The Relation of Labor to the Law of To-dayG.P. Putnam's Sons, 1891 - 305 стор. |
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accordingly Adam Smith arbitration and agreement capable capital cause century Chartists cities commodity condition consequence courts of arbitration day's demand for labor diminished doctrine duction economic effect elevation employed employers and laborers employment England English laborers entirely equal rights existence factory greater handiworkers income increase of wages independent individual interests journeymen Kettle labor contract Labor Guilds labor question labor stipulations laborer and employer laboring classes law against coalitions Law of Apprentices legislation limitation manufacturers mass of laborers masters means ment moral Mundella nations necessary needs number of apprentices number of laborers obtain organization Parliament participation parties Physiocrats ployers political economy possible principle progress protection rate of wages regulations relations repeal Robert Owen seller sinking social social classes standard of living strike supply of labor tion to-day trades unions Turgot universal suffrage wages of labor wealth Wherefore whilst whole workingmen
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Сторінка 4 - The rich will be growing richer; and the poor, at least relatively, poorer. It seems to me, apart altogether from the question of the labourer's interest, that these are not conditions which furnish a solid basis for a progressive social state; but, having regard to that interest, I think the considerations adduced show that the first and indispensable step...
Сторінка 290 - India. Machinery to be well used has to help and ease human effort. The present use of machinery tends more and more to concentrate wealth in the hands of a few in total disregard of millions of men and women whose bread is snatched by it out of their mouths.
Сторінка 4 - And again, under the same head of " Discouraging Prospects " (page 283), he writes : " We see, then, within what very narrow limits the possibilities of the laborer's lot are confined, so long as he depends for his well-being on the produce of his day's work. Against these barriers trades unions must dash themselves in vain. They are not to be broken through or eluded by any combinations, however universal ; for they are the barriers set by Nature herself.
Сторінка 132 - The regular and natural relation between employers is that of a feud — namely, competition. Now they must at once renounce this their nature and together combat a third party, and as long as their interest shows this to be for their advantage they are undoubtedly ready to do it. But the longer the struggle lasts, the greater is the temptation for the separate employers, by desertion from their class and by separate treaties of peace, to get to the market, which is stripped of their products and...
Сторінка 233 - ... laborers to increase and satisfy their physical and spiritual needs; because better food, more careful fostering, greater and more moral recreation increase the power to work, and because they increase the pleasure in labor. ... In other words, an increase in wages and a decrease in the time of work lead to a greater performance, because they elevate the standard of living of the laborer, a higher standard of living necessarily spurs to greater intensity of labor, and at the same time makes the...
Сторінка 124 - ... in the interest of the public, as well as in that of the company. There was a ticket office established at the station, and therefore the case of the plaintiff, prima facie, fell within the statutory provisions. The conductor did not know, and ordinarily could not know, whether the ticket office there had been kept open continuously for an hour before the...
Сторінка 4 - Evarts he is anxious to raise them : '•The first and indispensable step toward any serious amendment of the laborer's lot is that he should be, in one way or another, lifted out of the groove, in which he at present works, and be placed in a position compatible with his becoming a sharer in equal proportion with others in the general advantages, arising from industrial progress.
Сторінка 39 - In short, in the fourteenth century commenced the transformation of the trades into entails of a limited number of families, — though this number may have been large ; and the narrow-minded spirit of capital, petty rivalries, and hateful egotism began to take the place of the great idea of association and solidarity under which the Craft-Gilds grew up and flourished.
Сторінка 3 - ... depending for each day on the result of the day's work. But I desire to go further than this. I think the considerations which have been adduced show that even a very great change in the habits of the laboring classes as bearing upon the increase of population — a change far greater than there seems any solid ground for expecting — would be ineffectual, so long as the laborer remains a mere receiver of wages, to accomplish any great improvement in his state — any improvement at all commensurate...
Сторінка 163 - ... which controls the wages of labor under the relations of to-day." And a few lines below he indicates the effects of this law in the following manner : " From the proceeds of production so much is taken and distributed among laborers in the form of wages as is requisite for the perpetuation of life. " The entire surplus of production — the proceeds of labor — falls to the employer. " It is therefore a consequence of this iron and cruel law that the laborers are necessarily excluded even from...