house, 23. In the garden-yard, 29, is an Onion and seed room, 24, a fruit-room, 25, an open shed, 26, a potting and tool-shed, 27, and a boiler-shed, 28. A public road lies to the north of the garden, and gives ready access, for carts, to the garden-yard,

manure.

A somewhat larger kitchen-garden will be found in fig. 232, within the homestead of Charles Longman, Esq. The kitchen

garden there (13) is an ample one, being one hundred yards long by forty yards wide, and having a supplementary part, for inferior vegetables, containing about 1600 square yards additional. The whole of these two areas being walled in, there is

most extensive accommodation for trained fruit trees, and the walls of the capacious garden-yards behind are partly employed for the same purpose.

Fig. 216 presents a plan for a kitchen-garden, adapted to a peculiarly irregular site, and to what was originally a very uneven surface. It was prepared for an interesting place belonging to Charles Tennant, Esq., in Peebleshire, and which is called The Glen. The plan suggests a modification of what was formerly a much more irregular garden, preserving the gardener's cottage, (1,) the road at the west side and the back, and the curved wall in the front, which latter is a prominent architectural feature,

having bold buttresses on the side next the pleasure-grounds, and being flanked with two characteristic towers, one of them (2) serving as a small tool-shed, and the other (3) being used as a shelter house. A basin of water was intended at 4, and a series of glass-houses, on a partial terrace, in the north corner of the garden. The front row of these houses was to be span-roofed, each standing separate, and the back row of a lean-to form, with garden sheds behind.

The figures of reference will show the use to which each of the buildings was intended to be put. There is a forcing-pit at 5, a pit for stove plants at 6, a melon pit at 7, a cucumber pit at 8, a general greenhouse at 9, and an intermediate plant-house at 10. There is an early Vinery at 11, and two Peach-houses at 12; a number of other fruit and plant-houses existing in connection with a conservatory near the mansion. At 13 are two boilerhouses; 14 is a tool-shed, 15 an onion and seed room, 16 a young men's living room, 17 young men's bedrooms, 18 a fruit room, and 19 a potting-shed. 20 is a terrace wall, to break the change of surface (which was about 3 feet) between the pits 5 and 8, and put the houses all on a level platform; 21 is a border for climbing plants and flowers in front of the ornamental wall; 22 is a space for a garden yard; and at 23 are various farmbuildings, with a capacious farm steading, labourers' cottages, &c., behind them.

Since the plan was prepared, a new and ample kitchen-garden has been formed in a more eligible spot, and the glass-houses have been constructed in an altered form, but in the same position. The ground, too, has been levelled, and the terrace wall in front of the houses is thus dispensed with. From its prox

imity to the pleasure grounds, also, and the absence of any favourable site for a flower-garden elsewhere, it is now determined to devote this enclosure to purely ornamental purposes, chiefly to flowers,—and it can be converted into a highly characteristic and pleasant feature in this way. Still, the plan may not be without use here, as showing how a very singular, and, as it once appeared, intractable piece of ground can be reduced to a symmetrical outline, that is all the more picturesque for its variety, and is not at all unsuited to the hilly country in which it occurs, nor to the extremely striking and artistic combination of architectural beauties in and around the mansion. This latter

and its accompaniments furnish one of the very finest and boldest modern examples of the old Scotch style, and have been worked out with singular felicity by Mr. D. Bryce, of Edinburgh.

Other kitchen-gardens, containing about half an acre, are depicted in fig. 193, and fig. 233, where they are walled in entirely; as is a smaller one in fig. 177. Another, of about half an acre, walled only on the north and east sides, is shown at fig. 229. And, for a place of moderate pretensions, where the family is not very large, and where such things as winter potatoes are either grown on the farm or are purchased elsewhere, half an acre is about an average size for a kitchen-garden. Larger families will require from three-quarters of an acre to an And mansions of the first class may have from two to

acre.

four acres assigned to this object.

Kitchen-gardens that are not fenced in by walls have sometimes been made circular in form; and this shape may be useful in adapting itself to particular situations, and in appearing to occupy less room. In general, however, curved lines in a kitchen-garden are quite incompatible with convenient cropping; for there are few vegetables that an orderly gardener will not prefer to grow in rows. In a kitchen-garden which I have arranged for Gilbert Henderson, Esq., Recorder of Liverpool, at Rose Trees, on the margin of Derwentwater, I have obviated the above objection by making the garden itself octagonal, with the walks and inclosing hedges in this form; and placed an irregular belt of shrubs, within a wire fence that is circular towards the field, on the east, north, and west, around the whole; thus adapting the exterior outlines to the gently undulating surface of the ground, and to the curves in the neighbouring plantations.

Orchards, when they are allowed a separate existence, can, when practicable, be treated as an adjunct to the kitchen-garden, and be connected with it by suitable walks. For several years after their formation, the ground in them should be cultivated and cropped, among the trees. Eventually, they may be laid down with grass, and treated as paddocks. All the trees in them should be of the standard kind, and may include the less choice or less tender sorts of Apple, Pear, Plum, and Cherry, with a few Damson trees. They should all be planted in rows, and may stand about twenty feet apart.

13. An aviary may occasionally be a very pretty feature in a

garden, and give a character to a spot that would be otherwise dull or defective. It will be proper in almost any of the sites which have been declared suitable for summer-houses; and can be made rustic, or trellised, or architectural, as the locality may demand. It ought, however, by all means to be sheltered, and sunny, and dry, or the birds will never be healthy; and to be kept close and heated artificially for tender birds, or more open and airy for such as are hardier. It should be efficiently paved, or floored with asphalte, to exclude vermin. A recess at the back or end of a conservatory is sometimes selected for canaries and birds from warmer climates, and is particularly appropriate for any song-birds; their notes seeming to sound more natural and tuneful among plants and flowers.

For bees, the kitchen-garden is a more congenial place; though a neat set of hives would not be an unfit decoration to the pleasure-grounds, in a private part. They ought to have plenty of sun, and some shelter, and be kept at a distance of several feet from a walk, that persons may pass by without interrupting them, or incurring the danger of being stung.

Everything in the shape of grottoes, when they take the form of a cavern, is disagreeable, and injurious to health. But if dry and above ground, they are less objectionable. A rustic exterior will commonly be the most consistent, and therefore they should be placed where they cannot be viewed from the house. Some kind of spar will probably make the fittest interior lining; though shells are tolerable if not worked into too fantastic shapes, and made too toy-like. Masses of rock, roots, portions of half-decayed old trees, or rugged arms of trees with the bark remaining, are suitable materials for the outside. Grottoes are very rarely to be coveted, either as picturesque objects or resting-places; a good summer-house being capable of quite as much rusticity, and far more comfort.

it

14. Although lodges will seldom be needed in a small place, may be well to offer a few suggestions respecting them, with an eye to cases in which they can be legitimately introduced. Unless a drive is long enough to carry the entrance so far from the house that the lodge would not be seen from it, the erection of a lodge at all will be very questionable; for one of the first requisites is, that it should not come into view from the windows.

The smaller the place, and the shorter the drive, the more