Attorney-General's ex officio infor-
mation, 99; origin of practice,
100; procedure on, 101; policy
of, 102.

Augustus first watched defamatory
libels, 43.

Authors, criticisms on, 138; ridicule
of, 171; who are, 271; when
not having first copyright, 281;
contracts of, with publishers, 300;
joint adventure with publisher,
300.

BACON on amending laws of church,
Preface, vi.

Bakers' work on Sunday, 356.
Baldacchino, if legal, 431.
Bank Holidays as to bills of ex-
change, 361.

Bankrupt, calling a tradesman, 176,
178; owner of MSS. becoming,
263; owner of copyright of
printed book becoming, 279.
Baptism, duty of clergy as to, 471.
Baptists, inscription on tombstone,
434; see Dissenters.
Barbauld on toleration, 523.
Baxter tried for reflecting on govern-

ment, 78; as recusant, 520.
Bees, tithe of, 457.

Behaviour, security for, as punish-
ment for libel, 148, 212, 226.
Bells of church, 430.

Benefices, 390 (see Advowsons,
Church, Clergy); presentation
of priest to, 421; pluralities,
444; union of, 445.

Bible, ridiculing and denying, 66;
copyright in, 284.

Bill of exchange on Sunday, 361.
Bill of Rights as to right of petition-
ing, 33.

Birmingham, example of seditious
libel there, 83.

Bishop, as to obedience to law, 78;
libelling for seeking preferment,
112; and clergy anciently lived
together, 389; advowson of one
who is appointed, 396; original
mode of appointing, 407; is the
king's judge in ecclesiastical
causes, 408; subject to arch-
bishop, 408; appointment by
congé d'élire, 409; consecration
of, 409; as peer of Parliament,
410; cannot sit on trial of peers

for capital offences, 410; depriva
tion, 411; powers and duties of,
411; vacancy in office, 413; may
now resign, 414; may appoint
suffragan, 414; power to order
employment of curates, 417; as
to qualifications of priests, 422,
424; license for non-residence,
440; committing waste, 442;
old law as to hunting, 487; juris-
diction of, 493; has veto in
criminal suits against clergy, 497;
old law as to conviction of, 497;
prohibiting clergymen in his
diocese, 505.

Bishops, petition against sitting of,
in Parliament, 36.
Bishops, Seven, tried for abusing
petitioning, 33; tried for libel,
78 required to give sureties of
peace, 212.

Blasphemy, law as to, 61; apostacy,
62; early statutes, 63; ex-
isting statutes as to, 64; common
law as to, 65; power of juries as
to, 66; remedy for, 67; punish-
ments for, 68; arresting speakers
and writers of, 97.

Bona fide travellers on Sunday,
364.

Bonds, resignation, 401.

Books, criticisms of, 138; early
practice as to fixing price of, 242;
modern practice as to, 274; what
are, 271, 274; see Copyright.
Bookseller, how far liable for libels
sold, 159.

Booths for plays, 309.

Breach of peace, if libel is, 148, 227.
Breach of privilege, 106; instances
of committal, 110, 112; modes
of punishing, 114; House order-
ing Attorney-General to prose-
cute, 114.

Bread Acts as to Sunday, 357.
Bunyan, imprisonment of, 520.
Burdett, Sir F., petitions as to, 36;

committal of, 113; trial for, and
place of trial, 213.

Burke, on stirring up discontent,
79; on ex officio informations,
102; on argued judgments, 121;
on libel law, and juries, 220; on
grades of clergy, 406; on church
establishments, 475, Preface, ix.;
on persecuting Papists, 537.

Burning libels, 228; heretics, 501.
Business, slandering one in, 175.

CAIRNS, L., on trade mark, 343.
Calling names, how far libellous,
164, 168.

Camden, L., on seditious libel, 80;
on House of Commons, 108; on
privilege of Parliament, 202; on
juries in libel cases, 220, 221;
on copyright, 257.
Canning on toleration, 528.
Canon law, alleged divine origin of,
379.

Canons of English Convocation how

far binding, 383; if new can be
made, 384; Parliament can alter,
386; two modern canons made,
386; how far part of common
law, 472.

Catholics, see Roman Catholics.
Celibacy of clergy, 482.
Censorship of the press, early prac-
tice, 50; abolition, 51; of plays
still retained, 305; of tomb-
stones, 433.
Ceremonies of public worship, 472;
leading, 474; test of legal, 477;
remedy for changing, 498.
Certifying places of worship, 507.
Chairman of public meeting, powers
of, 27.

Chamberlain, L., licenses plays,
307; also theatres, 308.
Chapel of ease, 417.
Chapter, Dean and, 414.
Character, personal, how acquired
and protected, 8; master's libel
excused in giving servant's charac-
ter, 186.

Charities of dissenters, 530; Lady
Hewley's, 530.

Charles I., libel on, 89.
Charles II., libel on, 89.
Chart, copyright in, 312.
Chartist petition, signatures to,
35; arresting lecturers on, 97.
Chastity, slander on, when a cause
of action, 174.

Chatham, L., on bold language at
public meetings, 85.
Chelmsford, L., on Sunday Acts,
358.

Chesterfield, L., opposing the dra-
matic censorship, 306.

Chillingworth on religious belief,
Preface, viii.; on toleration, 522.
Christian religion, public denial of,,
64; blasphemy as to, 66; statutes
against, 67.

Christianity, if part of law of
England, 351.

Church and state, meaning of words,
371; supposed alliance between,
372; alleged submission of clergy,
372; Royal supremacy in church
affairs, 374; coronation oath,
376; meanings of word "church,"
376; Protestant Episcopal Church,
376; doctrines of, how far pro-
tected by law, 378; alleged divine
origin of canon law, 379; councils
and convocations of, 380-386;
general control of property and
ecclesiastical commissioners, 387;
Henry IV. asked to seize revenues,
388; origin of parishes, 389;
advowsons, 390-400; presenta-
tion of priest to, 421; parson's
freehold in, 427; consecration of,
428; rates, 429; repairs of, 429;
bells, 430; organ, 430; altar and
holy table, 431; ornaments in,
431; baldacchino, 431; reredos,
stations of cross, crucifix, flowers,
432; collecting alms in, 468;
ceremonies in, 476; processions
in, 477; cross, kneeling, incense,
&c., 477; exempt from poor rate,
488; order in seats and pews,
435; right to keys of, 435; com-
pelling attendance at, 519.
Church Discipline Act, 497.
Churchwardens, duties, 434; break-
ing into church, 435; duty as to
pews, 435; order in church, 435;
dissenter as, 435.
Churchyard, inscription on tombs
in, 433; repair of fences, 435.
Clarendon's History, copyright of,
258.

Clergy (see also Church), being
libelled, 153; slandered for im-
morality, 176; libelling their
parishioners, 191; slandering
from pulpit, 206; once bound to
read Act against profane swearing,
367; alleged submission of, 372;
bound by canons, 383; purchasing
advowson or presentation, 392;
how far bound to obey bishop,

412; numbers of, in England and
Wales, 418; residence of, 438;
dilapidations, 441; letting of
clergy house, 443; pluralities,
444; union of benefices, 445;
tithes, 447; rectors and vicars,
451;
duties as to communion,
baptism, marriage, 470; varying
publie worship, 475; position of,
during public worship, 478; vest
ments of, 478; engaging in trade,
480; farming land, 481; enter-
ing Parliament, 481; holding
municipal offices, 482; celibacy
of, 482, 484; recreations of,
486; exemption from taxes, 487;
receiving confessions, 488; re-
signing office, 489; remedy
against, under Church Discipline
Act, 497; under Public Worship
Act, 498; committing criminal
offences, 498; schism and heresy,
498; contravening Thirty-nine
Articles, 503; immorality and
drunkenness of, 504; performing
service in another parish, 505;
excommunication, suspension, de-
privation, 509; peculiarities in
procedure against, 514; costs as
to, 514.

Clerk receiving a libel on his
master, 157.

Clubs with unlawful objects, 24.
Coaches on Sunday, 358.

Cobbett's libel on L. Hardwicke,
L.L., 94, 170.

Cockburn, C.J., on criticising public
men, 92.

Coffee-houses, if king could shut
up, 19.

Collecting alms in church, 468.
Commendam, benefices held in, 405,
Comments on judges, 124.
Commission, High Court, 495.
Committal for breach of privilege,
110.

Common Prayer, copyright in, 284;
authority of, 475; depraving of,
502.

Commons, House of, irresistible

power, 106, 108; if it can go
wrong, 108; publishing debates
in, 115; see Parliament.
Communion, duty of clergy as to,
470; ceremonies during, 478;
vestments during, 478

Commutation of tithes, 461.
Complaints to official superior, if
libellous, 193.

Confession at bar of Parliament,

120; clergy receiving, 488.
Congé d'élire as to bishops, 409.
Congregations, disturbing, 489;
of dissenters appointing pastors,
531; changing their creed, 532.
Consecration of bishops, 409;
of priests, 423; of churches,
428; bishop prohibiting service
in unconsecrated building, 505.
Conspiracy to hiss an actor, 311.
Constitution, libels on the, 95.
Contagious disease, libel imputing,

Contempt of Parliament, 106; see
Privilege.

Contracts of printers and custom of
trade, 48; of authors and pub-
lishers, 300.

Contradicting a libel, effect of not,
216.

Conventicle at first deemed sedi-
tious, 78.

Conventicle Act, 520, 524.
Convocation, origin of, 381; power
to make canons, 382; power to
make new canons, 384; as means
of checking heresy, 386; appeal
from inferior courts, 493.
Coparceners having advowson, 395.
Copying a libel, how far criminal,
158.

Copyright, as a property, 14; first

notions of, in English law, 241;
early statutes as to, 242; first
Act of Anne on, 243; its pro-
visions, 244; its practical effect
on authors, 245; progress of
early decisions as to, 246;
reasons why copyright does not
differ from other rights, 248;

Talfourd, Landor, and Disraeli
on, 249; reasons alleged for con-
fiscating copyright, 249; what
is meant by perpetual copyright,
251; as easily identified as other
property, 252; Erle, J., on copy-
right, 253; chief cause of differ-
ences between early judges as to,
254; false analogies in early
treatment of, 255; not a mono-
poly, 256; nature of, in MS.,
258; lending MS. to friends,
258; assigning MS., 260; if
there can be dedication of MS.
to public, 261; publishing MS.
against owner's will, 262; bank-
ruptcy of owner of MS., 263;
in lectures and addresses, 265;
in unpublished letters, 266; if
letters are joint property of writer
and receiver, 268; publishing
letters without writer's consent,
270; in letters to newspapers, 270;
who is an author and what is
literature, 271; first publication
in United Kingdom, 272; inter-
national, 272; treaties as to in-
ternational, 273; fixing price of
books and compelling republica-
tion, 274; what is a book, 274;
in newspapers, 275; in blas-
phemous, immoral, and seditious
books, 276; date of publication,
277; registering books, 278; as-
signment of, 279; is personalty,
279; when author has not radical
right, 281; of Crown, 281; of
University, 283; of Crown in
Bible and Prayer Book, 284;
Crown copyright in statutes and
proclamations, 285; in law
books, 285; infringement of,
generally, 287; in Directories,
and quasi-mechanical books,
289; infringement by books on
same subject, 290; infringement
by copying title of book, 290;
infringement by way of a review,
291; infringement by adding
notes, 291; infringement by
abridgment, 292; infringement
by importing pirated copies, 293;
interference with, by recitation
and dramatising, 294; remedy
by action for infringement, 295;
by penalties, 297; remedy by

injunction for infringement, 297;
in periodicals, 299; in dramás,
301; in engravings, maps, charts,
312; in lithographs, 312; in
paintings, drawings, and photo-
graphs, 314; in sculptures, 316;
in designs, 317; distinguished
from patent right, 319.
Coronation oath, 376.
Coroner, right to regulate entry of
public, 125; not liable for slander,
197.
Corporation Act of 1661, 520; in
city of London, 525.
Corporations, libelling and being
libelled, 153.

Correspondence, copyright in, 266.
Costs, in criminal prosecutions for
libel, 230; in actions for libel
and slander, 240; in criminal
suits of clergy, 514.

Councils of church, 380.

Counsel in courts slandering third
parties, 185.

County Court judge can in some

cases commit for contempt, 136;
not liable for slander, 197.
Court, contempt of, 121; right of
public to enter, 125; publishing
premature reports, 128; reports
of ex parte proceedings, 130;
reports where no jurisdiction in,
131; contempt for acts out of,
133; what courts can commit for
contempt, 135; inferior courts
and judges, 136.

Cranworth, L., on trademark, 340;
on Christianity as part of the
law, 352; on dissenters' mode of
worship, 533.

Credence table, legal, 431.
Creditor libelling his debtor, 191.
Creed of dissenters, changing of,
532.

Crime, libel or slander imputing,

163.

Criminal information for libel, 99,

207; offences of clergy, 497.
Cross, legality of, in churches, 432,
477; sign of, 477.
Crown, speech not gift from, 4;
right to petition, 30; prerogative
as to press, 46; license as to
publishing news, 55; proclama-
tion of, as to seditious libels, 84;
libels on, 85; older doctrines as

to libels on, 87; libels on James
I., Charles I., Charles II., 89;
Wilkes's libel on, 89; Junius's
libel on, 90; libelling the king
as insane, 91; statutes as to
intimidating, 91; copyright of,
281; copyright in almanacs, 282;
may use patents without pay-
ment, 320.

Crucifix in church, 432.

Curate, perpetual, 416; has not a
benefice, 417; stipendiary, 417;
bishop may order employment of,
417; bishop may revoke license
of, 418; stipend of, 418; num-
bers of in England, 418; right to
chair at a vestry, 438.
Curran on liberty of press, 41.
Cursing, 364; punishment, 365.
Custom of trade of printers, 48; as
to tithes, 462; as to dissenters'
trusts, 530.

Custos morum, doctrine of, 69.

DAMAGES, in actions for libel, 239.
Dead, libels on the, 154.
Dean and Chapter, 414; their pre-
ferments, 415; regulation of
estates and endowments, 415;
rural, 416; of peculiars, 416.
Debates in Parliament, publication
of, 115.
Debating societies, lawfulness of,
26; on Sundays, 361.
Dedication of MS. to public, 261;
of patent, 336.
Defamation, see Libel.

Definition of liberty of press, 38;
blasphemous libel, 62, 65; im-
moral libel, 70; of seditious libel,
80; of personal libel, 144.
Degradation, a punishment of

clergy, 511.
Del., word denoting engraver's
mark, 314.

Delegates, court of, 494.

Denman, L., as to ex officio infor-
mation, 103.

Deprivation as a punishment, 511.
Desecration of church, 428.
Dilapidations, ecclesiastical, 441,

443.

Directories, copyright in, 289.
Disraeli on copyright, 249.
Dissenters, intolerance as to, 515;
Toleration Act, 521; registration

of meeting-houses, 523; disturb
ing worship, 523; serving as
sheriffs, 525; trust property and
mode of preserving it, 529; inter.
pretation of deeds of trust, 529;
their charities, 530; length of
possession of property, 531;
mode of appointing pastors, 531;
changing their creed, 533; their
civil and religious freedom, 534;
marriages of, 534; Quakers and
Unitarians, 535; Roman Catho-
lics as, 536; Jews as, 545; street
preaching, 549.

Distress, recovery of tithe rent-
charge by, 465.

Disturbance of public meeting, 27;
of divine service, 489, 523.
Divine origin of canon law, 379;
of tithes, 449.

Divine service, disturbing, 489.
Donative advowsons, 397; origin
of, 397.

Doors of dissenting chapels to be
open, 523, 535, 541.

Dramas, copyright in, 301; assign-
ment of, 303; infringement of
right in, 304.

Dramatising a novel, if an infringe-
ment, 294.
Ducking of scolds, 147.

EASTER dues, recovery of, 466.
Ecclesiastical commissioners, 388;
extent of property, 388.
Ecclesiastical courts, remedy for
defamation in, 208; criminal
jurisdiction of, 497; interpreting
Prayer-book, 503.

Ecclesiastical jurisdiction, early
notions, 370; generally, 491;
appeal from courts, 493; watched
by temporal courts, 494; excesses
of, 495.

Ecclesiastical laws subject to amend-
ment, 350.

Editor of newspaper, how far liable
for libels, 161; calling one a felon
editor, 165.
Egyptians, trial of the dead by, 154.
Election of vestries and corporation
officers on Sunday, 355.
Ellenborough, L., on poor men as
politicians, 79; definition of a
seditious libel, 80; as to libelling
the king, 91; as to ridiculing