ber of different scales upon it than the flat scale. At the same time, if a flat architect's scale having a quarter and eighth scales can be procured, it will answer all purposes.

The flat scale has one great advantage over the triangular, from the fact that one often has to turn the latter several times before finding the scale desired, whereas the flat scale shows plainly at all times.

Now having looked into the subject of the different scales, let us apply it in the making of the several plans for a cottage house, this being the simplest construction that we can use for our purpose. Suppose we have a house to plan whose main dimensions are 36 feet x 24 feet. If we use a scale of 4 inch = 1 foot, the plans will appear 9 inches x 6 inches, which calls for a larger space than we can afford to give up, although if we were laying out this work on a sheet of paper rather than on the page of a publication where every inch is of value, the quarter scale for work of this kind would be far preferable. Under the conditions we are obliged to show the plans and elevation of this work on a scale of % inch = 1 foot, and in much of the large work we should have to resort to a scale even smaller, probably 1-16 inch 1 foot.

The cellar plan we show in Fig. 126, and such parts of the first and second floors as contain plumbing work are shown respectively in Figs. 127 and 128. In addition to the plans, we show in Fig. 129, a very simple elevation of the work in question. This elevation is of the most rudimentary style, but it gives us as much information in the line of plumbing as an elaborate and finished elevation; all

we require is a knowledge of the distance between floors and the depth of floor timbers, and in addition the pitch of the roof in order to know the length of the vertical line of soil pipe. This elevation is obtained by viewing the house from the front, and it will be seen that in this view the two stacks would appear one behind the other. After drawing the cellar wall, to locate the position of the

Roog

attic

2nd Floor

Showing

Height of
Stacks

Ist. Floor

Cellar Bottom

Fig. 129. Elevation for Cottage House.

stacks in Fig. 129, measure to the left of the wall a distance equal to the distance on the cellar plan from the foundation to the center of the main drain.

We show simply a single line to designate the length of the soil pipe risers. If those of our readers who are not used to scaling drawings will figure out the distance in feet between the several floors and the depth of floor beams, it will be good practice for them, and this might be done also with the cellar plan.

In Fig. 130 we give two simple sketches of the two stacks shown on the cellar and floor plans. The same scale that has been used on these plans is used on the elevations of the two stacks, as far as heights between floors, etc., is concerned, but the diameter of the pipe, length of fittings, etc., is not drawn to this scale; in fact, not to any scale.

It can readily be seen that if this scale were followed on the piping the diameter of the 4-inch pipe would appear on our drawing as only 1-24-inch, which would be too small to show well. It will usually be found almost impossible to adhere to the scale on the piping for the reason just given.

We would advise the reader as excellent practice work, to work out the several floor plans on some scale larger than that which we have followed, completing fully the two floor plans which we have shown only partially complete, and also completing the work on the elevations of Fig. 130, by showing the fixtures and all their connections.