The Economic Interpretation of History: (lectures Delivered in Worcester College Hall, Oxford, 1887-8) |
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action advantage agriculture amount ancient appears assessment authority Bank became believe better British called capital carried causes century charge colonies common condition considerable cost course Crown currency custom deal debt demand doubt duty early economical effect England English entirely especially exchange existence experience exports fact farmer fifteenth followed force foreign France give given gold grants hands Henry imports income increase industry interest issue Italy king labour land landowners latter least less London Lord manufacture means natural never origin paid Parliament perhaps persons political poor possessed possible practice present principle produce profit protection purchase reason rent secure silver success supply taxation tion towns trade United wages wealth whole
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Сторінка 396 - ... of carrying it on until the producers have been educated up to the level of those with whom the processes are traditional. A protecting duty, continued for a reasonable time, might sometimes be the least inconvenient mode in which the nation can tax itself for the support of such an experiment.
Сторінка 396 - Rae, that nothing has a greater tendency to promote improvements in any branch of production, than its trial under a new set of conditions. But it cannot be expected that individuals should, at their own risk, or rather to their certain loss, introduce a new manufacture, and bear the burden of carrying it on until the producers have been educated up to the level of those with whom the processes are traditional. A protecting duty, continued for a reasonable time, will sometimes be the least inconvenient...
Сторінка 117 - The subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to their respective abilities ; that is, in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the state.
Сторінка 396 - The only case in which, on mere principles of .political economy, protecting duties can be defensible, is when they are imposed temporarily (especially in a young and rising nation) in hopes of naturalizing a foreign industry, in itself perfectly suitable to the circumstances of the country.
Сторінка 396 - The superiority of one country over another in a branch of production often arises only from having begun it sooner. There may be no inherent advantage on one part, or disadvantage on the other, but only a present superiority of acquired skill and experience.
Сторінка 396 - A protecting duty, continued for a reasonable time, will sometimes be the least inconvenient mode in which the nation can tax itself for the support of such an experiment. But the protection should be confined to cases in which there is good ground of assurance that the industry which it fosters will after a time be able to dispense with it ; nor should the domestic producers ever be allowed to expect that it will be continued to them beyond the time necessary for a fair trial of what they are capable...
Сторінка 11 - Egypt ceased to be the highway from Hindostan. I discovered that some cause must be at work which had hitherto been unsuspected in the sudden and enormous rise of prices in all Eastern products, at the close of the first quarter of the sixteenth century, and found that it must have come from the conquest of Egypt.
Сторінка 11 - The discoveries were made none too soon. Selim I (1512-20) the sultan of Turkey conquered Mesopotamia and the holy towns of Arabia, and annexed Egypt during his brief reign. This conquest blocked the only remaining road which the Old World knew. The thriving manufactures of Alexandria were at once destroyed. Egypt ceased to be the highway from Hindostan.
Сторінка 344 - The rulers of Great Britain have, for more than a century, past, amused the people with the imagination that they possessed a great empire on the west side of the Atlantic. This empire, however, has hitherto existed in imagination only. It has hitherto been, not an empire, but the project of an empire...