be added. In the preceding rule we have supposed that the sum of any column of figures may not exceed 99; if this, however, should be the case with any sum, the rule still is to put down the units' figure of the sum under the column to which it belongs, and to carry the number of tens, which may be so great as to reach a hundred and upwards. In these cases the simplest rule is to put down the right hand or units' figure of the sum, and carry the rest of the figures, as they stand, at once to the next column; thus, if the sum of any column was 175, the rule requires that the units' figure 5 should be put down under the line in its proper column, and that 17 should be carried to the next column, and added along with the figures of that column. In order to make the learner familiar with the mode of operation to be followed in this rule, we shall give some Here, beginning with the column of units at the bottom, and just above the line there drawn, you say, if you follow the ordinary manner, 5 and 8 make 13; 13 and 6 make 19; 19 and 9 make 28; 28 and 3 make 31; 31 and 5 make 36; 36 and 8 make 44; 44 and 4 make 48; then 48 is the sum of the figures in the first or units' column. Now, here we shall give the piece of advice we promised; and it is this:-In order to avoid the repetition of the names of the successive sums arising from the addition of each figure as it comes in order, you should just look at each figure without naming it, perform the opera Sum 4 8 0 6 683316003 5077O5O90 METHOD OF OPERATION. 0 Here, the method of performing the operation of addition is the same as before. The numbers both of this and the preceding example, are placed in lined columns to enable the learner to follow the process with accuracy and clearness. After he has acquired some practice in addition, of course it will be advisable to omit the lines between the columns, and to place the numbers so carefully under each other, that no mistake may arise in computation, from going out of one column into another while finding the sum of any particular column. The sum of the figures in the first column in this example is 40; therefore a cipher is put in the place of units, and 4 is carried to the next column. The sum of the figures in the second column, with this 4, is 37; therefore, 7 is put in the place of tens, and 3 is carried to the next column. The sum of the figures in the third column, with this 3, is 40; therefore, a cipher is put in the place of hundreds, and 4 is carried to the next column. Proceeding in this manner reach the last column to the left, and the sum of the whole of the given numbers is 606070, which is the answer required. PROOF OF ADDITION. we There are various ways of proving addition, that is of testing or trying the accuracy of the operation, by performing it in another manner. One of these is to perform the addition by beginning to find the sum of the figures in each column at the top, instead of at the bottom, and proceeding downwards until the whole of them are added together. This method proceeds on the very obvious principle, that if numbers are to be added together, it is of no importance, as regards the final result, in what order they are taken; for, if correctly added, they are sure to give the same sum, namely, the collection of all the units of which they are composed. Another method is to divide the numbers into two, three, or more sets, as may be found convenient; add each of these sets separately; then, collect all these partial sums into one sum, and it will be the complete sum of all the given numbers. This method is founded on the obvious principle, that the whole is equal to the sum of all its parts, in whatsoever way the sum of these parts may be found. To make this method plain, we shall apply As this result agrees with the former, the proof is considered complete. The best proof in general, however, is repeating the operation of addition several times both ways; that is, first computing the sum from the bottom of the columns to the top, and then from the top to the bottom, until the computer is perfectly satisfied that he cannot be mistaken. QUESTIONS ON THE PRECEDING LESSON. 1. Find the sum of all the numbers from 1 to 100. 2. 142857428571+285714+857142+571428+714285142857. 3. 9034781+57+4897+309+587896+369875625+1876+ 398+79+8. 4. Arrange the nine digits in the form of a square, that is, in three rows of three figures each, so that when the columns are added vertically (up and down), horizontally (from side to side), or diagonally (from corner to corner), they will still produce th 2016 42121656 385212963492|936,3132 576 2772 216 6. We add another example of the same kind, which will afford 15 exercises on larger numbers than those in the preceding square: 21779564652006|1583968, 4058918 98998013464930 | 395992 4949902276954 | 4751904 | 1682966 | 4157916 1088978 2870942 2969940 593988 2375952 4850902 1781964 3563928 1187976 1286974 3068938 692986 2474950 4256914] 1989962] 3662926 3761924 1385972 3167936 98998 2573948 4355912 1979960 2078958 3860922 791984 3266934 53908 1484970 3959920 LESSONS IN ENGLISH GRAMMAR.-No. IV. NOUNS (continued).-NUMBER. NUMBER is the distinction of one object from many. We have already said that nouns have two numbers-the singular, which expresses only one object, as a book; the plural, which expresses two or more objects, as books. For this and some other particulars as to number, we refer to our last lesson, only adding that some nouns are always expressed in the plural—such, for example, as snuffers, scissors, bellows, tongs, pincers, and many other things formed of two or more parts, and which cannot be separated without making the thing imperfect. Such words as wages, thanks, riches, respects, are also included in this class. The ways in which the plural number is formed are so various, that your close attention will be necessary. The most common and simple mode of forming the plural is that of adding the letters to the singular, which is the root, or the radical form of the word, thus: This rule applies also to some nouns which end in o, preceded by a consonant. Thus hero, singular, makes heroes, plural. in such words as grotto, portico, halo, canto, solo, two, folio, Exception to this rule will, however, be found in all modern books, quarto, octavo, duodecimo, &c. To these words s only is now added, by mest writers, to form the plural. Singular nouns ending in y, preceded by a consonant, form the plural by changing y into ies, as in the words following:Singular. Plural. Singular. Company City Cherry Spy Plural. Companies Cities Cherries Spies Cliff Cuff Dwarf Grief Hoof Muff Puff Roof Ruff Scarf 197996 2072016 4454910 8909823365932 296994 2771944 And other nouns with similar endings. Also such nouns as fife. strife, safe, &c. But staff and wolf in the singular are made staves and wolves in the plural. begin with a capital letter. In cases where a noun is used both as a common and a proper noun, the capital letter should be employed The noun man and all its compounds, form the plural by chang- when it is used in the latter way. Thus we say, Many dukes were ing the a into e; as man, men; woman, women; foolman, foot-present, but those most noticed were the Duke of Wellington, and men; statesman, statesmen. Other nouns take en, or ren, to form the Duke of Richmond. Or, In the Exhibition were the portraits their plural; thus, child, brother, ox, in the singular, become of three queens, the Queen of England, the Queen of Spain, and the children, brethren, oxen, in the plural. Queen of Portugal. In books printed during the last century, the first letter of every noun was made a capital; capital letters are now used but sparingly. : The plural of some nouns is irregularly formed; as for example:- Singular. Foot Goose Mouse Plural. Feet Plural. Teeth Pence Dies A die, the stamp used in coining, embossing, &c. takes the regular plural, and becomes dies. Dice, the small square piece of ivory used by gamesters, is generally spelt only in the plural. Some nouns have two forms of the plural, and two different meanings. The noun brother has two plurals in use, namely, brothers, and brethren. Brothers is applied to natural relations, as when we speak of brothers and sisters; or when we say James and Charles are brothers: the word brethren is used in a more figurative sense; as men and brethren; or, all men are brethren ; or brethren should love one another. The noun index has two plurals, indexes and indices; indexes mean tables of contents; indices, signs in algebra. The noun penny has two plurals; pennies, meaning a number of separate coins; pence expressing the value in reckoning up; as, I have six pennies, or, It cost me sixpence. Many nouns taken from foreign languages retain their original plurals. A few examples may be given : And such words as addendum, arcanum, datum, desideratum, dictum, medium, memorandum, stratum, &c. change the um into a in order to form the plural; as addenda, &c.; us in the singular becomes i in the plural. Where the singular ends in ea or ix, the plural ends in ices; where words end in a in the singular, they take e in the plural. To give all the examples would occupy very considerable space. Those who study our Latin and other lessons will obtain a key to the whole. The names of many herbs are used only in the singular; as, asparagus, grass, mint, spinach, balm, marjoram, parsley, sage. Among the exceptions, are : Plural. Nettles Lilies Singular. A poppy A cabbage Plural. Poppies Cabbages Singular. A nettle A lity The names of several sorts of corn, pulse, and other articles of food are said to have no plurals, though many of them denote things which consist of two or more parts, and are therefore, strictly speaking, plural. Barley, wheat, rye, honey, milk, butter, &c. cannot be rendered in the plural, though the words are often used to describe large quantities; but ale, beer, bread, soup, stew, &c. may be rendered in the plural, and are often so rendered by having an s added to the singular, as ale, ales; &c. Two or more nouns united and forming one complex name, or a name and a title, or two names, have the plural termination annexed to the last only, as the Miss Smiths, or, the three Dr. Clarkes, or, the two Mr. Thomsons; or, queen consorts, lord chancellors, lord lieutenants, colonel majors, &c. These terminations may not be critically correct, but general usage has decided in their favour. The words spoonful, mouthful, &c. are compound noans which cannot be divided; their piurals are spoonfuls, mouthfuls, &c. The words means, news, and pains, are used both as singular and plural nouns. There are cases in which no change is made to denote plurality, as in stone, meaning weight; sail, signifying ships stand, when applied to arms; head, referring to cattle; foot, infantry; horse, cavalry; brace, leash, dozen, hundred, thousand, &c. The neglect of the plural termination in such cases may not be strictly grammatical, but, as we have said above, common usage may justify the neglect and preserve us from the charge of vulgarity. As to the use of capital letters. A proper noun ought always to QUESTIONS ON THE FOREGOING LESSON. What is meant by number? Have all nouns the plural number? What is the most common mode of forming the plural? How is the plural formed when the noun ends with y preceded by a consonant ? When a noun ends in ey, how is the plural formed? Into what form must for fe be changed to make the plural? Give some instances of irregularly-formed plurals. Are the names of herbs used in the singular or plural ? spelling of nouns ? LESSONS IN ANCIENT HISTORY.-No. II. By Dr. R. FERGUSON. You will remember that our first lesson carried us as far down as the reign and the conquests of Sesostris or Rameses the Great. This prince was the most celebrated of the Egyptian monarchs, while the victories ascribed to him are so mighty and so remarkable that it has been a question whether such a personage ever lived. Not only did he subdue the mountainous districts east of Egypt, and part of the Arabian peninsula, but his fleet scoured the Indian seas, and his expeditions extended as far as the western coast of Hindostan. Ethiopia also became subject to his arms, and was compelled to pay a tribute of ebony, gold, and elephants' teeth. His campaigns in Asia and Europe were equally successful, while his exploits in the neighbourhood of Assyria and the Euphrates are represented in the sculptures of the tomb of Osymandyas, which are thus described by a modern writer : "On the north face of the eastern pyramidal-tower is represented the capture of several towns from an Asiatic enemy, whose chiefs are led in bonds by the victorious Egyptians towards the camp of their army. In the scene, an insolent soldier pulls the beard of his helpless captive, while others wantonly beat the suppliant, or satiate their fury with the sword. Beyond these is a corps of infantry in close array, flanked by a strong body of chariots; and a camp, indicated by a rampart of Egyptian shields, with a wicker gateway, guarded by four companies of sentries, who are on duty on the other side, forms the most interesting object in the picture. Here the booty taken from the enemy is collected: oxen, chariots, wagons, horses, asses, sacks of gold, represent the confusion incident after a battle; and the richness of the spoil is expressed by the weight of a bag of money under which an ass is about to fall. One chief is receiving the salutation of a foot soldier; another, seated amidst the spoil, strings his bow, and a sutler suspends a water-skin on a pole which he has fixed in the ground. Below this, a body of infantry marches homewards; and beyond them, the king, attended by his fan-bearers, holds forth his hand to receive the homage of the priests and principal persons who approach his throne to congratulate his return. His charioteer is also in attendance; and the highspirited horses of his car are with difficulty restrained by three grooms who hold them. The captives, below this, are doomed to be beaten, probably to death, by four Egyptian soldiers; while in vain, and with outstretched hands, they implore the clemency of their heedless conqueror. "Upon the west tower is represented a battle in which the king discharges his arrows upon the broken lines and flying chariots of the enemy. . . . In a single compartment beyond these, he stands, armed with a battle-axc, about to slay the captives he holds beneath him. "On the west face of the south-east wall, the king is represented pursuing an enemy, whose numerous chariots, flying over the plain, endeavour to regain the river, and seek shelter |