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that as a general thing, work in the country is not done under the regulations of a plumbing ordinance, and for that reason in a majority of cases the work is put in without venting, though the country resident is gradually being convinced that he should have as good and as sanitary work in his house as his city brother.

Acknowledging that work of this kind has to be done, we show this plumbing system invented, and as a precaution against syphonage, show drum traps under the fixtures instead of the ordinary strap, which is more susceptible to syphonage.

On such work, the style of trap shown, or one of the modern anti-syphon traps, we believe far preferable to the S trap.

It will be noticed that in accordance with Fig. 134, our elevation shows the well located above the cesspool, which

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FIG. 136.

should be demanded in order to lessen the danger of leeching of the contents of the cesspool into the well.

In Fig. 136 we give another elevation, showing the water supply for the house with windmill pumping to the storage tank.

This and the drainage system elevation are generally combined in one drawing, but on such a small scale greater clearness is obtained by keeping them separate.

Thus far in this series we have done more work in connection with the drainage end of plumbing than with the water

supply, though both are equally important.

This needs attention before we bring our series to an end, and will therefore next claim our attention.

It will be a good plan for those interested, to work out the two elevations which appear in this article, using, however, a much larger scale, for the use of a small scale makes this work of such a puttering nature that it becomes very tiring, and furthermore, a larger scale would allow of showing small details, such as fittings, wiped joints, etc., and these little points go a long way to make an attractive drawing.

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the former showing wrought iron pipe, and the latter lead. In each of these illustrations, A and B represent globe valves in two positions, A being seen from the side, and B from a position where the wheel appears in front of the valve. These same positions respecting the stop cock are shown at C and D. E shows a bibb.

A simpler and quicker way of showing this work, and one that is often just as desirable, is shown in Fig. 139, A, B, and C showing respectively a globe valve, stop cock and bibb.

If it is desired to make a distinction between the hot and cold pipes, it may be done by drawing one with solid lines, such as Fig. 139 shows, and the other by dotted lines. The same effect can be obtained very satisfactorily by showing the cold pipes with blue pencil or ink, and the hot with red. We might add, by the way, that this method is often followed in making the distinction between the drainage and the venting system of plumbing work.

Comparing Fig. 137 with Figs. 140 and 141, it will be seen in the former that the fittings are made of the same diameter as the pipe, while in the latter, which show larger sized pipes, the size of the fitting is made larger than the pipe.

The latter method is usually adopted in showing steam piping, while the former is used in water piping.

In Fig. 140, A, B, C and D show respectively the ell, reducing ell, tee, and reducing tee.

Fig. 141 shows 45-degree connections, with the main, from which the connection is taken, showing sidewise, while

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tween the sections should be about as our sketch shows it, that is, one-half the width of the section itself.

In putting in the semi-circles at the top and bottom of the radiator in Fig. 144 it is best to draw a line, such as shown by the dotted lines in the sketch, and

very little explanation, the drawing itself showing how the work should be laid out.

The drawing of a miter coil, such as shown by Fig. 146, needs some little attention, however. Lay out the horizontal and vertical pipes first and carry the lines until they meet each other. It will be found that the points of intersection

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Fig. 144.

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Fig. 147.

will be on an angle of 45 degrees, such as the dotted line shows in the sketch.

Having put in this line, which should be done in light pencil, the centers for striking the curves of the several ells may be taken on this line.

In taking up much of the work considered in this article, we are not adhering strictly to the requirements of the plumber, but as the work of the plumber and fitter are so closely allied, this work will prove of value to the average plumber we believe.

Our readers will find plenty of good practice work in the illustrations which we have presented in this chapter, and the drawing of valves, radiators and coils will be found of special value.

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