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EASTWARD HOE.

The title of "Eastward Hoe" was taken from the exclamations of watermen plying for fares on the Thames. Of this the play of "Eastward Hoe" furnishes some evidence; but with regard at least to another play, "Westward Hoe," it is clearly shown by the following quotation from George Peele's old historical play of Edward the First, printed in 1593. The Queen is at Potter's (afterwards called Queen's) Hithe, and the stage direction when she has entered is

(Make a noise-Westward, How!)

Queen.-Woman, what noise is this I hear?

Potter's Wife. And like your Grace, it is the watermen that call for passengers to go to Westward, How.

VELUTI IN SPECULUM.

The stage motto, Veluti in Speculum, or, As in a Mirror, was first used in the Theatre at Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the reign of George I., about the same period when soldiers first mounted guard at the Theatres-Royal.

THEATRICAL BENEFITS.

Mrs. Barry is recorded as the first performer, male or female, who ever had what is now understood by the term, a benefit. This privilege was procured for her through the influence of James II., and she alone possessed it, until just before the commencement of the 18th century. The poverty of the divided theatrical companies then, induced the managers to employ this expedient for paying their actors and actresses more directly out of the pockets of the public; and it not unfrequently happened (at least the performers made the accusation) that the patentees appropriated to themselves all the proceeds, under the pretext of house expenses, and left the performers to their remedy.

UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC LIBRARIES, RELIGIOUS SECTS, ORIGIN OF NICENE CREED, INQUISITION, &c.

UNIVERSITIES

Those of

Had their first rise in the 12th and 13th centuries. Paris and Bologna Salerno are said to be the first that were set on foot; but then they were on a different footing from the Universities among us. Our own Universities of Oxford and Cambridge

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seem entitled to the greatest antiquity of any in the world; and Balliol and Merton Colleges in Oxford, and St. Peter's in Cambridge, all made Colleges in the 13th century, may be said to be the first regular endowments of this kind in Europe. For though University College in Cambridge had been a place for students ever since the year 872, yet this, like many of the other ancient Colleges beyond sea, and Leyden to this day, was no proper College; but the students, without any distinction of habit, lived in citizens' houses, having only meeting-places to hear lectures and disputes. In after times there were houses built for the students to live in society, only each to be at his own charge, as in the inns of court; these at first were called inns, but now halls. At last plentiful revenues were settled on several of these Halls, to maintain the students in diet, apparel, &c., and these were called Colleges. In the University of Oxford there are 2220 members of convocation, and 4792 members on the boards. In the University of Cambridge there are 1854 members of the senate, and 4866 members on the boards, making a total of 9658 students on the boards at both Universities. In 1748, there were 1500 members on the Cambridge boards; in 1813, there were 2805; in 1825, they had increased to 4700; and in 1826, to 4866, as above stated. The Universities of Scotland are four, St. Andrew's, Aberdeen, Edinburgh, and Glasgow. In Ireland there are two Universities, that of Dublin, incorporated 1591, and Queen's, incorporated 1850.

BALLIOL COLLEGE

Was founded by John Balliol, or De Baliol, of Barnard Castle, in the County of Durham, about the year 1268, and from whence it derives the appellation of Balliol College.

ORIEL COLLEGE.

This College was founded by King Edward the Second in 1326.

SORBONNE COLLEGE.

Sorbon, or Sorbonne College, was the first and most considerable of the University of Paris. It was founded in the reign of St. Louis, 1252, by Robert Sorbonne, which name is sometimes given to the whole University of Paris.

MERTON COLLEGE.

Merton College, in Oxford, derives its name from Walter de Merton, Bishop of Rochester, who founded it in 1274,

EXETER COLLEGE.

Exeter College, in Oxford, so denominated from Walter Stapledon, Bishop of Exeter, who founded it in 1314.

CLARE HALL.

Clare Hall, in Cambridge, derives its name from Elizabeth, Countess of Clare, who founded it in 1347. It was established on the site of a former College called University Hall, founded in 1326, but destroyed by fire in 1343.

PEMBROKE COLLEGE.

Pembroke College, formerly called Pembroke Hall, in Cambridge, receives its name from Mary de St. Paul, widow of Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, who founded it in 1347.

PEMBROKE COLLEGE, OXFORD.

Pembroke College, Oxford, was founded in the early part of the 17th century on the site of Broadgate Hall, an ancient seminary for students of the civil and canon law. It received its name of Pembroke from William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, then Chancellor of the University.

CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE.

Corpus Christi (vulgarly Benedict) College, in Cambridge, is so called in consequence of being founded by the brethren of the Guild, or Society of Corpus Christi, and the brethren of the Guild of the Blessed Virgin. Founded 1351.

CAIUS AND GONVILE COLLEGE.

Caius and Gonvile College, in Cambridge, takes its names from its founder, Edmund Gonvile, rector of Tirrington and Rushworth, in Norfolk, who founded it in 1348, and Dr. John Caius, who, in 1557 having rebuilt it, erected a Chapel, and endowed three additional fellowships and 20 scholarships, obtained from Queen Mary leave to be a co-founder, and to change the name from Gonvile Hall to Gonvile and Caius College.

LINCOLN COLLEGE.

Lincoln College, in Oxford, founded by Richard Fleming, Bishop of Lincoln, and finished by Thomas Rotheram, his successor, 1427.

SYDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

Sydney Sussex College, Cambridge, receives its cognomen like, wise from its founder, Frances, daughter of Sir William Sydney, and Countess-Dowager of Sussex, who died in the year 1589.

WADHAM COLLEGE.

Wadham College, in Oxford, derives its name from Nicholas Wadham, Esq., and Dame Dorothy, his wife, its founders. It was founded in 1612.

BRAZEN NOSE.

This College was founded by Wm. Smith, Bishop of Lincoln, and finished by Wm. Sutton, Esq., in 1513. Various have been the conjectures why it is called Brazen Nose College, but it is generally attributed to the circumstance of its founder going by that nickname when at College, in consequence' of the peculiar appearance of his nose.

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON.

This was projected in 1825, and the first stone was laid on the 30th April, 1827, by the Duke of Sussex, and the institution situated in Gower-street, St. Pancras, was opened for Students in October, 1828. In November, 1836, it was incorporated by a Royal Charter, 7 William IV. The government is vested in five bodies:-1. General meetings of the Members. 2. The Council. 3. The Senate. 4. The Faculty of Arts and Laws. 5. The Faculty of Medicine. In 1834 an Hospital was opened in connection with it, which cost about £10,000, for the purpose of affording the medical students clinical instruction. The number of students in 1852 was 186. Connected with it is a School under the government of the Council. Students, in 1852, 289.

KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON.

This College is in the Strand, and was founded in 1828, on the following fundamental principle:-That every system of general education ought to comprise instruction in the Christian religion. A charter was granted in 1829, which appoints the Lord Chancellor and eight others as perpetual governors. The corporation is designated as "The Governors and Proprietors of King's College, London." It was opened for tuition in October, 1829. There is a School connected with it. The number of Students, in 1851, was as follows: --Department of. general Literature, 111; Applied Sciences, 39; Medical, 196; Military, 11; College School, 449.

UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.

This University was created by charter of William IV; but, owing to a defect, a new one was granted by Queen Victoria, December 5, 1837. It consists of a body of Fellows, including a Chancellor and Vice Chancellor, who compose a Senate holding its sitting in Somerset House. The Senate, after examina

tion, confers the degrees of Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts, Bachelor of Laws, Doctor of Laws, Bachelor of Medicine, and Doctor of Medicine. Both University and King's Colleges, as well as other minor institutions, are empowered to issue certificates to candidates for Degrees in Arts and Law at this University.

DULWICH COLLEGE.

This College, which is situated at the pleasant village of Dulwich, near London, was founded in the year 1619, by Edward Alleyn, a player. The College was for the support and maintenance of one Master, one Warden, and four Fellows, three of whom were to be ecclesiastics and the other a skilful organist; also six poor men, six women, and twelve boys, to be educated in good literature. He was a very eccentric character, and imposed a condition in his will, that none should be eligible for a master of the said College but those of the name of Alleyn or Allen.

This College is famed for the Burgeoise Picture Gallery, left to the public by the late Sir Francis Burgeoise, the eminent painter, whose remains rest here in a mausoleum contiguous to the gallery. The collection of paintings is very superior, and among them are to be found those of the most eminent masters particularly some of Murillo's masterpieces. Sir Francis died January 8, 1811.

RADCLIFFE LIBRARY.

The celebrated library at Oxford, well known as the Radcliffe Library, derives its name from Dr. John Radcliffe, who died in 1714. He was an eminent physician, and left £40,000 to the University of Oxford, for the augmenting their library, and which circumstance gave it its present name.

COTTONIAN LIBRARY.

The Cottonian Library, in the British Museum, derives its name from Sir Robert Cotton, who founded it. He died 1631.

BODLEIAN LIBRARY.

This far-famed public library is so called after its founder, Sir Thomas Bodley, who was born 1544, and died 1612. The library was founded in the 40th of Elizabeth, 1598.

ARUNDELIAN TABLES, OXFORD.

These tables are so called from having been purchased by Lord Arundel, and by him given to the University of Oxford, in 1667.

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