Principles of Political Economy: With Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy

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Longmans, Green, and Company, 1909 - 1013 стор.

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5
36
Of Capital
54
Fundamental Propositions respecting Capital
63
Natural advan
102
Of Cooperation or the Combination of Labour
116
The limited quantity and limited productiveness of land
125
Of Production on a Large and Production on
132
Of the Law of the Increase of Labour
155
The Law of Population
163
The law of production from the soil a law of diminishing
175
Consequences of the foregoing Laws
189
BOOK II
199
Introductory remarks
208
Rights of property in abuses
235
Of Competition and Custom
242
Of Slavery
249
Of Peasant Proprietors
256
66
264
6
276
Continuation of the same subject
283
68
288
Labour which relates to human beings
294
70
301
Of Metayers
302
Of Cottiers
318
Means of abolishing Cottier Tenancy
329
74
341
Of Wages
343
Of the Differences of Wages in different
385
Cases in which wages are fixed by custom
403
Rent the effect of a natural monopoly
422
BOOK III
435
tainment
442
Of Cost of Production in its relation to Value
451
Ultimate Analysis of Cost of Production
457
Labour of invention and discovery
465
Of Rent in its relation to Value
469
Cases of extra profit analogous to rent
476
tions
478
Of the Value of Money as dependent
489
Of the Value of Money as dependent on Cost
499
Of a Double Standard and Subsidiary Coins
507
In what manner it assists production
512
Influence of Credit on Prices
523
Of an Inconvertible Paper Currency
542
Of Excess of Supply
556
Of a Measure of Value
564
Cost of production not the regulator of international
574
Of International Values
583
Money imported in two modes as a commodity and
607
Influence of the Progress of Industry
710
Doctrine of Adam Smith on the competition of capital
725
8
738
Of the Stationary State
746
On the Probable Futurity of the Labouring
752
76
777
79
787
The subsequent History of Cooperation
794
BOOK V
795
Four fundamental rules of taxation
802
EE The subsequent History of Income
819
Of Direct Taxes
823
An Income Tax
829
Of Taxes on Commodities
837
Of some other Taxes
857
GG The Incidence of Taxation
863
Comparison between Direct and Indirect
864
Of a National Debt
873
Of the Ordinary Functions of Government
881
the administration of justice
884
The same subject continued 1 Laws of Inheritance
889
Law and Custom of Primogeniture
891
Entails
894
Law of compulsory equal division of inheritances
896
Laws of Partnership
897
Partnership with limited liability Chartered Companies 899
903
HH Company and Partnership
904
Laws relating to Insolvency
909
Of Interferences of Government grounded on Erroneous Theories 1 Doctrine of Protection to Native Industry
916
Usury Laws
926
Attempts to regulate the prices of commodities
930
Monopolies
932
Laws against Combination of Workmen
933
Restraints on opinion or on its publication
939
Of the Grounds and Limits of the Laisserfaire or NonInterference Principle 1 Governmental intervention distinguished into authori tative and unauth...
941
Objections to government intervention the compulsory character of the intervention itself or of the levy of funds to support it
942
increase of the power and influence of government
944
increase of the occupations and responsibilities of government
945
superior efficacy of private agency owing to stronger interest in the work
947
importance of cultivating habits of collective action in the people
948
Laisserfaire the general rule
950
KK The Factory Acts
959
The Poor
969
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX
981
The later History of Socialism
990
INDEX
996
The theory of dependence and protection no longer appli
1000
740
1006
Wages depend on the demand and supply of labourin
1013

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Сторінка 121 - One man draws out the wire, another straights it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, a fifth grinds it at the top for receiving the head ; to make the head requires two or three distinct operations ; to put it on is a peculiar business, to whiten the pins is another ; it is even a trade by itself to put them into the paper; and the important business of making a pin is in this manner divided into about eighteen distinct operations, which, in some manufactories, are all performed by distinct hands,...
Сторінка 121 - I have seen a small manufactory of this kind where ten men only were employed, and where some of them consequently performed two or three distinct operations. But though they were very poor, and therefore but indifferently accommodated with the necessary machinery, they could, when they exerted themselves, make among them about twelve pounds of pins in a day.
Сторінка 432 - Happily, there is nothing in the laws of Value which remains for the present or any future writer to clear up ; the theory of the subject is complete...
Сторінка 743 - But the best state for human nature, is that in which, while no one is poor, no one desires to be richer, nor has any reason to fear being thrust back by the efforts of others to push themselves forward.
Сторінка 796 - The tax which each individual is bound to pay ought to be certain and not arbitrary. The time of payment, the manner of payment, the quantity to be paid, ought all to be clear and plain to the contributor and to every other person.
Сторінка 946 - Laisser-faire, in short, should be the general practice: every departure from it, unless required by some great good, is a certain evil.
Сторінка 279 - Give a man the secure possession of a bleak rock, and he will turn it into a garden ; give him a nine years' lease of a garden, and he will convert it into a desert.
Сторінка 382 - First, the wages of labour vary with the ease or hardship, the cleanliness or dirtiness, the honourableness or dishonourableness of the employment. Thus in most places, take the year round, a journeyman tailor earns less than a journeyman weaver. His work is much easier.
Сторінка 198 - The distribution of wealth, therefore, depends on the laws and customs of society. The rules by which it is determined, are what the opinions and feelings of the ruling portion of the community make them, and are very different in different ages and countries ; and might be still more different, if mankind so chose.
Сторінка 368 - No remedies for low wages have the smallest chance of being efficacious, which do not operate on and through the minds and habits of the people. While these are unaffected, any contrivance, even if successful, for temporarily improving the condition of the very poor, would but let slip the reins by which population was previously curbed ; and could only, therefore, continue to produce its effect, if, by the whip and spur of taxation, • See Thornton on " Over-Population,

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