The Effects of Civilisation on the People in European StatesChatto & Windus, 1850 - 264 стор. |
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The Effects of Civilization on the People in European States Charles Hall Попередній перегляд недоступний - 2018 |
Загальні терміни та фрази
2ndly a-year acre Adam Smith advantage allodial animal Appion arise bread cause cerning CHARLES GILPIN civilised countries civilised nations commerce consequence considered consumed consumption corn course crops cultivation degree deprived EFFECTS OF CIVILISATION employed employments England enjoy equal Europe European evident evils farmer furnish give greater Hence human hundred income increase of wealth inequality of property inhabitants interest iron age keep kind labour less lessen lives mankind manner manu manure matter means method millions nature necessaries non-possessor number of hands obtain occasion persons ploughed poor possession possessor potatoes poverty present principal probably procure produce proper proportion quantity raised received refined manufactures render rent requires respect revenue rich rience scarcity SECTION seems shillings sidered species STANFORD UNIVERSITY subsistence suffered sufficient superfluities supplied suppose sustenance taken taxes things thousand tillage tion trade turnips vegetable wheat whole
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Сторінка 52 - ... worst, pigeon of the flock: sitting round, and looking on. all the winter, whilst this one was devouring, throwing about, and wasting it: and if a pigeon, more hardy or hungry than the rest, touched a grain of the hoard, all the others instantly flying upon it. and tearing it to pieces: - if you should see this, you would see nothing more than what is every day practised and established among men.
Сторінка 52 - Among men, you see the ninety and nine toiling and scraping together a heap of superfluities for one, (and this one too, oftentimes the feeblest and worst of the whole set, a child, a woman, a madman, or a fool...
Сторінка 22 - The man whose whole life is spent in performing a few simple operations, of which the effects too are, perhaps, always the same, or very nearly the same, has no occasion to exert his understanding, or to exercise his invention in finding out expedients for removing difficulties which never occur. He naturally loses, therefore, the habit of such exertion, and generally becomes as stupid and ignorant as it is possible for a human creature to become.
Сторінка 22 - He naturally loses, therefore, the habit of such exertion, and generally becomes as stupid and ignorant as it is possible for a human creature to become. The torpor of his mind renders him not only incapable of relishing or bearing a part in any rational conversation, but of conceiving any generous, noble, or tender, sentiment, and consequently of forming any just judgment concerning many even ' of the ordinary duties of private life.
Сторінка 95 - Civil government, so far as it is instituted for the security of property, is in reality instituted for the defence of the rich against the poor, or of those who have some property against those who have none .at alL...
Сторінка 22 - In the progress of the division of labour, the employment of the far greater part of those who live by labour, that is, of the great body of the people, comes to be confined to a few very simple operations ; frequently to one or two.
Сторінка 56 - What the possessor has, the non-possessor is deprived of : ' The situation of the rich and the poor, like the algebraic terms plus and minus, are in direct opposition to, and destructive of each other.
Сторінка 23 - In such societies the varied occupations of every man oblige every man to exert his capacity, and to invent expedients for removing difficulties which are continually occurring. Invention is kept alive, and the mind is not suffered to fall into that drowsy stupidity which, in a civilized society, seems to benumb the understanding of almost all the inferior ranks of people.
Сторінка 43 - ... cultivators, consumes the whole in rustic hospitality at home. If this surplus produce is sufficient to maintain a hundred or a thousand men, he can make use of it in no other way than by maintaining a hundred or a thousand men. He is at all times, therefore, surrounded with a multitude of retainers and dependents, who, having no equivalent to give in return for their maintenance, but being fed entirely by his bounty, must obey him, for the same reason that soldiers must obey the prince who pays...
Сторінка 22 - But the understandings of the greater part of men are necessarily formed by their ordinary employments.