then in passing threw a word into the conversation; all had the feeling that he was not only master of the house, but the most prominent and important individual. Towards ten o'clock, Litwinof, having a violent headache, slipped out unobserved, favored by a fresh cry of indignation. Madame Sukhantschik of had just recalled to mind a new infamous act of Prince Barnaulof, who once proposed to order some one's ears to be cut off. The evening wind pleasantly fanned the glowing face of Litwinof, and moistened his dry lips. "What was it?" he asked of himself, as he walked through a dark alley. "What have I experienced? Why do they scream so? Why do they abuse each other so? Where will it all end?" Litwinof shrugged his shoulders, stepped into Weber's coffee-house, took up the newspaper and ordered an ice-cream. The newspaper contained only Italian news, and the cream was abominable. He was just about to return home, when a stranger with a broad-brimmed hat on his head approached, and asked in Russian if he disturbed him by taking a seat at the same table. Litwinof looking up, recognized the gentleman in the corner, overlooked by Gubaref, who, when the conversation turned upon political convictions, had cast such a searching look upon him. During the whole evening this man had not once opened his mouth; now removing his hat and seating himself, he looked at Litwinof with a countenance expressive of benevolence and timidity. [To be continued.] A THE SILENT CONFLICTS OF LIFE. triumph in the field is a theme for poetry, for painting, for history, for all the eulogists and aggrandizing agencies whose united tribute constitutes fame; but there are victories won by men over themselves, more truly honorable to the conquerors than any that can be achieved in war. Of these silent successes we never hear. The battles in which they are obtained are fought in solitude and without help, save from above. The conflict is sometimes waged in the still watches of the night, and the struggle is often fearful. Honor to every conquerer in such a warfare! William Thomas Green Morton. Tor practical application of one of the HE year 1846 witnessed the discovery most valuable agencies for relieving the intense suffering, the extremity of pain and anguish which had at times to be endured by mankind, that has been presented by science to this age or indeed any other; in fact the most beneficent and priceless boon that has been bestowed upon the human race by any individual during the whole period of the world's history. This discovery marked a new era in surgical science, and might with propriety be entitled the crowning glory of the age in which we live, transcending in importance Fulton's steam engine or the achievements of Morse and Fields, and rivaling the discoveries of Franklin and Jenner. It has conferred inestimable benefits on the race of mankind and prevented an untold amount of suffering and anguish; its loss would be a great calamity to the world, and would be mourned by all the nations of earth. Instead of a tortured, shrieking human being before him, undergoing an extremity of agony which at times unnerves the steadiest hands, the scientific surgeon has a patient whose nerves of sensation, those outer sentinels to warn us of danger, have been rendered insensible to pain, while the involuntary functions of respiration and circulation are not seriously affected, and who perhaps while undergoing a capital operation is indulged by nature with a sweet slumber and a pleasant dream, exceeding in agreeable and enlivening emotions any experienee of his healthy waking hours. The patient has taken a journey to a point in close proximity to the dark valley, but returns to earth relieved of a cruel malady, full of gratitude to the man or men who have been instrumental in conferring such an inestimable boon on mankind. Dr. Morton was the first to demonstrate publicly to the world that by the inhalation of a small quantity of pure sulphric ether such wonderful results could be attained. He was not the first discoverer of anaesthetic agents, but he was the first to de- | William Thomas Green Morton was born in Charlton, Massachusetts, on the 9th day of August, 1819. The days of his boyhood were passed on his father's farm. He came to Boston at the age of seventeen years and spent a few months in a publishing house, and was for a while engaged in mercantile pursuits, for which he had neither taste or talent and he relinquished this business. He studied in Baltimore for the profession of a dentist, and established himself in Boston, where he gained a lucrative practice. He invented and introduced a new kind of solder which made a valuable addition to dental science. tients, and on the 16th of October the trial was made in a public manner. The time designated was the 16th day of October 1846, at ten o'clock A. M. A large number of scientific men were assembled at the hospital. Dr. Morton was late, as he was engaged in perfecting an inhaling apparatus. When he entered, Dr. Warren broke the silence that reigned in the hospital by the remark: "Sir, your patient is aùy.” Dr. Morton conversed with the patient to allay his fears, adjusted his apparatus, administered the ether, and the operation was performed with but slight pain to the patient; the breathless silence of the surgeons and scientific men present attested the deep interest they felt in the result of the experi ment. On the 17th of October, a more dangerous operation was performed at the same hospital while the patient was under the influence of sulphuric ether which was completely successful. The good news spread with great rapidity; the response from Europe was highly flattering to an American. One London Newspaper commenced an article announcing the discovery with the following language: "Good news from America. Hail, happy hour! that brings glad tidings of another glorious victory! we have conquered pain, from our brothers in another land with whom we were lately going to war. Oh, shame be in the thought!" That eminent man Dr. Liston wrote: "Hurrah! rejoice, an American dentist has used the inhalation of ether to destroy sensation in his operations, and the plan has succeeded in the hands of Warren, Hayward and others in Boston. In six months no operation will be performed without this previous preparation. Rejoice! Dr. Morton entered his name as a medical student in Boston in 1844, and was the pupil of the distinguished chemist Dr. Jackson, and received valuable advice from his teacher in relation to the anaesthetic qualities of sul--and from America comes the happy news; phuric ether, its safety when inhaled in its purity or when properly administered. Dr. Wells of Hartford, Connecticut, was for a season a partner of Dr. Morton, aod was also in search of an anaesthetic agent, but he used nitrous oxide, and after trying an nusuccessful experiment at Boston in connexion with Dr. Morton he relinquished the effort and subsequently the practice of dentistry. Dr. Morton also studied upon this subject and received information from books and lectures. On the 30th of September 1846, Dr. Morton demonstrated the fact that sulphuric either might be administered with safety by inhalation in sufficient quantities to deaden the nerves of sensation for a sufficient length of timely passed away." to perform an operation. Dr. Jackson advised him to apply to the Massachusetts General Hospital for leave to try the experiment upon one of their pa Another distinguished English surgeon concludes the account of his experiments in the following manner: "So that in point of fact a surgical operation has now come to be a source of regret as an enjoyment too quick Dr. Morton soon became involved in serious difficulty in consequence of his discovery. Ether was administered in New York at one of the hospitals to a young lady who had spasmodic pains in the head. After a few inhalations she sank back in her chair and died; it was the opinion of the surgeon that Dr. Morton must have been acquainted with the capricious nature of his anaesthetic and he was blamed in consequence. The latter gentleman started for the empire city; at New Haven he met the New York train and the boys were vending the newspapers announcing the startling intelligence to be found in their columns. Dr. Morton's ear caught the cry,-"Deata from ether! Death from ether! Here is the New York Herald Tribune and Express. All about the death from ether!" He immediately purchased a newspaper and found the intelligence confirmed. After his arrival at New York the excitement was great in the city, but he succeeded after encountering almost insurmountable difficulties in procuring a postmortem examination, and in the lower lobe of the brain of the young lady the surgeon found a large tumor which it was thought by the surgeons had occasioned her death, and not the inhalation of ether. Dr. Morton patented his discovery, and Dr. Jackson was to receive a certain portion of the amount collected to remunerate him for instruction and advice, but there was not much gained by the patent right. Subsequently there sprung up one of the most embittered triangular contests between the friends of Drs. Morton, Jackson and Wells in relation to priority of discovery that the country has witnessed for a number of years. The three men had all felt the want of an anaesthetic agent and all their thoughts were turned to that subject, and each had experimented with different gases, and Sir. Hum phrey Davy and other scientific men in Europe had also written upon the same subject, and hence arises the difflculty in giving the amount of credit that each deserved. Each claimant had his friends and supporters in the controversy. Both Jackson and Morton received testimonials from the French Academy. To Dr. Morton was awarded their largest gold medal, and a gold frame ornamented with branches of laurel. The authorities of the Massachusetts General Hospital also awarded to Dr. Morton one thousand dollars and a silver casket. During the late rebellion Dr. Morton was pres ent on a number of battle fields, and gave ether or chloroform to as many as two thousand soldiers on one field; and here his wonderful discovery was well appreciated by the poor wounded men to whom it was administered. The Surgeon General advised an appropriation of two hundred thousand dollars by Congress, to compensate him for his noble discovery and his great outlays while engaged in its introduction, but the plan did not succeed; he received a degree of Doctor of Medicine from Washington University which was a highly complimentary testimonial to his merit. He again presented his claim for remuneration, but was defeated after a reference to a committee and a majority report in his favor. At the commencement of the 334 Congress, a bill passed the Senate to appropriate one hundred thousand dollars to the discoverer of anaesthetic agents, but this bill was lost in the House, and Dr. Morton retired to the Etherton Cottage, his country residence at West Needham, and turned his attention to agricultural improvements, and received a number of premiums from the Norfolk Agricultural Society, for the excellence of his agricultural products. Dr. Morton finally received pecuniary assistance from various individuals and scientific bodies, and substantial testimonials, mainly through the advice and influence of that merchant prince, Amos Lawrence and a great number of leading men in the medical profession. Most people in this vicinity have seen the highly appropriate monument in the public garden to the discovery of the anaesthetic preparation. It is intended as an expression of gratitude for the relief of human suffering. The fountains supplying the pool with water, and that rare work of art the figure of the Good Samaritan, a type of the relief of human suffering, have attracted the attention, and received the enconiums of a large portion of community for their appropriateness of design and beauty of finish. Whatever is to be the decision of posterity in relation to the priority of discovery of an anaesthetic agent, Dr. Morton by its introduction has done enough to entitle himself to the rememberance and also to the everlasting gratitude and admiration of mankind, and it is to be hoped that a monument will be erect ed at Mount Auburn to commemorate him as a public benefactor, who has lifted a load of suffering from many members of the human family, and redeemed the world from a heavy curse. Dr. Morton is entombed on Green Brier path in the Northwest portion of the cemetery. I extract from the New York Evening Post the following account of Dr. Morton's death which occurred at New York City on the 15th day of July, 1868. "Professor William T. G. Morton and his wife, who were stopping at the St. Nicholas Hotel, took a ride on Wednesday night to Central Park, and about twenty minutes past nine o'clock drove out of the northeast gate at 110th street and Harlem Lane. As Professor Morton passed in front of Luffs Hotel a woman's scream rung out in the air. Several persons who were near, among whom were Dr. Swan and several other physicians and officer Thompson, hastened to the spot and found Dr. Morton in a dying condition. It wss at first supposed that it was from the effects of the heat, but the physicians soon pronounced it a case of apoplexy and advised his speedy removal to St. Luke's Hospital; and officer Thomas took him in his arms, but he died before his ar On his person were several gold medals which had been presented him by foreign governments, and other valuables which were taken charge of by his widow." Dr. Morton left a family of interesting children, and it is to be hoped that they will not be forgotten by a world that has received such inestimable benefits from their father's discovery. HOT HEARTS. A Chinese convert once remarked in conversation with a missionary, "We want men with hot hearts to tell us of the love of Christ." The instincts of his piety taught him what was all-essential to the proper presentation of the great theme of the Gospel. He had never read Quintilian, Blair or Whately on Rhetoric, or discussed in the pages of Cicero the art of oratory. But he knew that the love of Christ demanded a glowing heart, and that mere logic would never touch the chords of human sympathy. OUR RELATIONS. BY FANNY UPHAM ROBERTS. all nations of the earth." Do HO are they? "God made of one you belive it? The quick blood in your face flushes up at the arrogance of such irreverent questioning. "That interrogation, presupposing doubt, is for a profaner in God's sacred temple. I am not a blasphemer; I do not disavow God's holy word. Believe it? religiously!" Ah! madam, I doubt not you think so. But it is in some abstract sense; some remote idealism, that could never be made a vulgar possibility within the boundary of your exclusive latitude. You never reasoned down through ranks of clan and caste until you could feel a sister's touch, when servicestained hands rumpled your royal purple. You would not suffer the profaning fingers save to unloose the latchet of your dainty slipper, to clasp your gold, or lace your ribbons as tiring-woman. You hear the words, "One grand brotherhood," "members of one family," "children of a common Father." You think them fine; your tongue rolls their silver cadence with an intonation that gives them a broader grandeur; but with never the faintest ripple of an echo in your heart. With the words in your mouth, your lips would curve into bitter scorn at the too near approach of women, whom itching hands, allied to tongues rife with scandal, have reached up to tear from the white throne of purity. I ask a woman, bound to the perpetual motion and remorseless click of a sewingmachine, for the daily support of fatherless little ones, of her interests with humanity. For answer, her quick, loving glance turns like sunlight on her children. Ah! it is plain to see where her world centres. Then her face turns hard; the soft, luminous glow dies out. There is a look of weariness, of bitterness, in her worn, anxious face painful to see. She is thinking of the world, allied to her by common blood, yet witholding acknowledgement of relationship, grudging her the daily bread it doles out scantily. Her quick, generous impulses would broaden into wider fields and claims of interest had not your cold repulsions, perhaps, met her poverty with open disdain. The humanitarian in the lecture-room, with the might and majesty of magnetic power, with resonant voice and electric words, in the utterance of noble sentiments, lifts you to the broad table lands of humanity, where no storm-clashing interests vex the upper air. All men stretch out clasping hands to you in this rarefied atmosphere; the speaker is your brother.. But the serge of poverty is in small danger of becoming entangled with his cloth of gold when he comes out upon the world's graded pave ment. The man who talks largely and loudly of levelling moneyed aristocracies, of voting for democratic rule, and "equal taxation," replied to my query last night with a smile of surprise, that I could be in doubt of a matter so well grounded in his own mind. "Our relations? Why, everybody but the Irish and niggers." The great headcentre of Fenian enterprise is here left to weave his shamrock's green with Afric palm; while the man who bars out these two elements from humanity's recognition and association, is striving to climb to a higher platform whence to unfurl the banner of liberty and equality! and quiet blood, when brothers whom we love at home, are stumbling into deepest hells of danger, because our staying hand is not outreaching for them? When sisters, whom our mothers gave us, are walking shameless down to death, because we have failed to speak the word that shall hold them pure and sinless to our hearts? Oh, no! What then of those whom God has made of one blood, within easy reach of your hand, your voice; who, though brothers and sisters, are homeless and friendless; and have no leaping echo in their hearts to the tender, thrilling words mother and home. Masterbuilders in the temple of art, whose clear vision and cunning hand lay the walls with fair mosaic, and lift the ivied column, whose names are written in gold on the crowning dome, ye must own a relation to the common laborer who digs in clay; who dips his hand in grimy dirt to cement in solid form the precious stones of chrysolite, and amethyst, and jasper. Because through circumstance of birth or caprice of fortune, you stand breast-high .6 among the lilies of life," is it wise, is it generous, to play the role of – "Good Christians who sat still in easy chairs, And damned the general world for standing up." "Our relations?" echoes Fatima, her dainty, rose-red lip taking on a disdainful "Are the Hottentots and Digger Indians our relatives!" curl. Your heart is overflowed by a tide of love setting toward all humanity, as you listen to the glowing words on fraternal duties and obligations from your pastor; who, in passing from chancel to vestibule, takes oftenest, holds longest and closest, the hand of wealth, of power,, of influence. With the noble leaf; sheathe in soft splendor the sharpened impulse fresh in your bosom, you untie the knotted rings in your purse, and dispense charities with a beneficent hand to poor, miserable wretches you would not stoop to touch. Jesus laid his hands upon them and blessed them. It was the touch of Christ's hand that wrought the divine miracles among the people. There is power of miracle in your hand laid in earnest benediction on misery's bowed head; and you shall see swift-blossomed gladness shining up to yours from faces of want and crime. Withold not the tender grace of your hand from misguided men. God's seal has not yet lost its shining in their foreheads though sadly dimmed and scarred by deadly sin. Are we content, and sit with equal breath Ah! ma belle! smooth that ruffled rose arrows. dark eyes. in your The Digger InAnd dians our relatives! of course they are. not only are these primitively dressed, or rather undressed natives (sans even the figleaf ornamentations,) your brothers and sisters, but your friend, the Darwinian theorist, second, to that pleasant-faced gentleman, the will tell you you are first cousin to the gorilla, orang-outang; and that all the myriad tribes of beasts, birds, and fishes, inhabiting this terrestrial globe, are allied by successive approaches-not very remote-to your highthroned royalty. "Nothing in this world is single, is Hegel's philosophy. But if our relations are low, are they not |