there were threescore and ten thousand that carried burdens, and fourscore thousand hewers in the mountains, beside the chief of his officers three thousand and three hundred; and at the erection of the pyramids in the reign of king Cheops, as Herodotus reports, there were decem myriades, that is, an hundred thousand men. And though it be said of the Egyptians,

Porrum et cæpe nefas violare et frangere morsu

yet did the sums expended in garlick and onions amount unto no less than one thousand six hundred talents.

The first monarchy or kingdom of Babylon is mentioned in Scripture under the foundation of Nimrod, which is also recorded in human history; as beside Berosus, in Diodorus and Justin; for Nimrod of the Scriptures is Belus of the Gentiles, and Assur the same with Ninus his successor. There is also mention of divers cities, particularly of Nineveh and Resen, expressed emphatically in the text to be a great city.

That other countries round about were also peopled, appears by the wars of the monarchs of Assyria with the Bactrians, Indians, Scythians, Ethiopians, Armenians, Hyrcanians, Parthians, Persians, Susians; they vanquished (as Diodorus relateth) Egypt, Syria, and all Asia Minor, even from Bosphorus unto Tanais. And it is said, that Semiramis in her expedition against the Indians brought along with her the king of Arabia. About the same time of the Assyrian monarchy, do authors place that of the Sycionians in Greece, and soon after that of the Argives, and not very long after, that of the Athenians under Cecrops; and within our period assumed are historified many memorable actions of the Greeks, as the expedition of the Argonauts, with the most famous wars of Thebes and Troy.

That Canaan also and Egypt were well peopled far within this period, besides their plantation by Canaan and Misraim, appeareth from the history of Abraham, who in less than 400 years after the flood, journeyed from Mesopotamia unto Canaan and Egypt, both which he found well peopled and

* Juvenal.

policied into kingdoms. Wherein also in 430 years, from threescore and ten persons which came with Jacob into Egypt, he became a mighty nation; for it is said, at their departure, there journeyed from Rhamesis to Succoth about six hundred thousand on foot, that were men, besides children. Now how populous the land from whence they came was, may be collected not only from their ability in commanding such subjections and mighty powers under them, but from the several accounts of that kingdom delivered by Herodotus. And how soon it was peopled, is evidenced from the pillar of their king Osyris, with this incription in Diodorus; Mihi pater est Saturnus deorum junior, sum vero Osyris rex, qui totum peragravi orbem usque, ad Indorum fines, ad eos quoque sum profectus qui septentrioni subjacent usque ad Istri fontes, et alias partes usque ad Oceanum. Now, according unto the best determinations, Osyris was Misraim, and Saturnus Egyptius the same with Cham; after whose name Egypt is not only called in Scripture the land of Ham, but thus much is also testified by Plutarch; for in his treatise de Osyride, he delivereth that Egypt was called Chamia, à Chamo Noe filio, that is, from Cham the son of Noah. And if, according to the consent of ancient fathers, Adam was buried in the same place where Christ was crucified, that is mount Calvary, the first man ranged far before the flood, and laid his bones many miles from that place, where it's presumed he received them. And this migration was the greater, if, as the text expresseth, he was cast out of the east side of paradise to till the ground; and as the position of the Cherubim implieth, who were placed at the east end of the garden to keep him from the tree of life.

That the remoter parts of the earth were in this time inhabited, is also inducible from the like testimonies, for (omitting the numeration of Josephus, and the genealogies of the sons of Noah,) that Italy was inhabited appeareth from the records of Livy and Dionysius Halicarnasseus, the story of Æneas, Evander and Janus, whom Annius of Viterbo, and the chorographers of Italy, do make to be the same with Noah. That Sicily was also peopled is made out from the frequent mention thereof in Homer, the records of Diodorus

and others, but especially from a remarkable passage touched by Aretius and Ranzanus, Bishop of Lucerium, but fully explained by Thomas Fazelli, in his accurate history of Sicily, that is, from ancient inscription in a stone at Panormo, expressed by him in its proper characters, and by a Syrian thus translated: Non est alius Deus præter unum Deum, non est alius potens præter eundem Deum, neque est alius victor præter eundem quem colimus Deum: Hujus turris præfectus est Sapha filius Eliphat, filii Esau, fratris Jacob, filii Isaac, filii Abraham; et turri quidem ipsi nomen est Baych, sed turri huic proximæ nomen est Pharath. The antiquity of the inhabitation of Spain is also confirmable, not only from Berosus in the plantation of Tubal, and a city continuing yet in his name, but the story of Gerion, the travels of Hercules and his pillars, and especially a passage in Strabo, which advanceth unto the time of Ninus, thus delivered in his fourth book; the Spaniards (saith he) affirm that they have had laws and letters above six thousand years. Now the Spaniards or Iberians observing (as Xenophon hath delivered) Annum quadrimestrem, four months unto a year, this compute will make up 2000 solary years, which is about the space of time from Strabo, who lived in the days of Augustus, unto the reign of Ninus.

That Mauritania and the coast of Africa were peopled very soon, is the conjecture of many wise men, and that by the Phoenicians, who left their country upon the invasion of Canaan by the Israelites. For beside the conformity of the Punick or Carthaginian language with that of Phoenicia, there is a pregnant and very remarkable testimony hereof in Procopius, who in his second de bello Vandalico, recordeth that in a town of Mauritania Tingitana, there was to be seen upon two white columns in the Phoenician language these ensuing words; Nos Maurici sumus qui fugimus à facie Jehoschue filii Nunis prædatoris. The fortunate islands or Canaries were not unknown; for so doth Strabo interpret that speech in Homer of Proteus unto Menelaus.

7 by the Phoenicians.] "Tyri et Sidonis in Phoenicis litore civitatum Carthago colonia; unde et Pœni, sermone corrupto

quasi Phani appellantur" Hieron. See Selden, De Diis Syris, Prolegomena, cap. 2, p. 10-24.—Jeff.

Sed te qua terræ postremus terminus extat,

Elysium in Campum cœlestia numina ducunt.

The like might we affirm from credible histories both of France and Germany, and perhaps also of our own country. For omitting the fabulous and Trojan original delivered by Jeffrey of Monmouth, and the express text of Scripture, that the race of Japhet did people the isles of the Gentiles; the British original was so obscure in Cæsar's time, that he affirmeth the inland inhabitants were Aborigines, that is, such as reported that they had their beginning in the island. That Ireland our neighbour island was not long time without inhabitants, may be made probable by sundry accounts, although we abate the tradition of Bartholanus the Scythian, who arrived three hundred years after the flood, or the relation of Giraldus, that Cæsaria, the daughter of Noah, dwelt there before.

8

Now should we call in the learned account of Bochartus,* deducing the ancient names of countries from Phoenicians, who by their plantations, discoveries, and sea negociations, have left unto very many countries, Phoenician denominations, the enquiry would be much shorter; and if Spain, in the Phoenician original, be but the region of conies, Lusitania, or Portugal, the country of almonds, if Britannica were at first Baratanaca, or the land of tin, and Ibernia or Ireland were but Ibernae, or the farthest inhabitation, and these names imposed and dispersed by Phoenician colonies, in their several navigations, the antiquity of habitations might be more clearly advanced.

Thus though we have declared how largely the world was inhabited within the space of 1300 years, yet must it be conceived more populous than can be clearly evinced; for a greater part of the earth hath ever been peopled, than hath

Bochart. Geog. Sacr. part. 2.

8 three hundred years.] This yeare, 1650, is the 5600 yeare of the worlde since the creation; out of which, yf you take the yeare of the floodd, viz. in the yeare of the world 1656, and also the 300 yeares more here mentioned, the summe will be 1956, which being againe

deducted out of the present yeare of the world 5600, there remaine 3644 yeares this yeare, since Bartolanus is said to arrive in Irelande, which neither Scripture nor any story mentions, and therefore is a feigned and foolish tradition.- Wr.

been known or described by geographers, as will appear by the discoveries of all ages. For neither in Herodotus or Thucydides do we find any mention of Rome, nor in Ptolemy of many parts of Europe, Asia, or Africa; and because many places we have declared of long plantation, of whose populosity notwithstanding or memorable actions we have no ancient story; if we may conjecture of these by what we find related of others, we shall not need many words, nor assume the half of 1300 years. And this we might illustrate from the mighty acts of the Assyrians, performed not long after the flood, recorded by Justine and Diodorus, who makes relation of expeditions by armies more numerous than have been ever since. For Ninus,9 King of Assyria, brought against the Bactrians 700,000 foot, 200,000 horse, 10,600 chariots. Semiramis, his successor, led against the Indians 1,300,000 foot, 500,000 horse, 100,000 chariots, and as many upon camels.' And it is said Staurobates, the Indian king, met her with greater forces than she brought against him; all which was performed within less than four hundred years after the flood.

Now if any imagine the unity of their language did hinder their dispersion before the flood, we confess it some hindrance at first, but not much afterward. For though it might restrain their dispersion, it could not their populosity, which necessarily requireth transmigration and emission of colonies; as we read of Romans, Greeks, Phoenicians in ages past, and have beheld examples thereof in our days. We may also observe that after the flood, before the confusion of tongues, men began to disperse. For it is said they journeyed towards the east, and the Scripture itself expresseth a necessity conceived of their dispersion, for the intent of erecting the tower

9 Ninus.] Soe Ninus had in his armye 974,200, reckoning to every chariot six fightinge men (on each side three) besides the charioteer; but Semiramis, her army was not less then 2,000,000, i. e. above twice soe manye; and yf Staurobates his army were greater, doubtless never any since that time came neere those numbers. Then reckoninge at the least of horses, 4 in each chariot, and of camels, in all 500,000 beasts in her

armye, and as many or more on the adverse side, what countryes could hold, much less feed them? For Sennacherib's army did not reach to the twentithe parte of these conjoyned numbers, and yet he boasted to have drunk the rivers drye.-Wr.

1 upon camels.] 300,000 ox hides stuffed to represent elephants, and carried upon camels.--Jeff.