2. Agesilaus the Great, hearing one praise an orator who had the power of magnifying little things, said, "I do not like a shoemaker who puts large shoes on a small foot."

3. Had a Spartan been asked, "What is the chief end of man?” he would have answered by inquiring if it was not to live as uncomfortably as possible, and to die fighting, spitted by a hostile spear.

Direction. · Write sentences illustrating these changes.

Adverb clauses may be changed to adjective clauses, and one of the independent clauses in a compound sentence to an adjective or an adverb clause.

Direction. - Change the adverb clause below to an adjective clause, and one clause of each compound sentence to a dependent clause, adjective or adverb:

1. Give us the luxuries of life, and we will dispense with its necessaries.

2. There is surely an eclipse, it is growing dark at midday. 3. The engines are returning, the fire is put out.

4. When a miser has lost his hoard, he has nothing left to comfort him.

5. The prodigal son had the best of reasons for staying at home, yet he wandered away from it.

6. Pearls are worn by queens, and yet these jewels are formed inside of oyster shells.

Direction. Write sentences illustrating these changes.

LESSON 18.

EXPANSION AND SUBSTITUTION.

Direction. By expansion and substitution illustrate, with the sentences in this and in the following Lesson, the teaching of the last four Lessons, and give an account of your work:

1. Everybody has something to teach us.

2. Almost extinguished among the Jews, sacrifice is still a part of the worship of the Bedouin Arab.

3. Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations" is one of the most important books men have written.

4. The wonderful having become common, we are likely to overlook it.

5. George the Third's reign was the golden age of mediocrity. 6. Milton was not only the highest but the completest type of Puritanism.

7. The setting sun, mantling with the bloom of roses the Alpine snows, had to our eyes a value beyond its optical one.

8. A race shortening its weapons lengthens its boundaries.

9. We are all tattooed in our cradles with the national beliefs and prejudices.

10. The story of Cromwell's being prevented by a royal embargo from crossing the sea to America is probably unfounded.

II. No poet of the first class has ever left a school behind him, his imagination being incommunicable.

12. A petition from the officers of Parliament demanded the withdrawal of the proposal to restore the monarchy.

13. After eating honey, one thinks his tea to be without sugar. 14. The fire is out, for the engines are returning.

15. Had you asked Dr. Johnson what his opinion of a sick man was, he would have replied, "Every man is a rascal as soon as he is sick."

16. To defend ourselves and our own is an imperative duty.

17. The Nibelungen Lied, the great epic of Germany, dates, in all probability, back to 1200.

18. The best of perfumes is just fresh air with no mixture of anything in it.

19. Shakespeare was forty-four years old at Milton's birth.

20. Mohammedans promise to live up to the teachings of the Koran.

21. Wishing to enjoy the Adirondacks, you must carry mountains in your brain.

22. Read by so many, the words of the English Bible do not become obsolete.

23. The effect of friction is to heat the substances rubbed. 24. We are certain in the end to overcome evil with good. 25. The weeds in our gardens and in our minds are likely to grow so fast as to choke the plants.

26. Staying at home, one may visit Italy and the tropics.

27. Trifles light as air are, to the jealous, confirmations strong as proofs from holy writ.

Direction. - Write sentences and expand them to illustrate the points made above. When you can, illustrate, as above, more than one point in a sentence.

LESSON 19.

EXPANSION AND SUBSTITUTION.

1. The lamper eel fastens upon a person or a fish to suck out the blood.

2. We are always glad to harness a force of nature to our work.

3. Drive a strange ox into a pasture, and there will always be a trial of strength between him and the leader of the herd.

4. The dough not being well kneaded, the bread is too porous. 5. Dry flour having been added to the dough, the loaf will be hard and close.

6. Sir Walter Scott was unjust to himself to write, after his great failure, almost without cessation.

7. We are sorry to see the days growing shorter and the nights longer.

8. It is a good sign, when writing, to have your feet grow cold. 9. The frost having appeared, the yellow fever is still loth to leave.

10. Liberty's knowing nothing but victory has almost become an adage.

II. Everybody concedes Washington's having been a purer patriot than Napoleon.

12. God made the country, and man, the town.

13. To earn is to have.

14. Being delightful is being classic.

15. Capt. Eads built jetties at the mouth of the Mississippi for the improvement of the channel.

16. With good health and cheerful spirits, one can accomplish much.

17. By keeping the fields free from weeds, one will not necessarily reap a bountiful harvest.

18. By allowing the weeds to grow unchecked, the farmer will reap nothing at all.

19. Rain, falling, rises from the lakes and seas as vapor.

20. Night came on, closing the petals of the flowers.

21. A strong argument against the jury-system is the court's excluding intelligent men from the jury-box.

22. Arnold was fearful of being detected in his treason.

23. Each rogue, repenting, melts his stern papa.

24. Cairo is situated at the junction of the Ohio with the Mississippi.

25. The Nile, rising to a certain height, makes Egypt fruitful. 26. By no enactment of Maine Laws will legislatures utterly destroy intemperance.

27. The grass is covered with dew this morning, because the night was clear and cool.

28. By the concealment of his crime, the murderer escaped detection.

29. A scholar who has lost his money is not a bankrupt.

30. Though we live in time and space, yet we can understand neither.

31. Water, one of whose elements is inflammable and the other supports combustion, is itself hostile to fire.

32. The ice, having contracted and left great cracks, must have been subjected to very low temperature.

33. Hamlet's mother asking him, “What have I done that thou dar'st wag thy tongue in noise so rude against me?” he replied that it was an act which blurred the grace and blush of modesty. 34. Roads are repaired for the accommodation of travellers. 35. The true patriot does not act from selfishness.

Direction. - Be careful so to expand and change the sentences in Lessons 18 and 19 that every point in the four preceding Lessons shall be illustrated. Give the reason for every mark of punctuation used in your work.

LESSON 20.

COMPOSITION OF SENTENCES.

Direction. - Notice how, by reducing some of these simple sentences to adjective clauses and afterwards to participial and prepositional phrases, this series of sentences is converted into one sentence:

I greatly admire the Alps. I see them distinctly from the windows of my "Castles in Spain." I delight in the taste of the southern fruit. This fruit ripens upon my terraces. I enjoy the pensive shade of the Italian ruins. These ruins are in my gardens. I like to shoot crocodiles. I like to talk with the Sphinx. The Sphinx stands upon the shores of the Nile. The Nile flows through my domain

=

I greatly admire the Alps, which I see distinctly from the windows of my "Castles in Spain; " I delight in the taste of the southern fruit that ripens upon my terraces; I enjoy the pensive shade of the Italian ruins which are in my gardens; I like to shoot crocodiles, and talk with the Sphinx standing upon the shores of the Nile which flows through my domain

my

I greatly admire the Alps, seen distinctly from the windows of "Castles in Spain; " I delight in the taste of the southern fruit ripening upon my terraces; I enjoy the pensive shade of the Italian ruins in my gardens; I like to shoot crocodiles, and talk with the Sphinx upon the shores of the Nile flowing through my domain.

Direction. Notice how, by the use of adjective and adverb clauses and prepositional phrases, these sentences reduce to a single beautiful

sentence: