the centre by a pivot or step journal mounted on a substantial concrete base and at the outer periphery by a series of rollers carried in supporting castings securely anchored to the concrete foundation. The form shown at B, carries the weight on a large ball bearing and has an added feature of having a catch basin for water and other drippings from the car at its centre, so this material will be conducted to a drain instead of filling the pit as is the result when no precautions are taken for drawing the liquid off. The design shown in section at C, is a modification of the type illustrated at B.

One of the most useful of the accessories comprising the assembling floor equipment is the load-raising and supporting jack, various forms of which are shown at Fig. 16. The type at A, is a ratchet form having a single trip lever which can be set so that the same movement of the actuating bar will either raise or lower the lifting ram as desired. The jack at B, is similar to that at A, except that the lifting ram is provided with a double head, making it possible to use the jack on those low axles where it is difficult to get the jack directly under the member to be raised. The jack at C, is a double geared arrangement in which the nut serving to raise the lifting screw is turned by bevel gears worked by the customary lever. The tire saving jack which is shown at D, is used for keeping the wheels of cars that are to be stored for some time off the floor and thus relieve the tires of the car weight. These jacks have the advantage of being very quickly handled and are used one under each hub cap of the car to be raised. The lifting ram may be adjusted to suit different wheel heights by means of a series of ratchet teeth which enable the lifting link to secure either a long or a short hold on the ram member. In addition to the types of jacks shown, a number of other forms have been marketed which do not give the quick lifting necessary for use in making repairs, but which are much stronger and better adapted for weight carrying purposes when the car is to be supported for any length of time. The form shown at E, is composed of three substantial wooden legs, forming a tripod and jointed together at their apex by angle pieces of steel. The lifting ram or screw may be raised or lowered by imparting motion to the nut resting on top of the wooden tripod. The form at F,

E

is composed of three castings, the centre one being placed under the car axle, while the two outside ones form the base of the device. The height of the load-carrying member can be adjusted to a degree by placing the clamping bolt which holds the assembly together through the desired hole in the lifting ram. The form at G, is similar in action to that at E, except that the tripod is a substantial member made by slotting a steel tube at three points and then spreading the legs apart and joining them by the brace pieces near the base. The jack or support at H, may be constructed by any repairman and is made of substantial timbers. The construction is so clearly shown that further description should be unnecessary.

Every repairman has occasions when it is necessary to take care of a car which has met with some accident to the wheels, axles or steering knuckles, so that it is impossible for the car to proceed on its own wheels. Towing such a car back to the garage is a tedious job if proper provisions are not made for supporting the injured end of the car in a secure manner and yet one that will not offer any appreciable friction. The common method of procedure with a broken axle or wheel on a horse-drawn vehicle is to use a heavy beam as a support for the injured member, one end being secured to the good axle, while the other is allowed to trail on the ground. This is not a good system to use with a heavy automobile, because the friction between the end of the beam and the ground is so great that it will be a great strain on the towing car if the load is to be moved for any distance. A simple emergency truck which is known as the Weaver Ambulance, and with which the makers claim one driver is capable of towing in a disabled car, is shown at Fig. 17, A. The truck and one method of using it is illustrated, and the marked feature is the ease with which it may be attached and removed. Besides being used to support the front end of the car, as in the illustration, the truck may be employed as a substitute for any one of the wheels. The tongue portion is adjustable to suit requirements of the work to which the device is applied.

Mention has been previously made of the utility of a portable crane in the repair shop. These are capable of handling a wide diversity of work and it is a practical and not expensive sub

Fig. 17.-Weight Carrying and Lifting Appliances for the Repair Shop.

stitute for an overhead rail system. In the repair shop, for instance, it has the special advantage of being able to get into places that the overhead crane cannot reach. This form may be taken

to the work, whereas the work has to be taken to the usual overhead trolley. It is of strong construction, and one man can handle four thousand pounds by its aid, picking the same up with ease, transporting same, and placing it in any desired position. These cranes are made in various styles, the ordinary range of sizes adapted for repair shop work varying from one to three tons' capacity. The crane shown at D is a very substantial and strong form, and is shown in use lifting an engine out of a frame at B. Another form of portable hoist is shown at C. This is virtually a high trestle mounted on wheels and well braced. Two winding drums are used, each serving one lifting rope. Owing to the drum operation by small pinions and long hand cranks, the leverage is very great, and one man may raise any load within the capacity of the crane.

The need of some form of chain hoist in garages where the portable crane is not used is more marked at the present time than was formerly the case when automobiles and their components were lighter than they are to-day. The rapid growth of the motor truck industry also means that heavy pieces must be handled. Where it was formerly common practice to cast motor cylinders individually and in pairs, it is now general practice to use 4 and 6 cylinder block castings which are difficult to handle, especially in the larger sizes.

The chain hoist also forms an important unit of all overhead trolley systems, as a very effective travelling crane may be contrived by using a simple wheeled trolley, running on a commercial T-section beam and having a hook to which the chain falls may be attached. The Simplex chain hoist shown at Fig. 17, E, is a twospeed device permitting great leverage and slow speed for heavy loads, and greater speed, though lessened leverage, for lighter weight. As will be noticed in the accompanying illustration, an endless chain runs over a chain wheel, which in connection with a pinion and brake wheel with ratchet teeth in its outer rim forms an automatic brake to prevent the load from descending.

The pinion attached to the hand chain wheel drives a spur gear, which is keyed to a second shaft, at the end of which is another pinion. The last named member engages with an internal spur