Principles of PlutologyWilliams and Norgate, 1876 - 206 стор. |
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Adam Smith admitted afford amount analysis ascertain carbonic acid cause chapter chemistry circulating capital classification cloth co-element coals comber combination combing commodities compound consequence consideration consumed consumed capital cost of production cotton deduction definition of capital degree demand destined distinction doctrine economists employed engine equal exchange exists fact fall Fawcett fixed capital Hence Herbert Spencer horses human increased inductive iron J. S. Mill kinds of wealth land latter laws of value less machinery manufacture material McCulloch means method Mill nature object outlay plutologist plutology political economy possess pounds present principle productive labour Professor Cairnes profits proprietor proximate elements quantity question ratio regarded relation render rent respect result rise scientific Scrope sense shillings soil sold stimulated desire substances supply supposed term theorem things third tical tion truth utilities valuable vegetable wage-fund wages whole wool words
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Сторінка 172 - What capital does for production, is to afford the shelter, protection, tools and materials which the work requires, and to feed and otherwise maintain the labourers during the process.
Сторінка 198 - The acquisition of such talents, by the maintenance of the acquirer during his education, study, or apprenticeship, always costs a real expense, which is a capital fixed and realised, as it were, in his person. Those talents, as they make a part of his fortune, so do they likewise of that of the society to which he belongs.
Сторінка 20 - I shall, therefore, in this treatise, when speaking of wealth, understand by it only what is called material wealth, and by productive labor only those kinds of exertion which produce utilities embodied in material objects.
Сторінка 75 - Of the capital engaged in the production of any commodity, there is a part which, after being once used, exists no longer as capital; is no longer capable of rendering service to production, or at least not the same service, nor to the same sort of production.
Сторінка 142 - The difficulty of attainment which determines value, is not always the same kind of difficulty. It sometimes consists in an absolute limitation of the supply. There are things of which it is physically impossible to increase the quantity beyond certain narrow limits.
Сторінка 200 - Capital which in this manner fulfils the whole of its office in the production in which it is engaged, by a single use, is called Circulating Capital.
Сторінка 2 - The object of Political Economy is to point out the means by which the industry of man may be rendered most productive of those necessaries, comforts, and enjoyments, which constitute wealth; to ascertain the proportions in which this wealth is divided among the different classes of the community ; and the mode in which it may be most advantageously consumed.
Сторінка 164 - ... is taken, cannot, in their extreme instances be clearly discriminated from those which lie without. Some equivocal example is then taken, and the framer of the definition is challenged to say in which category it is to be placed. Now it seems to me that an objection of this kind ignores the inevitable conditions under which a scientific nomenclature is constructed, alike in political economy and in all the positive sciences. In such sciences, nomenclature, and therefore definition, is based on...
Сторінка 142 - ... consists only in the labour and expense requisite to produce the commodity. Without a certain labour and expense it cannot be had ; but when any one is willing to incur these there needs be no limit to the multiplication of the product. If there were labourers enough and machinery enough, cottons, woollens, or linens might be produced by thousands of yards for every single yard now manufactured.
Сторінка 31 - There is, for example, one large class of social phenomena in which the immediately determining causes are principally those which act through the desire of wealth, and in which the psychological law mainly concerned is the familiar one that a greater gain is preferred to a smaller.