Abstinence, two kinds of, 650.
Absurdities of vulgar economy, 180, 205
note, 241 note, 249, 352, 489, 658, 654,
655, 666, 669, 701, 839, 841.
Accumulation of capital, its concept, 634;
not identical with hoarding, 645; at a
faster rate than increase of population
increases wages, 673; means increase of
proletariat, 674; means concentration of
capital and labourers, 685; causes a
relative overpopulation (industrial re-
serve army), 691; its absolute general
law, 707; its general law illustrated,
711-717; degrades the labourer, 727-
733; primitive, its secret, 784; promoted
by public debt, 827; see also Capitalist
Accumulation.

Additions to the text of the fourth Ger-
man edition of "Capital," 32.
Adulteration of commodities, 194, 274,
277.

Agricultural laborers' misery in England,

719, 789-773, 779.

Agricultural revolution in England, 778,
788-805; its reaction on industry, 817.
American Civil War centralised capital,
847; stimulated improvements in cotton
machinery, 473.

Animals and plants transformed by a con-
tinuous process of labor, 202.
Antagonism between capitalists and labor-
ers, 363.

Aristotle lacked a concept of value, 69.

Capital, first money-capital, 163; its cir-
culation without limits, 170; contradic-
tions in its general formula, 173; mer-
chant's and money-lender's does not
create any new value, 183; problem of
its production posed, 184; its creation
accomplished, 217; constant, 232; varia-
ble, 283; dead labor sucking living la
bor, 257; squanders labor-power, 581;
means command over unp id labor, 585;
not increased by non-consumption, 646;
its technical and organic composition,
672; see also Value.

Capitalist, creates no surplus-value, 688;
his individual consumption robs accu-
mulation, 649; Faustian conflict in his

breast, 651; not interested in value, but
in surplus-value, 351; in the labor-proc-
ess, 205.

Capitalist, industrial, his genesis, 822; a
lover of force, 824, 826.

Capitalist Accumulation, its phases re-
viewed, 640; its historical tendencies,
834-837.

Capitalist Argument, to conceal true na-
ture of labor process, 213; against ten
hours' day, 240.

Capitalist Co-operation differs from an
Capitalist Era, its beginning, 787.
tique co-operation, 367.
Capitalist View of production of com-
modities individualistic. 642.

Capitalist Production, a production of
surplus-value, 558; based on man's do
minion over nature, 563; begets class-
struggle, 633; means anarchy in social
division of labor and despotism in the
workshop, 391.

Capitalists, denouncing one another, 601;
preventing one another from obeying
laws, 537.

Centralisation, its difference from con
centration, 686.

Changes in the original plan of "Capital,"

7, 8.

Child Labor in England, 268, 284-289,
510, 511.

Circulation, sweating money, 127; not a
source of surplus-value, 177.

Classic Economy never understood the
process of reproduction, 665, note; see
also Political Economy.
Class-Struggles between creditors and
debtors in antiquity, 152.
Colonisation, its modern theory, 838; in
Coin as money, 140.
dependent labor its obstacle, 840; on a
capitalist basis impossible without wage
labor, 843; uncovers secret of capitalist
accumulation, 848.

Commodities, defined, 41; their fetishism,
81; their exchange, 96; explaining their
own nature, 95; their relation to their
owners, 97; their circulation, 106; their
metamorphosis, 116; differentiated from
gold, 117; in love with money, 121,
their complete metamorphosis, 125.
Condition of Political Economy in 1848,

17-19.

Constant Capital, see Capital.
Co-operation, based on division of labo

typical of manufacturing period, 369;
implies concentration of labor and capi
tal, 362; in antiquity, 366; of machin-
ery, 414; under capitalism develops des-
potism, 364.

Co-operative Labor different in effect
from individual labor, 857.
Corvée, abuse of, 261.

Death from over-work, 280.

Death Rate increased by capitalist pro-
duction, 282, 434, 435, 510.
Debt, Public, a lever of primitive accu-
mulation, 827.

Degeneration of laborer, 270.
Degradation of laborer by capitalism, 727,
729, 731, 733, 736, 737, 832.
Difference between English and American
edition of "Capital,'

9.

Diseases caused by capitalist exploitation,
270, 510, 511, 721, 727, 729, 731.
Division of Labor, necessary for produc-
tion of commodities, 49; not based on
production of commodities, 49; under
manufacture explained, 371; in manu-
facture and society compared, 385; fatal
to free citizenship, 389; in guilds, 394;
its stupefying effect on the laborer,
397; increases capitalist authority, 891;
in Indian communities, 393; makes
automaton of laborer, 396.

Domestic Industry, Modern, 509; em-
ploys women and children, 510, 511;
cause of overcrowding, 512; an indus-
trial reserve force, 524.

Factory System, ruining handicrafts and
manufacture, 492-493; its effect ou
English cotton industry, 497-501; its
enormous power of expansion, 495; its
reactic on handicrafts, manufacture.
and domestic industries, 502-505.
Family, its transformation under capitalist
production, 511-514.

Farmer, Capitalist, his genesis, 81.
Force, an element in primitive accumula
tion, 809; the midwife of social revola
tion, 824.

Forecast of events by averages, 227.
Freedom, Equality, and Bentham, 195.
French revolution abolished laborer's righ
of association, 813.

Ideas reflexes of the real world, 91.
Industrial Reserve Army, caused by accu-
mulation of capital, 691; a necessary
condition of capitalist production, 693;
a regulator of wages, 699; a check upon
the emancipation of labor, 701.
Industry, Modern, revolutionises agricul
ture, 553, 778, 788-805; revolutionises
handicrafts and manufacture, see Ma-
chinery and Accumulation; annihilates
peasant, 554; breaks power of resist
ance of agricultural laborer, 555; in-
creases public debts and taxation, $30.
Interest, not analyzed in volume I; sce
volu ie III.

International read of "Capital," 30.
Internationalism of capitalist production,
see World Market.

Invention causes more invention, 419.
Inventions of handicraft period, 382.

J.

June Insurrection in France, its effect on
ruling class of England, 313.
Justice of capitalism illustrated, 725.
Justification of the phrase "value of la
bor," 592.

L.

Labor, the common property of commodi-
ties, 44; its twofold character, 48; sim-
ple average labor in the abstract, 51:
skilled, reduced to simple average labor.

abor Fund, its relation to capitai, 622.
Labor Laws in England, from the 14th to
the 17th century, 290-304; from 1833-
1864, 304-330.

Labor-Power, general property of labor-
process. 57; bought and sold. 185; a
commodity, 186; its value determined,
189; minimum limit of its value, 192;
advanced to the capitalist, 193; pro-
duces more value than it has itself,
216; its value determined by average
necessities of life 568; three laws of
determining its value, 569.

Labor-Process, explained, 203; a prou
tive process, 557.

Labor Time, a standard measure of value,
45; socially necessary, 46; its assertion
as a social law, 86; regulated by com-
petition, 379.

Laborer, the free, 187; his demand for a
normal use of his labor-power, 258; a
specialised implement in division of la-
bor, 372; the collective, 383; feeds him-
self and the capitalist, 621; his pro-
ductive and individual consumption,

Machine, collective, 415; a product of
modern industry, 418.

Machinery, its difference from tools, 405;
not a means of shortening labor time
under capitalism, 405; uses more tools
than man, 408; the starting point of
industrial revolution, 410; more exact
than skilled labor, 420; its giant power,
421; differences in its wear and tear,
423; its capacity for speed, 425; its
productivity, 427; substituted for half-
time laborers, 429; increases female
and child labor, 4 develops slave
trade in white children, 432; increases
death rate among laborers, 434; under-
mines morality, 435, 436; prevents edu
cation of children, 437-439; prolongs
working day, 440; its twofold wear and
tear, 441; its moral depreciation, 442;
increases relative surplus-value, 443;
educes variable capital relatively, 444;
tensifies contradictions of capitalist

production, 445; in antiquity lightened
labor, 446: intensifies exploitation, 447;
fought by laborers, 467; its use for-
bidden by law, 467-468; increases
profits, 476; does not compensate work-
ing people for loss of employment, 479,
481; lowers consumption of commodi
ties, 480; under capitalism and in a
free society compared, 482; in one in-
dustry increases production in another,
484; animate and inanimate, 631.

Malthus, his queer division of labor be-
tween accumulating and spending ex-
ploiters, 653; his "Essay on Popula-
tion," 675; his "Principles of Political
Economy," 696.

Malthusianism exploded, 676, note.
Mandeville's Fable of the Bees, 674.
Manufacture, its twofold rise, 369, 370:
its two fundamental forms, 375; its
narrow technical basis, 404; modern.
in operation, 506-509; ruined by ma
chinery, see Machinery.

Mass, of profit, see Profit; of surplus
value, see Surplus-Value.

Market. see Home-Market and World-
Market.

Marx's method explained by himself, 12
15, 21, 22, 24, 25; method of quotation,
30, 33; quotation from Gladstone vin
dicated, 34-39.

Materialist Conception of History, 15, 22.
Means of Production, necessary for re
production, 620; see also Constant Cap.
ital.

Mercantilists and Free Traders, their mis-
conception of value, 70.

Metal, its weight in silver and copper
arbitrarily fixed by law, 142; see also
Gold, Silver, and Money.

Mill, John Stuart, his superiority over the
mercantilists, 566; his misinterpretation
of profits, 567; his excessive generalisa-
tions, 567; an apologist of the wage
fund theory, 669.

Mind, Human, operating on materials
after the fact, 87.

Mines' Inspection Act, a dead letter, 542;

farce of questioning witnesses, 543-551.
Misery of British industrial proletariat,

718.

Modern Industry, see Industry, Machin-
ery, and Accumulation.

Money, the universal equivalent, 99; its
magic, 105; a measure of value, 106;
wild theories of, 108; its two functions
as a measure of value and a standard
of price, 109; historical origin of its
names, 112; its currency, 128; keeps up
the continuity of circulation, 130; its
change of place in simple circulation,
131; effect of its rise or fall on the
prices of commodities, 132; its quantity
in circulation determined by volume of
production, 134; its currency a reflex
of circulation of commodities, 132; its
quantity determined by sum of prices
and velocity of exchange, 137; mutual
compensation of factors in its currency,
138; erroneous opinion concerning de
termination of its quantity in circula-
tion, 139; paper, symbolising gold and
silver, 144; replaced by tokens, 145;
hoarding of, 146; buried by Hindoos,
147; its power, 148; bounds of its effi
cacy, 149; a means of payment. 151:

development of special institutions for
its payment, 154; its contradictory
character expressed through crises, 155;
its rise as a means of credit, 156; uni-
versal, 159; reserve, 161; its trans-
formation into capital, 163; the be-
ginning and end of value, 172; its in-
ternational value, 613; probable form
of its primitive accumulation, 623.
Moore, Samuel, and Aveling, Edward,
translators of the first volume of "Cap-
ital," 27, 28.

Morality, of capitalism illustrated, 265,
273, 274, 278, 279, 287, 292, 294, 302,
311, 319, 321, 389, 396, 446, 725;
of working people destroyed by capi
talism, 283, 432, 433, 435, 436, 501, 507,
508.

Mysteries of trades, 582.

N.

National Debt, see Debt.
Natural forces cost capital nothing, 422.
Nature, the basis of the labor-process,
199, 201, 227, 230; its two economic
classes, 562; and labor-power primary
wealth creators, 662.

Night Work opposed by laborers, 277.
Nomad Races the first to develop the
money form, 101.

0.

Original Plan of "Capital," 7.

Over-Crowding of laborer by capitalism,
728, 729, 781.
Over-Population, Relative, caused by ac-
cumulation of capital, 691; its different
forms, 703.
Over-Production,

107; its fluctuations explained, 111; the
money-name of labor, 114; without
value, 115; affected by changes in labor
time, 120; of products of handicrafts
and machinery compared, 426.
Productivity, its effect on value, 53; de
pends on proficiency of laborer and
perfection of tools, 374; declared to be
no concern of the laborer's, 611.

Production and Reproduction without
"abstinence," 656.

Production of commodities converted into
capitalist production, 643.

Production of use-value and exchange
value compared, 218; see also Exchange
Value and Use-Value.

Profit, according to classic economy, 525;
not analyzed in volume I, see volume
III.

Property, its different forms, 89.
Protective Legislation for children bene-
fits also the adult, 538.

Protestantism changed holidays into work.
ing days, 303 note.

Public Auction of children. 433.
Public Debt, see Debt.
Public Opinion a tool of capitalists, 632,
Purchase, the second metamorphosis of
commodities, 123.

279.

P.

Pauperism a form of relative over-popu-
lation, 706.

Physiocrats, consider only agricultural la-
bor as productive, 559; their Tableau
Economique, 647.

Piece Wages, a converted form of time
wages, 602; irrationality of their form,
604; their characteristic peculiarities,
605; a form of the sweating system,
606; compared with time wages, 607;
in vogue since the 14th century, 608;
the general rule under the Factory
Acts, 609; lowered in proportion as
the number of prices increases, 610;
see also Wages.

Plato's Republic on division of labor, 402.
Political Economy, as a science a product
of manufacturing period, 400; in an-
tiquity dwells most on use-value and
quality, 401; classic, could not explain
price or value, 589, 590; stuck its
bourgeois skin, 594; its condition in
1848, 17, 19; vulgar, see Absurdities.
Precious Metals, their increase accom-
panied by a fall in prices, 133; see also
Metal, Money, Gold, and Silver.
Price, the money-form of commodities,

Reduction of labor time under capitalism
produces intensification of exploitation,
456.

Relay System, 282.

Religion a reflex of the real world, 91.
Rent, not analysed in volume I; see vol-
ume III.

Reproduction, see Capitalist Production.
Reserve Army, Industrial, created by

modern industry, 533; see also Indus-
trial Reserve Army, Accumulation, and
Machinery.
Revolution, see Capitalist Production, Ag-
ricultural Revolution, Factory System,
and Industry.

Ricardo, his insufficient analysis of value,
92, 566; his three laws of value, 669-
573; his errors, 574.
Rodbertus, his own detractor, 588.
Rcman Empire,, its failure to collect all
ntributions in money, 157.
Roscher's nursery economics, 355, note.
Rumford's receipts for cheap living, 659.

S.

Sale, the first metamorphosis of com.
modities, 119.

Schools, technical and agricultural, 684.
Self-earned Money of capitalists, 637.
Sentimentality in economics, 192.

Silver, see Gold, Metai, and Money.
Slave Labor is unpaid labor, 591.
Smith, Adam, contended that additional
capital is consumed by laborer, 646;
supposed that social capital was only
variable capital, 647.

Social Laws, mistaken by bourgeois for
natural laws, 93, 709; evolved by nat-
ural processes, 373.

Sou! of Capital, surplus-value, 257.
Speculation, see Stock Exchange Gam.
bling.

Stock Companies a means of centralisa-
tion, 68.

Stock Exchange Gambling promoted by
public debt, 827.

Sunday Work, 278; double standard of
justice in regard to it, 291, note.
Superintendence creates no value, 215.
Supply and Demand no explanation for
value or price, 589; used and abused
by capitalists, 702.

Surplus-Labor, 241; not invented by capi-
tal, 259; its intermediate forms, 559;
its natural basis, 561; appears as paid
labor, 591.

Surplus-Product, its concept, 635; be-
comes property of capitalist by virtue
of laws of commodity production, 642.
Surplus-Value, absolute, its concept, 345,
559; its production, 197; the end of
capitalist production, 207; its rate, 235;
calculation of its rate, 242; produced
only by variable capital, 237; its rate
and mass, 831; its mass varies in direct
proportion to the variable capital, 835;
relative, its concept, 142, 45, 559;
explained in detail, 347; three laws de-
termining its magnitude, 569; its nature
concealed by capitalist production, 585;
converted into capital, 636; divided into
capital and revenue, 648.
Survival of the Fittest among agricul
tural laborers of England, 296.
Symbols of money and commodities, 103.

T.

Tableau Economique, see Physiocrats.
Taxation a product of national loans,

829.

Taxes payable in kind a means of pre-
serving the old order, 158.
Terminology of "Capital" explained, 29.
Time Wages, 594; see also Wages.
Trade Unions desire to share benefits of
improved machinery, 611, note.
Traffic in human flesh, 294.
Transition from manufacture to machine
production, its different forms, 517.

U.

Unemployed, parade in London, 736; see
also Over-Population and Machinery.
Unproductive Laborers, their increase,
487.

Ure, denouncing law for reduction of
labor time as a retrogression, 299.
Use-Value, defined and explained, 42;

without exchange value, 47, 48; as
quality compared to exchange-value as
quantity, 52, 53; see also Value and
Production.

V.

Value, its substance and form, 41-96;
crystallised human labor, 45; by labor
time illustrated, 47; as a relation and
an equivalent, 56; equivalent forın illus-
trated, 58; relative and absolute com-
pared, 63; its elementary form, 71;
its expanded relative form, 72; its par-
ticular equivalent form, 73; defects of
its expanded form, 74; its general
form, 75; interdependent development
of its forms, 78; its transition from the
general to the money form, 79; its
creation explained,, 208; how trans-
ferred to the product in production,
222; of constant capital transferred to
the product, 234; represented by differ
ent parts of the product, 245; of com
modities in inverse ratio to produc
tivity, 850; surplus, see Surplus-Value;
in use, see Use-Value; exchange, see
Exchange Value.

Variable Capital, see Capital.
Vulgar Economy, see Absurdities.

W.

Wage Laborer, his incessant reproduction
the indispensable condition of capitalist
production, 625.

Wages, the price of labor-power, 586;
nominal rise may be actual fall, 579;
not equal to full value of product,
587; their variations, 595; lower with
longer working hours, 599; compared
internationally, 614, 615; do not rise
or fall in proportion as productivity
varies, 616; their forcible reduction a
means of accumulation, 657; their gen.
eral movement regulated by industrial
reserve army, 699; regulated by laws
of distribution of population, 700; see
also Piece Wages, Time Wages, and
Variable Capital.

Wage Fund, according to Bentham, 668;
according to Fawcett, 669.

Water and Wind as motive powers, 411.
Watt's genius shown by proclaiming the

universality of the steam engine, 412.
Wealth, National, measured by relative
magnitude of surplus produce, 254; its
primary creators labor-power and land,
662.

Work, unsanitary, a source of disease,
271.

Working Day, indeterminate, 256; capi
talist idea of, 290; summary of its two
historical stages in England, 326-330,
World-Market, 823-834.

X.

Xenophon's bourgeois instinct shown b
his idea of division of labor, 402.