5. Taking ground to a Flank.

If for a short distance only, the front may be broken, at the order 'Right (Left)-Turn,' into fours to the flank named; otherwise sections must be wheeled to the flank.

6. Reversing and Reforming the Front.

The front may be reversed and reformed by the wheel about of fours or by the wheel about of sections;

the former must only be employed when it is required to reverse the front for a very short distance, or in section-drill; with a squadron and regiment the inversion must invariably be made by the wheel about of sections.

In wheeling about by sections, the order is given 'Wheel about' (Umkehrt-Schwenken); if the wheel is to be on the left pivot, 'Left wheel about'; 'Walk (Trot, Gallop)-March,' or ' March,' when the sections wheel about together; before the wheel is quite completed, the 'Halt' or 'Forward' is given, as required. 7. The Pace.

Four distinct paces are laid down for the movement of cavalry: the walk, the trot, the gallop, and the charge.

The walk must be brisk, and cover at least 140 paces in the minute.

The trot is the most suitable of the accelerated paces for traversing long distances: there are two kinds of trot, the short trot and the trot out; the latter is only used in the riding-school; the former should cover 300 paces in the minute.

The gallop is a great strain to the horse when kept up for long distances, and must be used with great practical judgment, so as, in case of need, to be able to cover from 3,000 to 4,000 paces at a stretch, without exhausting the horses; there are also two distinct paces in the gallop, the short gallop (canter) and the full gallop; the former is only used in the ridingschool, the latter on all occasions when it is required

to get over ground quicker than at a trot.

is 450 paces to the minute.

The pace

The charge is a gallop accelerated to the utmost power of the horse, and is only employed for short distances, viz. for attack, pursuit, &c.

When moving off from the halt, the word 'March' must always follow the pace ordered. In accelerating or diminishing the pace, the order is not followed by the March.' In all these words of command, as well as in the order to halt, the last syllable or word must never be pronounced short or with emphasis, but broadly, and the voice allowed to dwell upon it.

When moving off from the halt, the order is 'Walk (Trot, Canter, Gallop)—March.' At the word 'Trot' the pace is accelerated to the short trot; the gallop may be commenced from the halt, or broken into from the walk or trot; when the gallop is ordered, the full gallop is always to be ridden; the charge is ordered by the word 'March-March,' and should, as a rule, be broken into only from the full gallop.

In diminishing the pace from the gallop to the trot, the word Trot,' and from every accelerated pace to the walk, the word 'Walk' is given; at the word 'Halt' every horse is stopped.

8. Regulations for Words of Command and Signals.

The Section.-The section is commanded with the voice. The words of command for dressing, inclining, wheeling, checking the pace, or halting, must always be accompanied by a corresponding signal with

the sword or the hand. When the section is properly instructed, the men must be taught to understand and follow these signals without any command of the voice.

The Squadron.-The movements of a squadron, working with other bodies of troops, are directed with the voice in the same manner as the section, and with the same words of command so far as they are applicable to the larger unit. The squadron commander may, if he thinks it desirable to attract the attention of his men before giving his command, prefix to it the word 'Attention' (Habt Acht). Before giving the word of command, the squadron commander must always raise his sword vertically over the head with outstretched arm, bringing it down with a sweep in the direction of the movement on giving the order of march.

The Regiment.-When working in brigade, &c., or with other bodies of troops, the regimental commander commands with the voice; when working independently orders may be given with the trumpet. Both words of command and trumpet signals are given on the same principle as for the squadron, so far at least as the former are applicable to the regiment, excepting that the last syllable or word in every word of command is never to be pronounced with emphasis. The regimental commander gives the word 'Attention' when he desires to attract the notice of the squadron commanders. In all words of command given by the regimental commander, which, as in the section, are not followed by the March,' the necessary

movements are at once carried out by the squadron commanders; in all those which are followed by the 'March,' the squadron leaders give their respective commands at the last word of the order of the regimental commander, but do not order the 'March' until it or the trumpet signal for carrying out the order is given by him. The squadrons themselves do not move until they receive the order from their leaders. Every command given by the regimental commander is applicable to all the squadrons of the regiment; if an order is required to affect a portion of the regiment only, e.g. a division or perhaps a single squadron, the division or squadron concerned must be first named.

9. Duties of the Commanders.

If the squadrons are so combined that they can be commanded by the regimental commander with the voice or trumpet, the division leaders superintend the correct leading of the squadrons of their divisions, without themselves giving any words of command. The few exceptions in which the division leaders have to give commands are noted where they occur. When the regiment is broken up, and the working of the separate divisions can only be directed by carried verbal or written orders, or their respective movements are quite independent one of the other, the divisions are commanded by the division leaders, with the voice or trumpet, in the same manner as the regiment.

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