holy land, and will put all the heathen to flight from Babylon, and will build many churches there. And as often as he carries this eagle on his breast he will have the victory over all his enemies and his kingdom will be ever increased. For thou art to be a martyr." And then I prayed the blessed Virgin Mary to show me where to keep so precious and holy a thing, and she said to me: "There is a man in this town, a monk of St. Cyprian's of Poitiers, who has been unjustly expelled by his abbot from his abbey. He is now asking the Pope to restore him to his abbey. Give him the eagle and phial for him to take to the abbey at Poitiers. And I would hide it in the church of St. George by the church of St. Hilary, and the western end of the chevet of the church under a great stone, where it will be found at a convenient time. This is [the oil of unction of the kings of the English] and the head of the Pagans will be the cause of the invention of this eagle." All these things were given to me by the blessed Virgin Mary enclosed in a leaden vessel. XVI. Forma et Modus The document usually known as the Forma et Modus consists of a description in paragraphs of the whole ceremony of coronation, and it also gives a list of the principal officers connected with the coronation. The manuscript from which it has been edited has been considerably injured by the binder, who has cut off the marginal headings to the paragraphs: the defects thus caused have been supplied from Bodl. Ashm. 770, fo. 69, which is one of the numerous manuscripts of the Forma et Modus. Several copies of translations into English also exist, but all the manuscripts and versions known appear to have been derived from a common source. For all the copies known begin the list of ornaments carried in the procession with Crux. From the proximity of the word to Patena which follows, it is reasonable to suppose that Crux is a mistake for Calix, with reference to St. Edward's Chalice, which is not mentioned in the list at that place. The date of the document must be later than the beginning of the fifteenth century, as in the list of officers at the end the Duke of York is privileged to carry the crown, and this title was first conferred in 1385. In many places the phraseology reminds the reader of the rubrics of Liber regalis, and the order of the service follows very closely the Liber regalis. The list of officers at the end is interesting. The extraordinary number of people called Nicholas is probably due to an expansion of the letter N, which appears before their names in Liber regalis. It will be noticed that the hereditary offices are on the whole still in the hands of the same families as hitherto. The marshalship however has already passed into the family of the Earls of Norfolk. The duty of the lord great chamberlain is added in French at the end of the document. [Bodl. MS. 596, fo. 47.] Forma Regum et Reginarum Coronacionis Anglie 1 Princeps equitabit] de Turri Londonie].1 [fo. 47 IN Primis. Princeps nouiter coronandus ante diem sue Coronacionis. nobili et decentissimo cultu apparetur equitando a Turri londonie vsque ad palacium Regum Westmonasterii per medium Ciuitatis londonie capite denudato. equitantibus cum eo Dominis temporalibus et Communitate Ciuitatis predicte cum proceribus et aliis. 1Sede[s regalis].' Item Prouideatur quod in die Coronacionis predicte in magna aula regia Westmonasterii sit sedes Regalis eminens pannis sericis et inauratis cum quissinis et tapetis decenter ornata. 1-1 In marg. 'Pulp[itum].1 Item Prouideatur quod in Ecclesia Westmonasterii sit vnum Pulpitum cum gradibus ex vtraque parte eiusdem et bene ornetur cum pannis❜ ex omni parte et in area eius. 1Tronus [Regalis].1 Item quod in dicto Pulpito sit Tronus Regalis et sedes in quo Rex sedere debet decentissime ornatus cum palliis sericis et quissinis inauratis. Abbas Westmonasterii [in later hand]. Abbas [Westmonasterii] infor[mabit Regem]. Item notandum quod Ab[bas Westmonasterii qui tempore fuerit per biduum vel triduum ante Co[r]3onacionem Regis vel Regine informabit eos de obseruanciis eorum faciendis in eorum Coronacione et ad mundendas eorum consciencias ante percepcionem sacre vnccionis. Et si abbas fuerit mortuus infirmus aut in partibus remotis aut legitime impeditus tunc debet eligi vnus monachus de gremio ecclesie per Conuentum Westmonasterii qui vices abbatis supplebit in hoc casu. [Clamisia et [t]unica.1 Item dicto die Coronacionis Princeps coronandus /in prefata [fo. 476 sede Regali eleuabitur in dicta aula ipso tamen prius balneato et post balneum preparentur sibi Camisia et Tunica serice facte et aperte vsque ad pectus et inter scapulas et in compagibus brachiorum aperturis Tunice et Camisie predictorum sibi inuicem annexis casulist argenteis et super dictam Tunicam induatur aliis vestimentis nobilibus et tantummodo caligis siue sotularibus calcietur. [Processio [solempnis.1 Item ordinetur processio per Abbatem et Conuentum Westmonasterii solempnis in Capis de Ecclesia Westmonasterii ad sedem regalem in aula predicta in qua princeps expectat in qua processione erunt Archiepiscopi Episcopi et alii prelati et tunc descendet princeps et sequetur processionem in ecclesiam Westmonasterii et ibit super pannum stragulatum positum a dicta sede super terram vsque ad pulpitum in predicta ecclesia Westmonasterii ordinatum et cantabuntur in dicta processione ea que in Recepcione Regum et Reginarum debent ex solito decantari. [Cru]x.* Item. Crux. Patena. Sceptrum et virga regia. que sunt de Regalibus 1-1 In marg. * After this word sericis et inauratis follows but has been struck through. ▲ In marg. This must be a mistake for the stone chalice of St. Edward. deferentur in processione per Abbatem et Priorem et Seniores monacho[s West]monasterii1 in palacium Regis de ecclesia Westmonasterii et ibi tra[dentur] diuersis magnatibus ad ea deferenda coram Principe de palacio ad ecclesiam Westmonasterii assignatis. [Ba]rones quinque [po]rtuum.2 Item Barones quinque portuum portabunt hastas argenteas per picturam cum Campanellis argenteis et deauratis, et 'hastis eris affixus pannis sericis protegens desuper Regem et Reginam in processione supradicta ad ecclesiam Westmonasterii supradictam et sic transibunt de sede regali in aula vsque ad pulpitum in ecclesia Westmonasterii. Abbas Westmonasterii].3 [fo. 48 Item Abbas Westmonasterii vel monachus supplens vices eius semper debet esse paratus Regis et Regine lateri adherere pro eorum informacione continua. 'Archiepiscopus inquirit] volun[tatem populi].3 Item postquam Princeps paululum quieuerit in cathedra seu trono in dicto pulpito ordinato tunc archiepiscopus Cantuariensis ad iiijo partes dicti pulpiti alta voce inquiret a plebe voluntatem de dicti principis coronacione ipso Principe interim stante in dicto trono seu Cathedra atque ad .iiijor partes dicti pulpiti dum archiepiscopus populum alloquitur se vertente et post dictam interrogacionem cantetur antiphona Firmetur manus tua. Obla[cio Regis]." Item. finita antiphona predicta descendat rex de pulpito predicto vsque ad magnum altare ducentibus eum Episcopis super quod tenetur offerre pallium vnum et vnam libram auri eius complendo preceptum qui dixit: Non appareas vacuus in conspectu domini dei tui. Rex pros[ternitur] ante [altare].3 Item post oblacionem factam prosternat se Rex super pauimentum ante altare prius per regis ministros pannis et quissinis decentibus sericis stratum donec archiepiscopus vel alius eum coronaturus super eum dixerit oracionem Deus fidelium &c. et tunc fiat sermo ad populum. Rex pre[stat] iuram[entum]." Item finito sermone accedit Rex ad altare ad faciendum iuramentum suum quod debet confirmare cum sacramento dominici corporis. 2-2 In marg. 1 A large hole in MS. 3-3 leg. hastis erit affixus pannus sericus. 4 This should be humilium. 1Rex iter[um] proster[nitur].1 Item tunc incipiatur ympnus. Veni creator spiritus. et solempniter decantetur, quo inchoato prosternat se Rex vt prius coram altari predicto donec super ipsum letania et prefacio ex toto decantentur, quibus decantatis surgat Rex et resideat in cathedra sua. paululum quiescens. Vnccio Regis in] quinq[ue locis].1 Item postea surgat Rex de cathedra et vadat /ad altare et [fo. 486 deponet vestes suas preter Tunicam et Camisiam predictas vt recipiat vnccionem. choro canente antiphonam. Vnxerunt salamonem cum oracione subsequenti et tunc vngatur in quinque locis videlicet in manibus interius in pectore inter scapulas in compagibus brachiorum et in capite in modum crucis cum oleo sancto et postea in capientet faciendo crucem cum crismate ansulis predictarum Tunice et Camisie prius apertis. 1[Ab]bas [We]stmonasterii.1 Item post vnccionem predictam et lineis panniculis detersis. postea debent comburi connectantur ansule aperturorum†. predictarum propter vnccionem ab abbate Westmonasterii vel eius vices gerente. [Ab]bas Westmonasterii [de]ponet pileum Regis.1 Item post vnccionem capitis Regis. idem capud cooperiat pileo lineo propter vnccionem sanctam, et sic permanebit vsque ad octauum diem vnccionis, ad quem diem abbas Westmonasterii vel eius vicem gerens veniet ad Regem et deponet dictum pileum et capud Regium lauabit et mundabit. [A]bbas Westmonasterii [in]duet Regem [R]egalibus.1 Item post dictam vnccionem abbas Westmonasterii vel eius vicem gerens induet Regem regalibus indumentis videlicet Sindonis colobio ad modum dalmatice formato, caligis et Sandariis, Et tunc sequantur benedicciones ornamentorum Regalium ab archiepiscopo. [R]ex induatur per [A]bbatem Westmonasterii [l]onga tunica.1 Item his expletis. prefatus Rex ab abbate Westmonasterii vel eius vicem gerente tunica longa intexta magnis ymaginibus aureis ante et retro induetur super predictum colobium cum caligis Sandariis et calcaribus tibiis eius coaptatis. [B]enediccio Ensis.1 Item post hoc benedicatur ensis regius et dictum ensem idem rex2 ab Episcopis accipiet et seipsum precinget cum dicto ense et armillas |