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NATIONAL.

40-FIRING ORDER 1-3-4-2.

Magneto Setting-Piston .0625 inch past top dead centre, lever fully retarded.

SIX-FIRING ORDER 1-5-3-6-2-4.

Magneto Setting-Piston .125 inch before top dead centre, lever fully retarded.

NORWALK.

C AND D-FIRING ORDER 1-4-2-6-3-5.

Atwater Kent-Piston is .093 inch past centre with distributor set at retard.

OLDSMOBILE.

54-FIRING ORDER 1-5-3-6-2-4.

Delco-Spark occurs at piston dead centre with hand spark lever fully retarded or .390625 before dead centre with lever fully advanced.

OVERLAND.

79-FIRING ORDER 1-3-4-2.

Magneto Setting-One and one-quarter inches after dead centre (flywheel), lever fully retarded.

PACKARD.

2-38-FIRING ORDER 1-4-2-6-3-5.

Magneto Setting-Piston .5 inch before top centre, lever fully advanced.

PAIGE.

25 AND 36-FIRING ORDER 1-3-4-2.

Magneto Setting-Place No. 4 piston on top dead centre (Compression stroke). Points should just begin to break.

PIERCE-ARROW.

SIXES-FIRING ORDER 1-5-3-6-2-4.

Magneto Setting-Magneto mark on flywheel should be 4.8125 inches ahead of 1 and 6 top centre and 1 showing in timing window. Piston is .5 inch before top dead centre of 33 degrees of crank circle. Battery spark occurs with piston 2.125 inches before top dead centre or 75 degrees of crank circle with spark lever fully advanced.

PILOT.

50-FIRING ORDER 1-3-4-2.

60-FIRING ORDER 1-5-3-6-2-4.

Magneto Setting-Points break with lever fully retarded and piston on dead centre.

POPE-HARTFORD.

35-FIRING ORDER 1-2-4-3.

Magneto Setting-Piston top dead centre. Maximum advance of magneto .5 inch on piston travel.

PREMIER.

6-48 AND WEIDELY-FIRING ORDER 1-4-2-6-3-5.

Magneto Setting-Piston dead centre, lever fully retarded.

REGAL.

C, T, N AND NC-FIRING ORder 1-2-4-3.

Magneto Setting-Piston top dead centre, lever fully retarded.

REO.

FIFTH-FIRING ORDER 1-3-4-2.

Remy System-Piston top dead centre when indexing button on distributor engages.

SAXON.

A-FIRING ORDER 1-3-4-2.

Atwater Kent-Piston dead centre, distributor fully retarded.

SIMPLEX.

38 AND 50-FIRING ORDER 1-3-4-2.

Magneto Setting-Piston .015625 inch before top dead centre. 75-FIRING ORDER 1-3-4-2.

Magneto Setting-Piston dead centre or slightly after.

SPEEDWELL.

H-FIRING ORDER 1-5-3-6-2-4.

Magneto Setting-Points break with piston at top dead centre.

ROTARY-FIRING ORDER 1-5-3-6-2-4.

Magneto Setting-One-sixteenth inch after top dead centre, lever fully retarded.

STEARNS-KNIGHT.

FOUR-FIRING ORDER 1-2-4-3.

SIX-FIRING ORDER 1-5-3-6-2-4.

Magneto Setting-Piston top dead centre, points breaking.

STEVENS-DURYEA.

C 6-FIRING ORDER 1-4-2-6-3-5.

Magneto Setting-Figure 1 showing in timing window, 25 degrees before top dead centre (flywheel).

STUDEBAKER.

FOUR-FIRING ORDER 1-3-4-2.

SIX-FIRING ORDER 1-5-3-6–2–4.

Remy System-Spark occurs .75 inch after top dead centre.

VELIE.

5 AND 9-FIRING ORDER 1-3-4-2.

10-FIRING ORDER 1-5-3-6-2-4.

Magneto Setting-Piston top dead centre.

WINTON.

SIX-FIRING ORDER 1-5-3-6-2-4.

Magneto Setting-Piston .125 inch after top dead centre, lever fully retarded and points breaking.

Battery System Hints.-See that the wires are heavy enough to carry the current and that all the connections are kept clean and bright as every corroded joint causes needless resistance.

Inspect battery connections, etc., occasionally, as they have a habit of working loose.

Look well to the ground connection, which should be very securely made and placed where it will not corrode.

Be sure the battery, especially if dry cells are used, is where it cannot get wet, as the paste-board may absorb sufficient moisture to short circuit the cells.

See that all wires are securely fastened so that they cannot by any means rub or chafe against either wood or metal parts; especially the secondary wires.

Frequently examine the condition of the plugs, as plug trouble is often looked for elsewhere.

Don't allow the wires to become water- or oil-soaked, as short circuiting will probably result.

Don't screw down electrical connections with the fingers, as a tight joint cannot be made. Use pliers.

Don't allow the storage battery to get so far discharged that it will not operate the coil. See that the vibrators are set as lightly as possible to run the engine without skipping, otherwise they will waste current.

Don't take it for granted you have ignition trouble every time the engine stops.

Don't start out knowing the battery to be nearly exhausted, as it may run all right to start with, but will probably go out of business at a most inopportune time and place.

Don't adjust the coil vibrator for the biggest possible spark, as it wastes current.

Don't think the coil is no good if the vibrators do not buzz exactly alike.

Don't test storage batteries with an ammeter unless they are charging or discharging.

Don't strain the coil by disconnecting the secondary wires completely so that no spark can jump, or by testing how far it will jump.

Don't screw or nail anything on to the coil box, as you may injure it.

Don't tolerate any loose wires or poorly made connections. Fix them at once.

CHAPTER VI

MOTOR STARTING AND LIGHTING SYSTEMS

Leading Methods Outlined-Mechanical Starters-Pneumatic Starters-Pres to-lite Primer-Electric Starter Forms-Generator and Starting Motors -Generator Driving Means-Starting Clutches and Gearing-Switches and Current Controlling Devices-Typical Wiring Diagrams-Delco System-Bijur-Hartford, Auto-Lite-Gray & Davis-Chalmers-EntzRemy-Faults in Motors and Generators-Faults in Wiring-Typical Lighting Systems.

ONE of the pronounced developments of the last two or three years has been the general adoption of various starting means for setting the engine in motion without recourse to the usual form of hand crank. Some of these motor starting systems merely replace the usual hand crank with some means of turning the motor over without leaving the seat by purely mechanical connections. Others, on 1912 and 1913 models of a few cars, depend on air pressure, while the most popular and generally applied forms to 1916 model cars depend on electricity as a source of power for a small electric starting motor. Electric starting and lighting systems have been made in many forms, though the basic principles of operation are practically the same in all systems that can be grouped in several main classifications. It will not be possible to describe all in a general treatise of this nature, but if the features of the leading systems are outlined it will not be difficult for the repairman to became familiar with the principle of other systems which may be slightly different only in points of minor detail. Before discussing the electrical starting means, it will be necessary to give brief consideration to the mechanical and pneumatic starting systems which have received some degree of practical application and which are still advertised in trade prints.

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