A Treatise on the Principles and Practical Influence of Taxation and the Funding SystemA. and C. Black, 1863 - 524 стор. |
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A Treatise on the Principles and Practical Influence of Taxation and the ... John Ramsay McCulloch Перегляд фрагмента - 1975 |
Загальні терміни та фрази
ad valorem Adam Smith additional advantage amount annuities assessed burden capital carried cent charged circumstances classes Commissioners commodities consequence considerable consumption cost customs defray difficulty diminished direct taxes Ditto doubt duties on spirits economy effect England equal estimate excise exempted expenditure expense extent fall fixed foreign former France gallon greater Hence houses important imposed improved income-tax increase individuals industry influence injurious interest Ireland Kingdom labourers laid land landlords latter less loans manufacture ment necessary nett object objectionable occasioned oppressive paid parties payment perhaps portion practice previously principle produce profits proportion quantity raised rate of duty reduced rent repealed respect revenue Scotland sinking fund Sir Robert Peel smuggling sort spirits sugar supply supposed taille taxation tion tithe tobacco trade United Kingdom valorem value of money wages wealth Wealth of Nations wholly wine
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Сторінка 15 - The subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to their respective abilities ; that is, in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the state.
Сторінка 16 - Every tax ought to be so contrived as both to take out and to keep out of the pockets of the people as Little as possible, over and above what it brings into the public treasury of the state.
Сторінка 15 - The tax which each individual is bound to pay ought to be certain, and not arbitrary. The time of payment, the manner of payment, the quantity to be paid, ought all to be clear and plain to the contributor, and to every other person.
Сторінка 494 - ... the rent at which the same might reasonably be expected to let from year to year, free of all usual tenants' rates and taxes, and tithe commutation rent-charge, if any, and deducting therefrom the probable average annual cost of the repairs, insurance and other expenses, if any, necessary to maintain them in a state to command such rent...
Сторінка xiv - A General Dictionary of Geography, Descriptive, Physical, Statistical, and Historical ; forming a complete Gazetteer of the World. By A. KEITH JOHNSTON, FRSE 8vo. 31s. 6d. M'Culloch's Dictionary, Geographical, Statistical, and Historical, of the various Countries, Places, and principal Natural Objects in the World.
Сторінка 91 - By necessaries I understand not only the commodities which are indispensably necessary for the support of life, but whatever the custom of the country renders it indecent for creditable people, even of the lowest order, to be without.
Сторінка 281 - ... a badge of slavery upon the whole people, exposing every man's house to be entered into and searched at pleasure by persons unknown to him.
Сторінка 290 - Taxes upon the sale of land fall altogether upon the seller. The seller is almost always under the necessity of selling, and must, therefore, take such a price as he can get. The buyer is scarce ever under the necessity of buying, and will, therefore, only give such a price as he likes. He considers what the land will cost him in tax and price together. The more he is obliged to pay in the way of tax, the less he will be disposed to give in the way of price. Such taxes, therefore, fall almost always...
Сторінка 16 - Every tax ought to be levied at the time or in the manner in which it is most likely to be convenient for the contributor to pay it.
Сторінка 248 - Excise. A hateful tax levied upon commodities, and adjudged not by the common judges of property, but wretches hired by those to whom excise is paid.