One of the results of the skillful and psychological work of this sort done by Soviet agents has been that after their return to this country a number of Americans of this type have devoted themselves largely to spreading pro-Bolshevik propaganda in this country in every form.

PROPAGANDA OF THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT IN THE EAST

The general public is hardly aware that the Soviet government of Russia is conducting fully as active a propaganda throughout the entire East, as it is in Europe and America. It is a propaganda, the results of which might be almost too terrible to contemplate, because it involves letting loose so many hundreds of millions of people in a low stage of civilization. There is in Moscow a university or college for the teaching of propagandists, in which men from every part of the world, belonging to every conceivable nationality, are educated in the essentials of Bolshevik propaganda. It is reported that as many as sixty Hindu dialects and forty Chinese dialects are in use in this college.

At the meeting held in December, 1918, for the purpose of issuing the call for the Third International, there were in attendance native representatives of the following Eastern nationalities or groups-Turkestan, Persia, Afghanistan, India, Korea, China, Japan. These men all made speeches, in which they pledged the adhesion of large groups of their countrymen to the Soviet program.

At about the same time Vosniesansky, who is the Soviet Commisar for Asiatic affairs, returned to Moscow from a mission to Kabul, Tashkend and Samarkand, together with Bravine, Soviet Commisar in Persia. He had established connections between Teheran and Kabul, as well as between Kabul, Herat, Samarkand and Tashkend. All disagreements between the Soviet of Tashkend and Afghanistan had been arranged, and a close organization effected. Vosniesanky brought back with him a number of Afghans and delegates from Tashkend, whose purpose was to arrange at Moscow for a Bolshevik Afghan Convention.

The Chinese situation is even more dangerous, on account of the close connection between a large number of Chinese in Russia and China itself. It is a fact of common knowledge, that about 60,000 Chinese laborers, who were in Russia at the time of the advent of the Bolsheviki to power, were drafted into the Bolshevik army, and were turned into the professional execu

tioners of the Red Terror. They have been used as the nucleus for very extensive propaganda in China.

In January, 1919, Lenin issued a decree placing the Chinese under the particular protection of the Soviet Republic, and organizing a special department for Bolshevik propaganda in China, under a Chinaman named Chun Yun Sun. A regular line of communication was established with China through Turkestan and Thibet.

The Bolshevik propaganda in India is very well known, and is linked up, as is so generally the case, with previous pro-German propaganda. The United States had quite a share in unwittingly helping along this propaganda, by affording refuge to the conspirators.

One of the Bolshevist leaders, specially connected with propaganda in Afghanistan and India, is a Commisar by the name of Kumaroff, who was connected with the well-known uprising in Afghanistan in 1918.

In November, 1919, an Afghan Ambassador to Soviet Russia was received with great pomp by Lenin in Moscow. The Ambassador expressed the hope that the Soviet would help to emancipate the peoples of the East. Lenin replied that that was exactly what the Soviet wished to do, but that it would be necessary for the Mohammedans in the East to help Soviet Russia first in its great war of emancipation.

It is hardly necessary to say that the arguments used by Soviet propaganda in the Orient have no connection whatsoever with the arguments used in the propaganda among advanced and educated peoples.

The contact which has been established through the recent Bolshevist victories, with Turkestan and Persia, as well as with the Turks, has brought about closer contact between the Russian agents and their Oriental propagandists, and has brought them. within striking distance of Afghanistan. The leaders of the PanTurkish movement have been reported as favoring the Bolshevists.

CHAPTER XIV

DOCUMENTS OF THE RUSSIAN SOVIET REGIME

1. Constitution of the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic.

246

a. Article One. Declaration of Rights of the Laboring and Exploited People

246

b. Article Two. General Provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic

249

c. Article Three. Organization of the Soviet Power:

I. Organization of the Central Power.

251

II. Organization of Local Soviets.

d. Article Four. The Right to Vote.

e. Article Five. The Budget....

f. Article Six. The Coat of Arms and Flag of the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic

2. Decrees and Constitution of Soviet Russia.

a. Land Law

b. Church and State

c. Nationalization of Banks.

d. The People's Court..

e. Instructions to the Revolutionary Tribunal.

f. The Revolutionary Tribunal of the Press.

255

238

260

261

262

262

276

277

278

280

283

g. To the Soviet of Workmen's, Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies.

284

h. Marriage, Children and Registration of Civil Status.. i. Divorce

285

288

j. Orders of the People's Commissar of Education of the Western Provinces and Front

290

k. Abolition of Inheritance

292

3. Circular of the Soviet Committee of the Soviet Government of Russia. 4. Russian Soviet Industrial Program..

295

296

a. Labor Discipline of the Working Class and Peasant Poverty

9. Manifesto Issued on December 19, 1917, by the Soviet of Railway, Petrograd District, to the Railroad Employees of all the Russian Railway Systems

310

10. From the People's Commissariat of Labor to All Workers.

312

11. Soviet Circulars (Issued to Foreign Soldiers on Russian Soil).

313

a. To British and American Soldiers -" Why Have You Come to Ukraine?" 313 b. Prisoner in Archangel to his Fellow Royal Scots..

316

c. Peter Petroff to the British Soldiers.

318

d. Bolshevist Propaganda-The Group of English Speaking Communists to the American and British Soldiers.

a. The Polish Socialist Party to the Communist Party of Russia. b. The Russian Soviet Government to the Polish Representative. 15. Decree of the Soviet Commissaries of the People Relating to Conscientious Objectors

Methods to Assure Efficiency of Labor.

i. Article Nine. Protection of Labor.

j. Rules Concerning Unemploved and Payment of Subsidies

k. Rules Concerning Labor Booklets.

"Down With the Pogrom-Makers!". 339 17. Political Propaganda and Educational Activity in the Villages-A Resolution of the 8th Convention of the Russian Communist Labor Party.

341

344

345

346

Methods of Labor Distribution.
Probation Periods.

347

348

349

351

354

357

359

360

362

1. Rules for the Determination of Disability to Work.

364

m. Rules Concerning Payment of Sick Benefits (Subsidies)

to

Wage

Earners

360

APPENDIX

CHAPTER XIV

OFFICIAL AND OTHER DOCUMENTS OF THE RUSSIAN SOVIET

REGIME

Document No. 1

CONSTITUTION OF THE RUSSIAN SOCIALIST FEDERATED SOVIET REPUBLIC

"Resolution of the Fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets, adopted on July 10, 1918.

"The declaration of rights of the laboring and exploited people (approved by the Third All-Russian Congress of Soviets in January, 1918), together with the Constitution of the Soviet Republic, approved by the Fifth Congress, constitutes a single fundamental law of the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic.

"This fundamental law becomes effective upon the publication of the same in its entirety in the Izvestia of the All-Russian General Executive Committee.' It must be published by all organs of the Soviet Government and must be posted in a prominent place in every Soviet institution.

"The Fifth Congress instructs the People's Commissariat of Education to introduce in all schools and educational institutions of the Russian Republic the study and explanation of the basic principles of this Constitution.

A. "ARTICLE ONE

"DECLARATION OF RIGHTS OF THE LABORING AND EXPLOITED PEOPLE

CHAPTER ONE

"1. Russia is declared to be a Republic of the Soviets of Workers', Soldiers', and Peasants' Deputies. All the central and local power belongs to these Soviets.

"2. The Russian Soviet Republic is organized on the basis of a free union of free nations, as a federation of Soviet national republics.

"3. Bearing in mind as its fundamental problem the abolition of the exploitation of men by men, the entire abolition of the division of the people into classes, the suppression of exploiters,

the establishment of a Socialist society, and the victory of Socialism in all lands, the Third All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers', and Peasants' Deputies further resolves:

"(a) For the purpose of attaining the socialization of land, all private property in land is abolished, and the entire land. is declared to be national property and is to be apportioned among agriculturists without any compensation to the former owners, in the measure of each one's ability to till it.

"(b) All forests, treasures of the earth, and waters of general public utility, all equipment whether animate or inanimate, model farms and agricultural enterprises, are declared to be national property.

"(c) As a first step toward complete transfer of ownership to the Soviet Republic of all factories, mills, mines, railways, and other means of production and transportation, the Soviet law for the control by workmen and the establishment of the Supreme Soviet of National Economy is hereby confirmed, so as to insure the power of the workers over the exploiters.

"(d) With reference to international banking and finance, the Third Congress of Soviets is discussing the Soviet decree regarding the annulment of loans made by the Government of the Czar, by landowners and the bourgeoisie, and it trusts that the Soviet Government will firmly follow this course until the final victory of the international workers' revolt against the oppression of capital.

"(e) The transfer of all banks to the ownership of the Workers' and Peasants' Government, as one of the conditions of the liberation of the toiling masses from the yoke of capital, is confirmed.

"(f) Universal obligation to work is introduced for the purpose of eliminating the parasitic strata of society and organizing the economic life of the country.

"(g) For the purpose of securing the working class in the possession of complete power, and in order to eliminate all possibility of restoring the power of the exploiters, it is decreed that all workers be armed, and that a Socialist Red Army be organized and the propertied class disarmed.