Treatment: Restore the bone to normal position and hold it in place. To properly reduce the dislocation, some surgical skill and knowledge of the anatomy of joints are required. First-aid men should never try to reduce any dislocations except those of the jaw and fingers.

Sprains: A sprain is a twisting or wrenching of a joint, producing a tearing of the ligaments and sometimes of the surrounding soft parts. It is followed by severe pain and marked swelling and discoloration. Sprains are important injuries and should be properly treated immediately, as sometimes permanent disability may follow failure to give them proper care. They are very often more serious than a fracture.

Treatment: Let the injured person rest; elevate the injured part and fix it in place either with splints or by wrapping the joint tightly with a roller bandage or with adhesive plaster. Give hot or cold applications by placing the injured part in hot or cold water or by the application of towels wrung out of ice water or ` hot water.

Strains: A strain is the wrenching or tearing of a muscle or tendon and is usually caused by violent exertion or sudden unexpected movements. A strain generally occurs in the muscles or tendons of the arms or legs. The symptom is sudden, sharp excruciating pain.

Treatment: Let the injured person rest; bandage the injured part tightly or apply adhesive plaster. It is sometimes necessary to prevent movement of the part by splinting.

Burns and Scalds: Burns are caused by exposure of the body to dry heat, such as the heat of fire or explosions of gas and powder, whereas scalds are produced by moist heat, as the heat of boiling water or steam. The danger from a burn depends upon its depth and extent, and also on the age and general condition of the person injured.

The symptoms in a first-degree burn are: Severe, burning pain, reddening of the skin, formation of blisters; in a second-degree burn destruction of the skin; in a third-degree burn, destruction of the skin and some of the tissue beneath. In severe burns shock is present.

Treatment: Carefully remove the clothing from the burned part, exclude the air as quickly as possible from burned surface with some clean covering and treat for shock.

The most generally used covering for burns is picric-acid gauze. This is ordinary sterile gauze which has been saturated with onehalf to one percent. solution of picric acid. It has this advantageit is clean and ready for use. Moisten the picric-acid gauze with clean water and put it over the burned surface. Over the gauze place a layer of absorbent cotton then apply a bandage to hold in place.

Carron oil, which is a mixture of equal parts of limewater and linseed oil, is often used, and is very good. It is applied as follows: Take a piece of sterilized gauze large enough to cover the burned surface; saturate the gauze with carron oil and cover the burn. Dress with absorbent cotton and cover with a bandage.

Vaseline, sweet oil, olive oil and balsam oil are all good dressings. If nothing better is at hand dissolve some bicarbonate of soda in sterilized water. Gauze wrung out of this and spread over the burn will give relief. Remember that severe burns are accompanied by shock, and always treat a burned patient for shock as well as for burns.

Schaefer Method of Artificial Respiration: Free the victim from electric current conductors or in case of drowning, roll on a barrel to expel water and instantly remove him to fresh air. Rapidly feel with the finger in his mouth and throat and remove any foreign body (tobacco, false teeth), then begin artificial respiration at once. Proceed as follows:

Lay the subject on his stomach with arms extended as straight forward as possible and with face to one side so that the nose and mouth are free for breathing. Let an assistant draw forward the subject's tongue.

Kneel straddling the subject's thighs and facing his head; rest the palms of your hands on the loins (on the muscles of the small of the back) with the fingers spread over the lowest ribs (Fig. 467 A).

With arms held straight, fingers forward, slowly swing forward so that the weight of your body is gradually and without violence

brought to bear upon the subject (Fig. 467, B). This act should take two to three seconds. Then immediately swing backward so as to remove the pressure, returning to the position swing in Fig. 467, A. Repeat regularly 12 to 15 times per minute the swinging forward and backward, completing a respiration in four or five seconds.

As soon as this artificial respiration has been started and while it is being conducted an assistant should loosen any tight clothing about the subject's chest or waist. Continue the artificial respira

tion without interruption until natural breathing is restored (if necessary two hours or longer) or until a physician arrives. If natural breathing stops after having been restored, use artificial respiration again. Some patients have been revived after several hours of hard work.

As soon as signs of life appear the lower limbs should be elevated and rubbed vigorously toward the heart. Hot applications should be used over the heart if practicable. If the patient gains consciousness and is able to swallow give hot coffee or half-teaspoonful doses of aromatic spirits of ammonia and treat as in shock. Do not put any liquid in the patient's mouth until he is fully conscious. Give the patient fresh air, but keep him warm.

Send for the nearest doctor and pulmotor as soon as the accident is discovered.

Automobile Repair Shop Medicine Chest.-The following extracts are from an article by Dr. W. R. Ingraham published in the Scientific American. The instructions are so plainly given that they can be followed to advantage by the repairman and machinist, and the various remedies and supplies mentioned may be advantageously included in the shop equipment because the various minor accidents that may happen in the shop may be treated by some shopmate or member of the clerical force trained for this duty, and men kept at work after minor wounds are dressed.

Remedy for Slight Burns.-Does the "Handy Man" ever burn himself? Of course. One of the best, most convenient remedies he can use is solution of picric acid in water. It is very satisfying and just a little gratifying to have the excessive pain of first degree burns instantly quieted. First degree burns are superficial, and the nerve endings, not being destroyed as in the deeper second and third degree burns, set up a howling remonstrance in the way of pain. Picric acid of a strength 1 to 200 (about one-third teaspoonful to one pint of water) or a saturated solution is used. It is antiseptic and will prevent suppuration. It is analgesic and “will make it feel good." It stains yellow, but the stain comes out in the wash. Keep a small vial handy. When you get a burn (if skin is not broken), sprinkle a little acid in a basin of water. Saturate a strip of gauze or cloth with this and bandage in place. In

a very little while (or as soon as the picric acid coagulates the albuminous exudate) the pain is quieted.

For Deep Burns.-Use picric acid as above for deeper burns (blisters and broken skin) but more carefully. Pour a little alcohol in the basin to be used. Roll it about so that the alcohol wets all the inside. Set it on fire and every germ in that pan dies in-. stantly. Pour water that has been boiled from the teakettle into the pan, and add the picric acid. Bandage the burn with clean aseptic gauze and saturate it with solution. Blisters should be opened and contents expressed. Open them with a needle, the business end of which is sterilized by holding in the flame of a match. The soot will do no harm. For still deeper burns or burns of large area (third degree) much can be done by the above to alleviate suffering until a physician can be had, but send for him at once. The attending shock is serious.

For Small Cuts and Abrasions.-If the Handy Man cuts his finger or knocks the skin off his knuckle he should proceed as follows: 1. Cleanse the wound. Hydrogen peroxide is becoming a favorite antiseptic and with good reason. Besides being a germ killer it acts and cleanses mechanically. Its effervescence dislodges and carries away dirt and any foreign matter that might infect the wound. Try it on a splinter of decayed wood at which you have picked and fussed in an endeavor to extract. The hydrogen peroxide "boils" it right out. Therefore cleanse the cut by pouring on from a bottle a little of it, full strength. (A medicine dropper is convenient.) 2. Dust on a little aristol. Aristol is an iodine compound, having the useful antiseptic properties of iodoform, but lacks the disagreeable odor and irritating properties of the latter. With the exudate from the wound it forms a good artificial antiseptic scab. It may be purchased in small sifting top bottles. 3. Apply a protective dressing.

A bit of absorbent cotton pasted down over the wound with collodion forms a stiff protecting shield, which stays in place. It may be washed over with soap and water and will not require renewal for two or three days. For a contused finger nail, or cut near the end of a finger so liable to painful knocks it forms a stiff, comfortable thimble that is soft inside, looks better than a rag and