not difficult to remove the remaining tongue from the wheel felloe rim. When replacing this locking ring, the first step is to catch the tongue on one end of the ring under the wheel felloe rim by inserting it in the notch nearest the edges of the rim. The ring is then forced in place all around and finally locked by bringing the remaining tongue in the groove nearest the center of the wheel and then springing that in place over the projecting portion near the edge of the rim. The method of installing a straight side tire when a rim of the form shown at Fig. 419, 1-A, is used is clearly shown at Fig. 422, D and E. The section at D shows the method of installing the spreader member at the base of the valve properly while the general application of the locking ring may be clearly ascertained at E.

Tools for Tire Repairs.-It is necessary in all cars using pneumatic tires to carry a certain amount of equipment for handling and repairing these on the road. A typical outfit is shown at Fig. 423, this supplementing two spare outer casings, and two or more extra inner tubes for replacement purposes. Included in the repair outfit are a blowout sleeve, a number of patches, and an acidcure vulcanizing outfit for applying them. Tire irons are provided to remove the casing from the rim; the jack is used to raise the wheel of the vehicle on which the defective tire is installed from the ground and make it possible to remove the tire completely from the wheel. The air pump is needed to inflate the repaired tube or the new member inserted to take its place. Talcum powder is provided to sprinkle between the casing and the tube to prevent chafing or heating, while the spare valves and valve tool will be found useful in event of damage to that important component of the inner tube. As it is desirable to inflate the tires to a certain definite pressure, a small gauge which will show the amount of compression in the tire is useful.

The outfit shown may be supplemented by other forms of vulcanizing sets and by special tire irons to make for easier removal of the outer casing. Tire irons vary in design, and most makers of tires provide levers for manipulating the casings, which differ to some extent. A set of tire irons such as would be needed with a clincher tire equipment could be selected from the forms shown

Fig. 423.-Tools and Supplies for Pneumatic Tire Restoration.

at Fig. 423. That shown near the gauge is utilized to loosen the clincher bead from under the rim should it become rusted in place. After the shoe has been loosened from the rim flange, levers of the form shown below it would be inserted under the bead in order to lift it over the rim. Two or more of these levers are necessary, the long ones being more easily operated than the short ones. The length of the lever provided will depend entirely upon the size of the tire to be removed. Motorists, as a rule, should carry one of the releasing levers shown, two of the short members depicted and one longer lever. The latter may be a combination form which can be used as a jack handle as well as a tire iron, and then it is not necessary to carry a jack handle in the equipment. The flattened ends are generally employed for prying the bead from the clincher rim, and when this has been done and sufficient space exists between the bead and the rim to insert the curved end of the large levers, considerable leverage is obtained and the bead may be lifted over the clincher rim without undue exertion. The object of rounding the corners, and of making the working portions as broad as possible is to reduce the liability of pinching the inner tube, which would be present if the irons had sharp edges.

A

The tire repair material is sometimes carried in a special case, as shown at top of Fig. 423, this consisting of all parts necessary to make temporary repairs to be considered in proper sequence. This outfit is sometimes supplemented by other special tools. knife is needed to cut the rubber, trim patches, etc. The stitcher and roller are useful in rolling the patch after it has been cemented to the tire to insure adhesion of the patch firmly against the damaged portion of the tube while the cement is drying. Some motorists carry a small flame heated vulcanizer in order to effect more permanent repairs than would be possible with the simple patching processes in which only the adhesive powers of dry cement are available.

Portable Air Compressor.-Some Locomobile cars are equipped with a single cylinder air compressor, having a bore of 21⁄2 inches, and a stroke of 21⁄2 inches, which may be considered typical of such devices which are often included on recent models of leading cars. It is mounted on an extension of the front end of the transmission

Fig. 425.-View Showing Construction of Small Air Compressor Used

on Locomobile Cars for Tire Inflation.

countershaft, and driven by means of jaw clutches, which can be thrown in and out of engagement by a T handle located on the left side of the car, and reached by opening a door in the runningboard side shield. By drawing handle outward about 1e of an inch, advancing one notch to the left in a serrated segment and releasing, jaw clutches are interlocked and pump is ready for use. Air is drawn into the cylinder through holes drilled around same below radiating fins. Foreign matter is excluded by means of a removable screen. On the upper stroke of the piston the air is forced out of the cylinder by unseating a flat valve into a small tank placed at the right of the air compressor, and mounted in front of the transmission carrying channel. The purpose of this tank is to overcome the pulsation of the pump only and not to act as a reservoir.

By means of a two-way fitting air is drawn out of the tank through a delivery tube leading to a fitting which projects through the left side member of the frame adjacent to the T handle mentioned above. One end of the tire hose is screwed on to this fitting when tires are to be inflated. The location of the two-way fitting on the tank is such that any sediment or oil falls to the bottom of the tank, and is not drawn out through the delivery tube. With the motor running at normal speed the air compressor will inflate a 37 x 5 inch tire to 90 pounds pressure in about two minutes. Every 2000 miles, or oftener if the compressor has been used frequently, the oil in the crank case should be replaced. The crank case is drained by removing a plug located on the bottom. To fill, remove both the large and small plugs on the left hand side, and pour oil through the larger hole until it overflows through the small hole. In case the oil which was removed seems especially dirty, fill the crank case with kerosene and drain before putting in new oil. This compressor is clearly shown in Fig. 425.

Tire Manipulation Hints.-In removing or replacing outer casings, considerable care must be exercised not to injure the shoe or pinch the inner tube. The first step is to jack up the wheel from which the defective tire is to be removed, thus relieving the wheel of the car weight. The valve inside is then unscrewed in order to allow any air that may remain in the tube to escape, and then the