erate, combativeness large, and made his report accordingly. The account of the uncle drew forth an earnest and affectionate remonstrance from the father. Anthony returned to school with the best resolutions; abandoned his redoubts and skirmishes, stuck to his books, and in the words of our author, "at the end of eighteen months, not only satisfied his teacher that he possessed a capacity for scholarship, but even drew from him a confession, that having acquired all, that his master could teach, he merited the means of higher and more general instruction."" His father was not slow in acting on this more favorable estimate of his son's capacity, and the young Anthony was accordingly sent to the Philadelphia academy to complete his education. There he remained till his eighteenth year, when, having acquired a competent knowledge of the lower branches of the mathematics, he returned to his native county, and opened an office as a land surveyor.

After the peace of 1763, a land company was formed at Philadelphia, with a view to the settlement of a portion of the back country. Young Wayne, then in his twenty-first year, was selected, on the recommendation of Dr. Franklin, as the agent to visit the territory, inspect the soil in reference to its agricultural character and commercial facilities, and finally to locate the settlement. He acquitted himself in this trust so much to the satisfaction of his employers, as to be still farther entrusted by them, with the actual superintendence of the infant settlement; which, however, was broken up in 1767, by the increasing embarrassment of the relations of the Colonies with the mother country. In the course of this year, young Wayne married the daughter of Benjamin Penrose, an eminent merchant of Philadelphia, and, returning to Chester county, resumed his occupation as a surveyor, devoting himself, in the intervals of his employment in that capacity, to agriculture.

Wayne was prompt in foreseeing the issue of the controversy with England, which had now reached its height. The military passion of his youth revived. He gave himself wholly up to preparation for the impending crisis, and devoted his time to the instruction, in tactics and drill, of the voluntary associations of Chester county. Such was their aptitude and his diligence, that in the space of six weeks, he had organized a volunteer corps, "having more the appearance of a veteran than of a militia regiment.'

These indications of military talent and a patriotic spirit at

tracted the public notice. In January, 1776, Mr. Wayne was appointed to the command of one of the four regiments raised by Pennsylvania, in the continental service. He was ordered to join the northern army under Major General Sullivan. He commanded one of the three regiments, detached under General Thompson, for the unsuccessful expedition to Trois Riviéres on the 3d of July; and on the capture of the commander in chief, General St. Clair, the next senior officer being disabled by a wound, the duty of conducting the retreat devolved on Wayne. Though wounded himself, he performed this duty successfully, and brought the greater part of the brigade back to the American camp at the mouth of the Sorel. On the forced retreat of General Sullivan from this post, the duty of covering the movement was assigned to Wayne with the Pennsylvania regiments, and so critical was it in point of time, that the boat latest in getting into motion was not beyond the reach of musket shot, when the head of the enemy's column entered the fort.

The army remained at Ticonderoga the rest of the year 1776; and on the march of General Gates, with a large portion of the men under his command, to reinforce General Washington, Col. Wayne was left in command, with two thousand five hundred men. This arrangement was sanctioned by Congress, who soon conferred on him a commission as Brigadier General. He remained in command of the fortress till the spring of 1777, when at his own request he was transferred to head-quarters. He joined the main army under General Washington on the 15th of May, and was immediately placed at the head of a brigade," which," as Washington remarked on the occasion, "could not fail, under his direction to be soon greatly distinguished."

This prediction was shortly fulfilled. In the movements and manœuvres of the early part of the summer of 1777, directed by Washington to countervail the demonstrations of the British army, General Wayne bore a conspicuous part, and received the public commendation of the commander-in-chief, in his report to Congress. At the battle of Brandywine, General Wayne was posted at Chad's ford, and sustained a vigorous attack by the troops under Knyphausen. He maintained his position with great gallantry, till learning the defeat of the American force in his rear, he deemed it necessary to fall back on the main army. In the affair of the 20th, the conduct of

Wayne was impeached by a subordinate, to whose own failure to perform his duty the losses of the night were imputable; but the Court Martial, which Wayne demanded, acquitted him with honor. In the unfortunate battle of Germantown, General Wayne bore a prominent part, and his own conduct and that of his brigade were mentioned with applause by the commander-in-chief, in his official despatch. In the following winter, General Wayne rendered essential service, by the successful manner in which he conducted the foraging department; a branch of duty rendered as difficult as it was odious, by the necessity of resorting to force, in the entire exhaustion of the military chest. In the battle of Monmouth, the conduct of Wayne was marked by Washington, with particular expressions of approbation. The summer of 1779 was signalized by the capture of Stony-point, achieved by Wayne, at the head of a light brigade, organized at the commencement of the campaign. This affair is pronounced by General Armstrong the most brilliant of the war. It acquired to the fortunate commander a military reputation of the most enviable character. At the commencement of the attack, Wayne was struck by a musket-ball on the head and sunk to the ground. He immediately rose on one knee, and exclaimed, "march on, carry me into the fort; for, should the wound be mortal, I will die at the head of the column."

The author of this biography has taken renewed occasion of the narrative of the capture of Stony-point, to correct the alleged errors of the late Chief Justice of the United States. We confess ourselves not wholly gratified with the tone, in which these corrections are made. In the present case, as the statement of Marshall is substantially a repetition of that of Washington, in his despatch to Congress of the 20th of June 1779, the effect of the correction appears to be to impugn the accuracy of Washington, in a statement of facts necessarily within his own knowledge. In the body of that despatch Washington makes the statement explicitly, and repeats it in the postcript, that, owing to some misconception on the part of General Wayne, of the officers of the guard, or of Captain Fishbourn, the despatches of Wayne to Washington, containing the intelligence of the capture of Stony-point, were not forwarded to General M'Dougall. This failure is declared by Washington to have occasioned a loss of several hours, and is mentioned by him as one of the causes, why the projected attack on

Verplanck's point did not take place. General Armstrong, in citing the passage of Marshall on which he comments, does not cite it as it stands, either in the first or second edition; and his statement accurately quoted, does not appear to us obnoxious to all the exceptions, which the biographer takes to it; and where it is, it appears to us to be borne out by Washington's despatch already alluded to.

The next service rendered by Wayne, was the attack of Fort Lee on the 21st of July, 1780, and with this affair the active service of the campaign closed. In the following winter, and at the close of the festivities of the 1st of January, 1781, the memorable revolt broke out in the Pennsylvania line, threatening the most disastrous consequences. The address and temper of General Wayne were signally manifested, in bringing the troops to a sense of their duty, and arranging the terms of the accommodation.

In the summer of this year, General Wayne acted under the orders of Lafayette in the campaign in Virginia, which preceded the capitulation of Yorktown. In an affair on the 5th of July, when he unexpectedly found himself, with a small force, opposed to the whole British army, and about to be turned on both flanks, by a bold onset, as happily conceived as gallantly executed, he threw the enemy at once on the defensive, compelled him to call in his detachments, and then, by a rapid retreat, extricated himself from the imminent danger of losing his whole corps.

General Wayne had an active command in the army concentrated at Yorktown, and shared in the honor of the glorious event there consummated. In the month of December following, notwithstanding a wound received in the Virginia campaign, he was detached by General Greene, with a small force, to hold the enemy in check, and to establish the authority of the United States in Georgia. The manner in which he performed this duty, with a force greatly disproportioned to the seeming magnitude of the work to be performed, is truly admirable. The British were shut up within Savannah, the open country wrested from the tories, the auxiliary force of Choctaws and Creeks successively defeated, and all the objects of the campaign effected with singular success. General Wayne remained on this station till the close of the war, and finally granted a capitulation to the garrison of Savannah, honorable to his own clemency and advantageous to the country. VOL. XLII. — NO. 90.

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On the conclusion of the peace, he retired to his native county of Chester, with a reputation for bravery, enterprise, and conduct, not perhaps surpassed by that of any of his brother officers.

He was soon elected to the Council of Censors of Pennsylvania, and afterwards a member of the Convention, which was called to revise and amend the Constitution of the State. He performed the duties thus devolved upon him, with laborious assiduity; but for private reasons, withdrew from any further pursuit of public life. A large grant of land was made to him by the State of Georgia, in consideration of his great services there rendered, at the close of the war; but the unfortunate donation proved a source of serious and long continued embarrassment, which ended only with the sacrifice of the property.

After ten years' retirement, Gen. Wayne was again called to the field. Hostilities, as is well known, had never ceased on the western frontier. A cruel border war had been waged between the settlers and the Indians; and the expeditions of Harmar and St. Clair had successively terminated in disaster. In the year 1793, after a vain resort, for the last time, to negotiation, preparations were made by the general government for another appeal to arms. Wayne was placed in command of the force called into the field; but it was not till mid-summer 1794, that he was enabled to take up his march from Cincinnati. On the 8th of August, he reached the spot where the Indian and Canadian force was concentrated, at the junction of the Auglaize and the Miami of the Lake. On the 19th he attacked them in their entrenchments, from which, with a small loss on his own side, he drove the enemy with great slaughter. Pursuing his advantage, he penetrated the Indian country to Greenville, laying waste the territory of the enemy. Taught by their experience the impolicy of continuing the war, the savages were brought to reasonable terms of pacification, by a treaty of which the basis was settled on the 1st of January 1795, and which was definitively concluded in the course of the following summer. From this treaty, may be dated the efficient settlement of the territory North West of the Ohio.

The biography before us terminates with this event, and in the following terms:

"Plaudits and thanks, public and private, now accumulated upon Wayne. The Congress, then in session, unanimously