Fundamentals of CosmologySpringer Science & Business Media, 17 квіт. 2013 р. - 303 стор. This is a textbook intended for students and researchers who wish to under stand the physics of standard "big bang" cosmology and how it is used to interpret the most recent observations. It is based on courses given over the last seven years to beginning graduate students at the University of Paris and to advanced undergraduates at l'Ecole Poly technique. Since the great major ity of these students did not intend to become professional cosmologists, I have emphasized subjects that should be of general interest. Progress in observations over the last ten years has been truly astounding and a new textbook might be justified simply to report on recent break throughs. The traditional successes of modern cosmology are well-known. Among these are the dynamical understanding of the universal expansion, the prediction of the cosmic microwave background radiation, and the calculation of the abundances of the light elements. To these we can add new observa tions that suggest that we are beginning the era of "precision cosmology." Perhaps most spectacular was the observation this year of the first acoustic peak in the anisotropy spectrum of the cosmic background radiation by the Boomerang and Maxima collaborations. These beautiful measurements have convinced many people that the universe has a nearly critical energy density and that a complete understanding of structure formation may be at hand. |
Зміст
1 | |
Observational Cosmology | 39 |
Coordinates and Metrics | 85 |
The Field Equations 125 | 124 |
Friedmannology | 151 |
The Thermal History of the Universe | 179 |
Structure Formation | 221 |
Appendix 275 | 274 |
References | 293 |
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absorption annihilation apparent magnitude Astrophys baryons Boltzmann equation calculated CBR anisotropies Cepheids Chap clock comoving coordinates constant cosmological cross-section dark matter deceleration density contrast density fluctuations determined dr² early universe Einstein electrons energy density estimated Exercise expansion rate flux Friedmann equation function galactic galactic halo galaxy clusters geodesic gives gravitational halo homogeneous universe horizon Hubble distance Hubble radius Hubble's law hydrogen implies inflation inflationary inflationary epoch inhomogeneities interactions Lorentz Lorentzian luminosity magnitude mass matter epoch measured neutrinos Newtonian nucleosynthesis number density objects observed over-dense region parameters particles peculiar velocities photons potential primordial quasars radiation epoch ratio reactions recombination redshift relative relativistic Robertson-Walker metric scale factor Sect shown in Fig sin² spatial spectrum stars stellar structure formation supernovae t₁ temperature tensor thermal equilibrium trajectories vacuum energy wavelength wimp ΩΛ ΩΜ ΩΤ