pressions? What are the conditions of single vision with two eyes, and of double vision with one eye? 375.

Which is the least sensible part of the receptive nervous surface of the eye, and by what experiment may it be domonstrated? 379. Describe the osseous walls of the tympanum, and the small bones contained in that cavity. 381.

Describe the physiological effects of the section and of the irritation of the vagi nerves. 395.

REPRODUCTION.

Give an account of the phenomena classed under the head of the "alternation of generations.' 399.

Describe the form, movements, and development of the spermatozoa; and state the grounds for attributing to them the essential part in the act of fecundation. 402.

Describe the mammalian ovum, and give an account of the changes which it undergoes up to and inclusive of the formation of the placenta.

405.

Describe the first formation of the sanguiferous system in the human fœtus, and the principal changes which it undergoes, up to the establishment of pulmonary respiration. 411.

Describe the structure and offices of the Wolffian bodies; and explain their relations to the genital organs.

412.

State the peculiarities of the heart, blood-vessels, and liver of the mature fœtus, by which these organs differ from their conditions in the adult. 413.

Describe the principal stages of the development of the nervous centres in the human foetus; and state how far these correspond with the permanent forms of those organs in the lower animals.

PRINCIPLES OF DISEASE.

Describe the more important changes the blood undergoes in various acute and chronic diseases State the arguments in support of the doctrine that diseases originate from morbid blood, and give examples in illustration. 419.

Explain the occasional results of hyperemia (excess of blood), and give examples of each. 419.

Describe degeneration of arteries, and discuss the effects arising from this condition. 453.

Explain the pathology of hemorrhage, the circumstances which favour its occurrence, and its effects, local and general. 425.

Explain the term atrophy. Mention its causes, and show how they operate in producing either general decay, or atrophy of particular organs or tissues. 435.

Describe the varieties of tubercle, their relations to each other, and their terminations. 447.

Describe the process of suppuration, including an account of the various modes in which purulent formations take place. 449.

Describe the pathological characters of adenocele, its symptoms, diagnosis from other diseases of the breast, and the appropriate treatment. 465.

Describe the varieties of cancer, and the mode in which cancer affects the brain, the liver, and the stomach respectively. 473.

Enumerate the various chemical compounds used as disinfectants or deodorizers. Mention the circumstances which render their employment expedient, and describe their mode of application. "Lectures on Public Health."

Give an account of the effects of muscular exercise on the various

organs, and its influence on the general health. "Lectures on

Public Health."

Explain briefly the meaning of the physiological terms, chyme, chyle, sangufication, absorption, nutrition, secretion, excretion, development. Glossarial Index.

ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, ENGLAND.

DIGESTION.

Describe the process of mastication, the muscles employed, and their respective actions. 70.

State the position and relations of the three salivary glands of the mouth, and the course of their ducts; and mention the properties and uses of the saliva. 71.

Give an account of the function of digestion, describing the changes the food undergoes in its passage throughout the alimentary canal, and the means by which these changes are effected.

80.

Describe the form, situation, blood-vessels, nerves, and structure of the pancreas. State the nature and chemical properties of its secretion, and the purposes that the pancreatric fluid is supposed to serve in the function of digestion. 84.

CIRCULATION.

Is it proved that there is a circulation of the blood in the body? if so, state the facts which prove it. 125.

Describe the arrangement of the muscular tissue of the walls of the ventricles of the heart, and describe the source and distribution of the cardiac arteries, veins, and nerves. Explain the mode in which the sounds of the heart are generally supposed to be produced. 126.

Give an account of the structure of the arteries, capillaries, and veins; and explain the part which each set of vessels takes in the circulation of the blood. Mention the views generally entertained respecting the formation of the pulse. 138.

RESPIRATION.

Describe the minute structure of the lungs; and state the changes produced by respiration in the blood, and in the respired air. 152. Mention the agents, muscular or other, by which the function of respiration is accomplished. 73.

Describe the form, the structure, and the anatomical relations of the tonsil; and state what are its functions.

154.

What muscles raise the soft palate? To what extent is it elevated in deglutition? 75.

Where is the chyle formed, what is the mode of its absorption, and how is it conveyed into the blood? 100.

State the different modes in which absorption is believed to take place, and give an account of the functions which are ascribed to the mesenteric glands, and to the absorbent glands in general. 100. Mention the different forces that move the blood both in the arteries and veins in man. What is the arterial pulse? 136.

Describe the structure of the larger and smaller arteries and of the capillary vessels, and their respective offices in circulation and nutrition. 138.

Describe the mechanism of respiration; the changes which take place in the form and size of the chest, and in the lungs; and give a short account of the agencies by which these changes are effected. The origin and insertion of muscles, and the chemistry of respiration are not included in this question. 154.

What are the phenomena of an ordinary inspiration and expiration? 154.

What is the average number of respirations in a minute during health? What is the average amount of air inspired at each inspiration? What is the average extreme capacity of the lungs for air in man, as tested by a forcible expiration following a deep inspiration? 157.

Upon what nerves is the impression made, and by what nerves is the notice transmitted to the cerebro-spinal axis, by which the act of coughing is induced? Is the effort voluntary or involuntary, and how is its nature in this respect designated by physiologists of the present day? And what are the muscular actions by which a forced or abrupt expiration is effected? 157.

Give a brief physiological explanation of the following actions :Coughing. Sighing. Sneezing. Vomiting. 157.

State the composition of the air we breathe, and the changes

which the air and the blood undergo in their passage through the lungs. 162.

SECRETION.

Enumerate the blood-vessels of the liver; mention the parts from which they severally arise; and describe the uses of the different vessels.

184.

Give the chemical composition of bile; and state the purposes which this secretion is believed to effect both with regard to digestion and to the general system.

187.

Describe the structure of the kidney, and state the chemical composition of the urine. 196.

What are the causes assigned for the redundancy of lithic acid in the urine? How is the excess ascertained? What are the injurious effects, if the excess continue ? And what is the treatment of such excess, prophylatic and curative? 211.

What is hæmaturia? Mention the sources from which the blood may be derived in such cases, and state the symptons on which your diagnosis would be formed. 226.

INNERVATION.

Mention the principal situations in which nervous ganglions are found; describe their external appearance and internal structure; and, finally, state their supposed functions. 250.

Describe the structure, attachments, and processes of the dura mater. State also the situation and uses of the several sinuses connected with it. 259.

If the tunica arachnoides be considered to form the serous cavity of the cerebro-spinal axis, what is its disposition and extent? 259. State the peculiarities of the cerebral circulation, and describe the structure and arrangements of its arteries and veins. 260.

Describe the peculiarities of the circulation of the blood in the brain; and state the reasons assigned for the peculiarities in the form, structure, and disposition of the vessels, both afferent and efferent.

260.

In what respects do the blood-vessels carrying the blood from the brain differ from veins generally? What reasons can you give for the peculiarities observed in the sinuses of the dura mater? 263.

Describe the structure of the cervical portion of the spinal marrow, and the origin of the different nerves which arise from it. 264.

MOTION.

What bones are tied together by yellow ligaments? Describe their structure and functions. 298.

De

Describe the composition and minute structure of bone. scribe also the original formation of the flat bones, such as the parietal, and of the long bones, such as the humerus. 306.

Enumerate the different kinds of cartilage that exist in the human body; describe the peculiarities of intimate structure that distinguish each variety, and state the purposes which each answers. 301. Describe the minute structure of muscular fibre. 312.

Mention examples of muscles of the body acting as levers of each kind, and state the reason for the large preponderance of those acting as levers of the third kind. 320.

VOICE.

What are the functions of the epiglottis? Explain how the opening of the glottis is closed. 324.

Describe the cartilages, ligaments, and muscles of the larnynx, stating their relative connexions and uses. 324.

SPECIAL SENSES.

Enumerate the structures which compose the skin, and describe its functions. 332.

Describe the formation, composition, properties, and uses of the epidermis. 333.

Describe the minute structure and mode of formation of the cuticle nails and hairs. 333.

Describe the distribution, and generally supposed functions, of the nerves of the tongue. 345.

Describe the course, relative connexions, final distribution and functions of the 3rd and 1st division of the 5th nerves, beginning with an account of their entrance into the orbit. 346.

Give

Describe the structure, connexions, and uses of the iris. a description also of its blood-vessels and nerves. 364. Describe the distribution of the several nerves which go to the nose. 349.

Describe the structure and functions of the eyelids, with their muscles and nerves. Describe also the lacrymal apparatus and the course of the tears. 353.

What are the actions of the muscles of the globe of the eye?

354.

Describe the tympanum, its position in the ear, its boundaries, the foramina, and eminences seen on its walls. Describe the ossicula, and the muscles attached to them. 381.

Describe the Eustachian tube, its composition, situation, direction, length, the size of its tube, its openings, and use. 383.

Describe the origin, connexions, distribution, and functions of the spinal accessory nerve. 394.