'Well, come in, then.' He came in, quite disarmed by my good nature, gave me the best chair, and was very civil. I talked of the weather and brick-making, interesting him by my questions as to the making of bricks, the kind of soil used, &c., &c.

6

"This I think gave him a feeling of elevation, for he learned that I was ignorant of much that he knew. Then I talked of the Sunday School, the regular attendance and good behavior of his children; then as to Church-going, why did he not go? I don't feel like it; don't care for it.' Do you never pray?' Never.' H., do you think you are living the life you ought to live? Well, I am living as well as most of my neighbors; may be better than some; I am a moral man, and I take care of myself and my children.' Take care of your children by providing for them, you mean?' 'No, I make them do what is right; I send them to Sunday School, and never allow them to go to bed without saying their prayers.'All right,' I said, 'I suppose you have no need to pray yourself? You have no sins to confess and ask forgiveness for, as they have?-nothing to thank God for, either?' 'Oh, I won't say that; but I don't bother myself about those things?' 'Do you think religion makes people happier in this world? Oh, there is no doubt of that.' 'Do you think Jesus has ever invited you to come and give your heart to Him?' 'I don't know that He ever has.' 'Well, He invites you to-day by my mouth; Look unto me and be ye saved;' Come unto me all ye that labor,' &c., &c.'

"He seemed more and more inclined to talk; while his little boy, three years old, who had stolen into the room, was nestling in his father's lap, and had his arms around his neck. You seem to love that child much.' 'Yes, he is my only boy.' And he seems to love you.' 'I should think he did.' 'Well, H., how would you feel if, by and by, when he grows up, he should every day do what you told him not to do; try to injure you when he could; hear you abused without taking your part; and should pass days and weeks without speaking to you?'

"He drew the little one closer to his bosom, and with emotion said, 'I hope that time will never come-I should feel very badly.' I drew the lesson as closely as I could, trying to make him realize by this comparison his rebellion against his Heavenly Father, &c., &c. He said, Well, there is some truth in that; I may be better some time.' Now is the accepted time, now is the day of salvation.' When will you come to Church?'

"Well, I said at first that I would not promise to come; now I say I will not promise not to come.' He added, You have not had dinner yet; well, you must sit down with us. Wife, (calling to her in the next room,) is dinner most ready? The lady will eat with us.' I declined, saying if he would let me, I would come again.

"Do so any time; I will be glad to see you.' 'I will come some Sunday,' I said. Every Sunday, if you like; I will give you a welcome.'"

VOL. XVII.

5*

ART. III.-DR. ANDERSON AND THE ENGLISH CHURCH MISSION TO THE SANDWICH ISLANDS.

1. The Hawaiian Islands: Their Progress and Condition under Missionary labors. By RUFUS ANDERSON, D. D., Foreign Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions; with Illustrations. Boston: Gould & Lincoln. 1864. 12mo. pp. 450.

2. Hawaii: The Past, Present and Future of its Island-Kingdom. An Historical Account of the Sandwich Islands. By MANLEY HOPKINS, Hawaiian Consul General, etc. With a Preface by the Bishop of Oxford. London: 1862. pp. 423.

3. Reports, Sermons, &c., &c.

12mo.

THERE is an old proverb, that certain instruments of attack always, sooner or later, come home to plague the inventor. When the Rev. Dr. Anderson, many years ago, was escorting the simple-hearted Nestorian Bishop, Mar Yohannan, through this country, persistently keeping him from contact with that branch of the Catholic Church which would have fully appreciated the real wants of his people, and his own Ecclesiastical convictions and position, and was familiarizing him only with a certain type of American Christianity, he perhaps little dreamed that that element which he was industriously ignoring and avoiding, would, at no distant day, and in most unexpected quarters, rise up to thwart his plans, and, possibly, shape the results of his labors.

In a former Number of this Review, we called attention to the workings of the Missionary Society, of which Dr. Anderson is Secretary, among the Oriental Churches; to the strange measures which the missionaries of that Society adopted to gain influence in those Churches; how they wore ministerial robes, and made the sign of the Cross in Baptism, and used

*Vol. xiv., No. 3.-Jan., 1862.

Liturgies, &c., &c., and so concealed their own real sentiments and character; how they declared, repeatedly and emphatically, and they could not have remained a day in their positions on any other understanding, that they had no wish or design to interfere with the Oriental Churches; and yet how, immediately after the visit of Dr. Anderson to those Missions, in 1844, and when the Missions had acquired a certain degree of strength, they threw off all disguise, and took the ground that "these converts "are to be recognized as Churches," and that these reformed Churches are to have no reference to any of the degenerate Oriental Churches." We need not ask whether all this was honest, honorable, and worthy of those who are perpetually claiming a monopoly of Evangelical Christianity? But what has been the result? Already, discords and divisions have sprung up in those Missions, arresting their apparent progress, and threatening their very existence. And yet, as far as we have seen, not one word of all these troubles has ever been allowed to appear before the American supporters of those Missions.

Nor is this all. In May, 1864, the Bishop of Gibraltar held an Ordination in Constantinople, which ceremony was witnessed by the leading men of those "converts ;" and we are told that "several deputations from among the body of Protestant Armenians, who were, until very lately, under the supervision of the American missionary power, have earnestly solicited that one of their officiating ministers should be ordained to the Office of Priest, according to the rites and ceremonies of the English Church."* Without discussing here the question of the propriety and duty of the English Church to accede to such a request, we assure such members of that Church as our pages may chance to reach, that the unsleeping, we might almost say, unscrupulous opposition of the "American Board," as it calls itself, to the Episcopate, manifested uniformly and everywhere, renders all hesitancy on the ground of courtesy quite out of place. It will be a sad mistake if, for any such cause, the conservative influence of an Apostolic Ministry shall

*Col. Ch. Chronicle, Aug., 1864.

be withheld from those who are so anxious to receive it, and whose circumstances so imperatively demand it.

It will be recollected, that in October, 1860, at a Meeting of our Board of Missions in New Haven, it was moved and adopted, "that it be recommended to the Foreign Committee, to appoint one or more missionaries to the Sandwich Islands, if suitable persons should offer themselves; provided, also, that any suitable contributions be made for their support." This measure was prompted by steps already taken by the English Church to establish a Mission in the Sandwich Islands; and this brings us to the special subject of our present examination.

It is perhaps known to our readers, that the "American Board," so-called, composed of Presbyterians and Congregationalists, has long had a Mission in the Sandwich Islands. That Mission was established in 1820. It has already cost, for its support, over a million of dollars. It has been prosecuted with an expenditure of men and instrumentalities of the most liberal and even lavish kind. No outward facilities to success have been wanting. The friends of that Mission have habitually employed the most glowing language, in describing what the Mission has accomplished. It is not strange, therefore, that Dr. Anderson, the Foreign Secretary of the Board, should find something in this new movement on the part of the English Church and our own, calling for his special attention, After a series of efforts to prevent the establishment of the English mission, to which we shall hereafter advert, he determined to visit the Sandwich Islands in person. He left Boston in January, 1863; reached 'Honolulu Feb. 27th, and remained four months in the Islands. On his return, he made a verbal report, at the Annual Meeting of the Board at Rochester, in October, which we remember to have read, at the time, with wonder and amazement. He has since published the volume now before us; and both he and the Board, as we shall hereafter see, have made use of other measures to accomplish the end for which, in the main, the journey was undertaken and the volume prepared.

We propose to examine Dr. Anderson's work somewhat in

detail. We have not entered on this task without preparation. Besides a large number of works on the Sandwich Islands, which have been consulted, the official Reports, and even unpublished papers of the English Missionaries themselves, have been freely placed at our disposal. As the result of such examination, our conclusion is, that it was the bounden duty of the English Church to establish a Mission in these Islands, and that it is the duty of our own Church to do what she can in its aid. We shall, perhaps, fail, in a brief Article, to present, clearly, the reasons which have led us to this conclusion. Even a glance at all the facts bearing on the question, is not possible within such limits.

We do not base our objections to the Mission of the American Board, mainly, on the fact, that not a few of its ablest missionaries have exchanged a missionary for a political work, at the Islands. Such intermeddling with secular and civil concerns was, indeed, expressly forbidden by the instructions. with which the missionaries were sent out; and it has been a main cause of the foreign jealousies, and, at times, fierce conflicts, by which the peace of the Islands has been interrupted. Neither has the prosperity of the Mission been advanced by such a policy; on the contrary, here is one source of that deep distrust into which the Mission has evidently fallen, with the King and native Chiefs; a fact which Dr. Anderson virtually confesses, but does not seem able or willing to explain.

Neither do we object to the Mission, merely or mainly, because the industrial interests of the Islands, to a large extent, have passed and are passing into the hands of the missionaries and their families; and that the advancement of the natives in the mechanical arts, in agricultural pursuits, and in the acquisition of wealth, has been either neglected or frowned upon. Here was, undoubtedly, another of the blunders of this Mission. To such an extent has the system of land-holding been adopted by the missionaries, that Dr. Anderson, in addressing them, said :—" you are now, as a class, believed to be in possession of more property than your brother ministers, as a body, in any one section of our own country!" (p. 411.) And near the close of his volume,—and he does it in enumerating

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