stand not this he will either not desire them at all, or else be so cold and lukewarm in his desires after them that God will even loathe their frame of spirit in asking for them. Thus it was with the Church of Laodiceans; they wanted knowledge of spiritual understanding; they knew not that they were poor, wretched, blind, and naked. The cause whereof made them and all their services so loathsome to Christ that he threatens to spew them out of his mouth. Men without understanding may say the same words in prayer as others do, but if there be an understanding in the one and none in the other, there is, oh there is a mighty difference in speaking the very same words!— the one speaking from a spiritual understanding of those things that he in words desires, and the other words it only, and there is all,

2. Spiritual understanding espieth in the heart of God a readiness and willingness to give those things to the soul that it stands in need of. David by this could guess at the very thoughts of God towards him. And thus it was with the woman of Canaan; she did by faith and a right understanding discern (beyond all the rough carriage of Christ) tenderness and willingness in his heart to save, which caused her to be vehement and earnest, yea, restless, until she did enjoy the mercy she stood in need of.

An understanding of the willingness that is in the heart of God to save sinners: there is nothing will press the soul more to seek after God and to cry for pardon than it. If a man should see a pearl worth an hundred pounds lie in a ditch, yet if he understood not the value of it he would lightly pass it by; but if he once get the knowledge of it he would venture up to the neck for it. So it is with souls concerning the things of God: if a man once get an understanding of the worth of them, then his heart, nay, the very strength of his soul, runs after them, and he will never leave crying till he have them. The two blind men in the Gospel, because they did certainly know that Jesus, who was going by them, was both able and willing to heal such infirmities as they were afflicted with, therefore they cried, and the more they were rebuked the more they cried.

3. The understanding being spiritually enlightened, hereby there is the way (as aforesaid) discovered through which the soul should come unto God; which gives great encouragement unto it.

It is else with a poor soul as with one who

hath a work to do, and if it be not done the danger is great; if it be done, so is the advantage. But he knows not how to begin nor how to proceed, and so, through discouragement, lets all alone and runs the hazard.

4. The enlightened understanding secs largeness enough in the promises to encourage it to pray, which still adds to it strength to strength. As when men promise such and such things to all that will come for them, it is great encour'agement to those that know what promises are made to come and ask for them.

5. The understanding being enlightened, way is made for the soul to come to God with suitable arguments, sometimes in a way of expostulation, as Jacob, sometimes in a way of supplication; yet not in a verbal way only, but even from the heart there is forced by the Spirit, through the understanding, such effectual arguments as moveth the heart of God. When Ephraim gets a right understanding of his own unseemly carriages towards the Lord, then he begins to bemoan himself; and in bemoaning of himself, he uses such arguments with the Lord that it affects his heart, draws out forgiveness, and makes Ephraim pleasant in his eyes through Jesus Christ our Lord: "I have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself thus, (saith God,) Thou hast chastised me, and I was chastised; as a bullock unaccustomed to the yoke turn thou me, and I shall be turned; for thou art the Lord my God. Surely after I was turned I repented, and after I was instructed (or had a right understanding of myself) I smote upon my thigh; I was ashamed, yes, even confounded, because I did bear the reproach of my youth." These be Ephraim's complaint and bemoanings of himself, at which the Lord breaks forth into these heart-melting expres sions, saying, "Is Ephraim my dear son? Is he a pleasant child? For since I spake unto him I do earnestly remember him still; therefore my bowels are troubled for him; I will surely have mercy upon him, saith the Lord." Thus you see that as it is required to pray with the Spirit, so it is to pray with the understanding also. And to illustrate what hath been spoken by a similitude. Set the case: there should come two a-begging to your door; the one is a poor, lame, wounded, and almost starved creature; the other is a healthful, lusty person. These two use the same words in their begging; the one saith he is almost starved, so doth the other; but yet the man that is indeed the poor, lame, or maimed

person, he speaks with more sense, feeling, and understanding of the misery that is mentioned in their begging than the other can do; and it is discovered more by his affectionate speaking, his bemoaning himself. His pain and poverty make him speak more in a spirit of lamentation than the other, and he shall be pitied sooner than the other by all those that have the least drachm of natural affection or pity. Just thus it is with God; there are some who out of custom and formality go and pray; there are others who go in the bitterness of their spirits; the one, he prays out of bar: notion and naked knowledge; the other hath his words forced from him by the anguish of his soul. Surely that is the man that God will look at, "even him that is of an humble and contrite spirit, and that trembleth at his words."

6. An understanding well enlightened is of admirable use also both as to the matter and manner of prayer. He that hath his understanding well exercised to discern between good and evil, and in it placed a sense either of the misery of man or the mercy of God, that soul hath no need of the writings of other men to teach him by forms of prayer; for as he that feels the pain needs not to be learned to cry Oh! even so he that hath his understanding opened by the Spirit needs not so to be taught of other men's prayers as that he cannot pray without them; the present sense, feeling, and pressure lie upon his spirit, and provoke him to groan out his requests unto the Lord. When David had the pains of hell catching hold on him and the sorrows of hell compassing him about, he needs not a bishop in a surplice to learn him to say, “O Lord, I beseech thee, deliver my soul!" or to look into a book to teach him in a form to pour out his heart before God. It is the nature of the heart of sick men, in their pain and sickness, to vent itself for ease by dolorous groans and complainings to them that stand by. Thus it was with David. And thus, blessed be the Lord! it is with them that are endued with the grace of God.

7. It is necessary that there be an enlightened understanding, to the end that the soul be kept in a continuation of the duty of prayer.

The people of God are not ignorant how many wiles, tricks, and temptations the devil hath to make a poor soul who is truly willing to have the Lord Jesus Christ, and that upon Christ's terms too—I say, to tempt that soul to be weary of seeking the face of God,

and to think that God is not willing to have mercy on such a one as him. Ay, saith Satan, thou mayest pray indeed, but thou shalt not prevail. Thou seest thine heart is hard, cold, dull, and dead; thou dost not pray with the Spirit, thou dost not pray in good earnest, thy thoughts are running after other things when thou pretendest to pray to God. Away, hypocrite! go no further; it is but in vain to strive any longer. Here now, if the soul be not well informed in its understanding, it will presently cry out, The Lord hath forsaken me, and my God hath forgotten me. Whereas the soul rightly informed and enlightened saith, “Well, I will seek the Lord, and wait: I will not leave off, though the Lord keep silence and speak not one word of comfort." He loved Jacob dearly, and yet he made him wrestle before he had the blessing. Seeming delays in God are no tokens of his displeasure; he may hide his face from his dearest saints. He loves to keep his people praying, and to find them ever knocking at the gate of heaven. It may be, says the soul, the Lord tries me, or he loves to hear me groan out my condition before him. The woman of Canaan would not take seeming denials for real ones; she knew the Lord was gracious, and the Lord will avenge his people, though he bear long with them. The Lord hath waited longer upon me than I have waited upon him; and thus it was with David: "I waited patiently," saith he; that is, It was long before the Lord answered me, though at the last he inclined his ear unto me and heard my cry. And the most excellent remedy for this is an understanding well informed and enlightened. Alas! how many poor souls are there in the world that truly fear the Lord, who, because they are not well informed in their understanding, are oft ready to give up all for lost upon almost every trick and temptation of Satan! The Lord pity them, and help them to pray with the Spirit, and with the understanding also! Much of mine own experience could I here discover when I have been in my fits of agonies of spirit. I have been strongly persuaded to leave off and seek the Lord no longer, but being made to understand what great sinners the Lord hath had mercy on, and how large his promises were still to sinners, and that it was not the whole but the sick, not the righteous but the sinner, not the full but the empty, that he extended his grace and mercy unto, this made me, through the assistance of his Holy Spirit, to cleave to him, to hang upon

him, and yet to cry, though for the present he made no answer; and the Lord help all his poor, tempted, and afflicted people to do the like, and to continue, though it be long, according to the saying of the prophet, and to help them (to that end) to pray, not by the inventions of men and their stinted forms, but with the Spirit and with understanding also.

And now to answer a query or two, and so to pass on to the next thing.

Query 1. But what would you have us poor creatures to do that cannot tell how to pray? The Lord knows I know not either how to pray or what to pray for.

Answer. Poor heart! thou canst not, thou complainest, pray; canst thou see thy misery? Hath God showed thee that thou art by nature under the curse of his law? If so, do not mistake; I know thou dost groan, and that most bitterly. I am persuaded thou canst scarcely be found doing any thing in thy calling but prayer breaketh from thy heart. Have not thy groans gone up to heaven from every corner of thy house? I know it is thus, and so also doth thine own sorrowful heart witness thy tears, thy forgetfulness of thy calling, &c. Is not thy heart so full of desires after the things of another world that many times thou dost even forget the things of this world? Prithee read the Scripture in Job xxiii. 12.

Query 2. Yea, but when I go into secret, and intend to pour out my soul before God, I can scarce say any thing at all.

Answer. Ah, sweet soul! it is not thy words that God so much regards as that he will not mind thee except thou comest before him with some eloquent oration. His eye is on the brokenness of thine heart, and that it is that makes the very bowels of the Lord run over: "A broken and a contrite heart, O God, thou wilt not despise."

2. The stopping of thy words may arise from overmuch trouble in thy heart. David was so troubled sometimes that he could not speak. But this may comfort all such sorrowful hearts as thou art, that though thou canst not through the anguish of thy spirit speak much, yet the Holy Spirit stirs up in thine heart groans and sighs so much the more vehement; when the mouth is hindered, yet the Spirit is not.

Moses (as aforesaid) made heaven so ring again with his prayers (that we read of) not one word came out of his mouth. But,

3. If thou wouldest more fully express thyself before the Lord, study, first, thy filthy

estate; secondly, God's promises; thirdly, the heart of Christ, which thou mayest know or discern-1. By his condescension and bloodshed. 2. By the mercy he hath extended to great sinners formerly, and plead thine own vileness by way of bemoaning Christ's blood, by way of expostulation; and in thy prayers let the mercy that he hath extended to other great sinners, together with his rich promises of grace, be much upon thy heart. Yet let me counsel thee-1. Take heed that thou content not thyself with words. 2. That thou do not think that God looks only at them. But, 3. However, whether thy words be few or many, let thine heart go with them; and then shalt thou seek him, and find him when thou shalt seek him with thy whole heart.

Objection. But though you have seemed to speak against any other way of praying but by the Spirit, yet here you yourself can give direction how to pray.

Answer. We ought to prompt one another forward to prayer, though we ought not to make for each other forms of prayer.

To exhort to pray with Christian direction is one thing, and to make stinted forms for the tying up the Spirit of God to them is another thing.

The apostle gives them no form to pray withal, yet directs to prayer.

Let no man therefore conclude that because we may with allowance give instructions and directions to pray, therefore it is lawful to make for each other forms of prayer.

Objection. But if we do not use forms of prayer, how shall we teach our children to pray?

Answer. My judgment is, that men go the wrong way to learn their children to pray in going about so soon to learn them any set company of words, as is the common use of poor creatures to do.

For to me it seems to be a better way for people betimes to tell their children what curs ed creatures they are, and how they are under the wrath of God by reason of original and actual sin, also to tell them the nature of God's wrath and the duration of the misery; which if they conscientiously do, they would sooner learn their children to pray than they do. The way that men learn to pray, it is by conviction for sin, and this is the way to make our sweet babes do so too. But the other way-namely, to be busy in learning children forms of prayer before they know any thing else-it is the next way to make them cursed

hypocrites and to puff them up with pride. Learn therefore your children to know their wretched state and condition, tell them of hellfire and their sins, of damnation and salvatiou, the way to escape the one and to enjoy the other, (if you know yourselves;) and this will make tears run down your sweet babes' eyes and hearty groans flow from their hearts; and then also you may tell them to whom they should pray, and through whom they should pray; you may tell them also of God's promises, and his former grace extended to sinners according to the word.

Ah! poor sweet babes, the Lord open their eyes and make them holy Christians! Saith David, "Come, ye children, hearken unto me; I will teach you the fear of the Lord."

He doth not say, I will muzzle you up in a form of prayer, but, "I will teach you the fear of the Lord;" which is, to see their sad state by nature, and to be instructed in the truth of the Gospel, which doth through the Spirit beget prayer in every one that in truth learns it. And the more you learn them this the more will their hearts run out to God in prayer.

God never did account Paul a praying man until he was a convinced and converted man; no more will it be with any one else.

Objection. But we find that the disciples desired that Christ would teach them to pray, as John also taught his disciples, and that thereupon he taught them that form called the Lord's Prayer.

Answer 1. To be taught by Christ is that which not only they but we desire; and seeing he is not here in his person to teach us, the Lord teach us by his word and Spirit; for the Spirit it is which he hath said he would send to supply in his room when he went away, as it is in John xiv. 16 and xvi. 7.

2. As to that called a form, I cannot think that Christ intended it as a stinted form of prayer

(1.) Because he himself layeth it down diversely, as it is to be seen if you compare Matt. vi. and Luke ix. Whereas, if he intended it as a set form, it must not have been so laid down, for a set form is so many words and no

more.

But, in a word, Christ by those words, “Our Father," &c., doth instruct his people what rules they should observe in their prayers tc God

(1.) That they should pray in faith. (2.) To God in the heavens. (3.) For such things as are according to his will, &c. Pray thus or after this manner.

Objection. But Christ bids pray for the Spirit; this implies that men without the Spirit may, notwithstanding, pray and be heard.

Answer 1. The speech of Christ there is directed to his own. Ver. 1.

2. Christ, in telling of them that God would give his Holy Spirit to them that ask him, is to be understood of giving more of the Holy Spirit; for still they are the disciples spoken to, which had a measure of the Spirit already; for he saith, "When ye pray, say, Our Father," (ver. 2;) "I say unto you," (ver. 8;) "And I say unto you," (ver. 9;) "If ye then, being evil, know how to give good things to your children, how much more shall your heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to them that ask him?" Christians ought to pray for the Spirit—that is, more of it-though God hath endued them with it already.

Question. Then would you have none pray but those that know they are disciples of Christ?

(1.) To desire God in Christ, for himself, for his holiness, love, wisdom, and glory. For right prayer, as it runs on to God through Christ, so it centres in him, and in him alone: "Whom have I in heaven but thee? And there is none in earth that I desire (long for or seek after) besides thee."

groan earnestly," &c.

(3.) Right prayer is accompanied with a continual labour after that which is prayed for: "My soul waiteth for the Lord, more than

they that watch for the morning." "I will arise now and seek Him whom my soul loveth." For mark, I beseech you, there are two things that provoke to prayer: the one is a detestation to sin and the things of this life; the other is a longing desire after communion with God in an holy and undefiled state and inheritance. Compare but this one thing with most of the prayers that are made by men, and you shall find them but mock prayers and the breathings of an abominable spirit; for even the most of men either not pray at all, or else only endeavour to mock God and the world by so doing; for do but compare their prayer and the course of their lives together, and you may easily see that the thing included in their prayer is the least looked after by their lives. O sad hypocrites!

Thus have I briefly showed you-1. What prayer is; 2. What it is to pray with the Spirit; 3. What it is to pray with the Spirit and with the understanding also.

IV. I shall now speak a word or two of application, and so conclude with-1. A word of information; 2. A word of encouragement; 3. A word of rebuke.

Use 1. A word of information.

For the first to inform you: As prayer is the duty of every one of the children of God, and carried on by the Spirit of Christ in the soul, so every one that deth but offer to take upon him to pray to the Lord had need to be very wary, and go about that work especially with the dread of God, as well as with hopes of the mercy of God through Jesus Christ.

Prayer is an ordinance of God in which a man draws very near to God, and therefore it calleth for so much the more of the assistance of the grace of God to help a soul to pray as becomes one that is in the presence of him. It is a shame for a man to behave himself irreverently before a king, but a sin to do so before God. And as a king (if wise) is not pleased with an oration made up with unseemly words and gestures, so God takes no pleasure in the sacrifice of fools. It is not long discourses nor eloquent tongues that are the things which are pleasing in the ears of the Lord, but a humble, broken, and contrite heart that is sweet in the nostrils of the heavenly Majesty. Therefore, for information, know that there are these five things that are obstructions to prayer, and even make void the requests of the creature:

1. When men regard iniquity in their hearts at the time of their prayers before God: "If I

regard iniquity in my heart, the Lord will not hear my prayer." When there is a secret love to that very thing which thou with thy dissembling lips dost ask for strength against; for this is the wickedness of man's heart, that it will even love and hold fast that which with the mouth it prays against; and of this sort are they "that honour God with their mouth, but their heart is far from him." Oh how ugly would it be in our eyes if we should see a beg gar ask an alms with an intention to throw it to the dogs, or that should say with one breath, Pray bestow this upon me, and with the next, I beseech you give it me not! And yet thus it is with these kind of persons; with their mouth they say, Thy will be done, and with their hearts nothing less; with their mouth say, Hallowed be thy name, and with their hearts and lives they delight to dishonour him all the day long. These be the prayers that become sin, and though they put them often, yet the Lord will never answer them.

2. When men pray for show, to be heard and thought somebody in religion, and the like.

These prayers also fall short of God's approbation, and are never like to be answered in reference to eternal life.

There are two sorts of men that pray to this end:

(1.) Your trencher-chaplains, that thrust themselves into great men's families, pretending the worship of God, when in truth the great business is their own bellies; these were notably pointed out by Ahab's prophets, and also Nebuchadnezzar's, who, though they pretended great devotion, yet their lusts and their bellies were the great things aimed at by them in all their pieces of devotion.

(2.) Them also that seek repute and applause for their eloquent terms, and seek more to tickle the ears and heads of their bearers than anything else. These be they "that pray to be heard of men, and have all their reward already."

These persons are discovered thus: 1. They eye only their auditory in their expressions. 2. They look for commendation when they have done. 3. Their hearts either rise or fall according to their praise or enlargement. 4. The length of their prayer pleaseth them, and that it might be long they will vainly repeat things over and over; they study for enlargements, but look not from what heart they come; they look for returns, but it is the windy applause of men; and therefore they love not