The Principles of Population: And Their Connection with Human Happiness, Том 1W. Blackwood and sons, 1840 - 544 стор. |
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acres afford agricultural ancient arising artificial wants Asia Minor Britain British empire British islands capital Catalonia causes circumstances cities civilisation comfort commerce condition consequence crease cultivation demand for labour despotism early effect Egypt empire employment England enjoyments Europe evil exertions existence extent fertility Flanders foreign France Gibbon globe greater habits happiness human race Ibid improvement indigence individual industry influence inhabitants Ireland Irish Italy Jovellanos labouring classes land later stages laws limitations Lombardy lower orders luxury maintain mankind manufacturing marriages means of subsistence ment Mesopotamia millions misery nature numbers observation operation oppression opulence peasantry peasants period Persia plains Poland political poor present prevails principle of increase principle of population produce progress proportion proprietors prosperity provinces ranks redundant Reisbeck rendered riches Russia Scotland Scythian situation soil Spain square mile stages of society suffering tion tivators Travels Turkish vast wealth whole
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Сторінка 76 - ... the song of joy is no more heard among the branches ; and the earth is strewed with that foliage which once bespoke the magnificence of summer. Whatever may be the passions which society has awakened, we pause amid this apparent desolation of nature. We sit down in the lodge " of the wayfaring man in the wilderness," and we feel that all we witness is the emblem of our own fate.
Сторінка 44 - In the next twenty-five years, the population would be forty-four millions, and the means of subsistence only equal to the support of thirty-three millions. In the next period the population would be eighty-eight millions, and the means of subsistence just equal to the support of half that number. And, at the conclusion of the first century, the population would be a hundred and seventy-six millions, and the means of subsistence only equal to the support of fifty-five millions, leaving a population...
Сторінка 43 - Let us suppose that the yearly additions which might be made to the former average produce, instead of decreasing, which they certainly would do, were to remain the same; and that the produce of this island might be increased, every twenty-five years, by a quantity equal to what it at present produces. The most enthusiastic speculator cannot suppose a greater increase than this. In a few centuries it would make every acre of land in the island like a garden.
Сторінка 43 - In the next twenty-five years, it is impossible to suppose that the produce could be quadrupled. It would be contrary to all our knowledge of the properties of land. The improvement of the barren parts would be a work of time and...
Сторінка 44 - In this supposition no limits whatever are placed to the produce of the earth. It may increase for ever and be greater than any assignable quantity; yet still the power of population being in every period so much superior, the increase of the human species can only be kept down to the level of the means of subsistence by the constant operation of the strong law of necessity, acting as a check upon the greater power.
Сторінка 44 - In the first twenty-five years the population would be twenty-two millions, and the food being also doubled, the means of subsistence would be equal to this increase. In the next twe.ntyfive years the population would be forty-four millions, and the means of subsistence only equal to the support of thirty-three millions.
Сторінка 269 - With grim delight the brood of winter view A brighter day, and heavens of azure hue, Scent the new fragrance of the breathing rose, And quaff the pendent vintage as it grows.
Сторінка 193 - Ten or twenty workmen are more or less intoxicated every Saturday, and for the most of Sunday ; every farthing which can be spared is too often converted into ardent spirits. The same individuals who, a year before, were reduced to pawn their last shreds of furniture to procure subsistence, recklessly throw away the surplus earnings of more prosperous times in the lowest debauchery. The warnings of religion, the dictates of prudence, the means of instruction, the lessons of adversity, are alike overwhelmed...
Сторінка 522 - ... Population, 1840, i. 520 : ' It is in the midst of this prodigious manufacturing population that the human race advances with alarming rapidity, and shoals of human beings are ushered into the world without any adequate provision existing for their comfortable maintenance. Such is the improvidence, the recklessness, and the profligacy which characterize the great bulk of the urban population in all the great cities of the empire, that the rate of increase bears no proportion to the permanent...
Сторінка 43 - ... in proportion as cultivation extended, the additions that could yearly be made to the former average produce must be gradually and regularly diminishing.