editor. Sometimes the matter it contains will facilities of postal conveyance so comparatively

be worth the pains bestowed upon it; but it tardy. The epistles of the lady, through the very often happens that it is not. It is one partiality of her brother, were frequently shown thing to make a speech-another to write an to Clive, and they bespoke her to be what from article. But the speech often, no less than the all accounts she was-a woman of very superior article, requires editorial supervision. The re- understanding, and of much amiability of charporter is the speaker's editor, and a very effi- acter. Clive was charmed with her letters, for cient one too. In a large number of cases, the in those days, be it remembered, the fair sex speaker owes more to the reporter than he were not so familiarized to the pen as at the would willingly acknowledge. The speech as present period. At that time, to indite a really spoken would often be unreadable, but that the good epistle as to penmanship and diction, was reporter finishes the unfinished sentences, and a formidable task, and what few ladies, comsupplies meanings which are rather suggested paratively speaking, could attain to. The acthan expressed. It would be easy to name complished sister of Dr. Maskelyne was one of members who are capable of writing admirable the few exceptions, and so strongly did her articles; but many of them owe their position epistolary powers attract the interest, and gain in the House to some antecedent connection for her the affections of Clive, that it endwith the press, or have become, in some manner ed by his offering to marry the young lady, if regularly connected with the press;" and she could be induced to visit her brother at have acquired, by long practice, the capacity Madras. The latter, through whom the sugof article-writing. But take any half-dozen members indiscriminately out of the House, and set them down to write articles on any subject which they may have just heard debated, and see how grotesque will be their efforts? They may be very "clever fellows," but that they can write articles as well as men whose profession it is to write them, we take upon ourselves emphatically to deny.

ANECDOTE OF LORD CLIVE.

gestion was to be made, hesitated, and seemed inclined to discourage the proposition; but Clive in this instance evinced that determination of purpose which was so strong a feature in his character. He could urge, too, with more confidence a measure on which so much of his happiness depended-for he was now no longer the poor neglected boy, sent out to seek his fortune, but one who had already acquired a fame which promised future greatness. In short, he would take no refusal; and then was the brother of Miss Maskelyne forced to own, that highly as

ALTHOUGH of a gloomy temperament, and his sister was endowed with every mental quali

from the earliest age evincing those characteristics of pride and shyness which rendered him unsocial, and therefore unpopular in general society, this nobleman, in the private walks of life, was amiable, and peculiarly disinterested While in India, his correspondence with those of his own family evinced in a remarkable degree those right and kindly feelings which could hardly have been expected from Clive, considering the frowardness of early life and the inflexible sternness of more advanced age. When the foundation of his fortune was laid, Lord Clive evinced a praiseworthy recollection of the friends of his early days. He bestowed an annuity of £800 on his parents, while to other relations and friends he was proportionately liberal. He was a devotedly attached husband, as his letters to Lady Clive bear testimony. Her maiden name was Maskelyne, sister to the eminent mathematician, so called, who long held the post of astronomer royal. This marriage, which took place in 1752, with the circumstances attending it, are somewhat singular, and worth recording: Clive, who was at that period just twenty-seven, had formed a previous friendship with one of the lady's brothers, like himself a resident at Madras. The brother and sister, it appears, kept up an affectionate and constant correspondence-that is, as constant an interchange of epistolary communication as could be accomplished nearly a century ago, when the distance between Great Britain and the East appeared so much more formidable, and the

fication, nature had been singularly unfavorable to her-personal attractions she had none. The future hero of Plassy was not, however, to be deterred-but he made this compromise: If the lady could be prevailed upon to visit India, and that neither party, on a personal acquaintance, felt disposed for a nearer connection, the sum of £5000 was to be presented to her. With this understanding all scruples were overcome. Miss Maskelyne went out to India, and immediately after became the wife of Clive, who, already prejudiced in her favor, is said to have expressed himself surprised that she should ever have been represented to him as plain. So much for the influence of mind and manner over mere personal endowments. With the sad end of this distinguished general every reader is familiar. His lady survived the event by many years, and lived to a benevolent and venerable old age.

Astonished at such an answer, he

of Tewing; her second, Captain Sabine, younger woman. brother of General Joseph Sabine, of Quino- begged pardon, made a low bow, and set out hall; her third, Charles, eighth Lord Cathcart, of the kingdom of Scotland, Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in the West Indies; and her fourth, Hugh Macguire, an officer in the Hungarian service, for whom she bought a iieutenant-colonel's commission in the British army, and whom she also survived. She was not encouraged, however, by his treatment, to verify the resolution, which she inscribed as a posy on her wedding-ring:

"If I survive,

I will have five."

Her avowed motives for these several engagements were, for the first, obedience to her parents; for the second, money; for the third, title; and for the fourth, submission to the fact that "the devil owed her a grudge, and would punish her for her sins." In the last union she met with her match. The Hibernian fortunehunter wanted only her money. Soon after their marriage, she discovered her grievous mistake, and became alarmed lest the colonel, who was desperately in love, not with the widow, but with the "widow's jointured land," designed to carry her off, and to get absolute power over all her property; to prepare for the worst, her ladyship plaited some of her jewels in her hair, and quilted others in her petticoat. Meanwhile the mistress of the colonel so far insinuated herself into his wife's confidence that she learned where her will was deposited; and Macguire getting sight of it, insisted on an alteration in his favor, under a threat of instant death. Lady Cathcart's apprehensions of the loss of her personal freedom proved to be not without foundation; one morning, when she and her husband went out from Tewing to take an airing, she proposed, after a time, to return, but he desired to go a little further. The coachman drove on; she remonstrated, "they should not be back by dinner-time." "Be not the least uneasy on that account," rejoined Macguire; we do not dine to-day at Tewing, but at Chester, whither we are journeying.” Vain were all the lady's efforts and expostulations. Her sudden disappearance excited the alarm of her friends, and an attorney was sent in pursuit, with a writ of habeas corpus or ne exeat regno. He overtook the travelers at an inn at Chester, and succeeding in obtaining an interview with the husband, demanded a sight of Lady Cathcart. The colonel, skilled in expedients, and aware that his wife's person was unknown, assured the attorney that he should see her ladyship immediately, and he would find that she was going to Ireland with her own free consent. Thereupon Macquire persuaded a woman, whom he had properly tutored, to personate his wife. The attorney asked the supposed captive, if she accompanied Colonel Macguire to Ireland of her own good-will? "Perfectly so," said the

again for London. Macguire thought that possibly Mr. Attorney might recover his senses, find how he had been deceived, and yet stop his progress; and in order to make all safe, he sent two or three fellows after him, with directions to plunder him of all he had, particularly of his papers. They faithfully executed their commission; and when the colonel had the writ in his possession, he knew that he was safe. He then took my lady over to Ireland, and kept her there, a prisoner, locked up in his own house at Tempo, in Fermanagh, for many years; during which period he was visited by the neighboring gentry, and it was his regular custom at dinner to send his compliments to Lady Cathcart, informing her that the company had the honor to drink her ladyship's health, and begging to know whether there was any thing at table that she would like to eat? The answer was always-"Lady Cathcart's compliments, and she has every thing she wants." An instance of honesty in a poor Irishwoman deserves to be recorded. Lady Cathcart had some remarkably fine diamonds, which she had concealed from her husband, and which she was anxious to get out of the house, lest he should discover them. She had neither servant nor friend to whom she could intrust them, but she had observed a beggar who used to come to the house, she spoke to her from the window of the room in which she was confined; the woman promised to do what she desired, and Lady Cathcart threw a parcel, containing the jewels, to her.

The poor woman carried them to the person to whom they were directed; and several years afterward, when Lady Cathcart recovered her liberty, she received her diamonds safely. At Colonel Macguire's death, which occurred in 1764, her ladyship was released. When she was first informed of the fact, she imagined that the news could not be true, and that it was told only with an intention of deceiving her. At the time of her deliverance she had scarcely clothes sufficient to cover her; she wore a red wig, looked scared, and her understanding seemed stupefied: she said that she scarcely knew one human creature from another: her imprisonment had lasted nearly twenty years. The moment she regained her freedom she hastened to England, to her house at Tewing, but the tenant, a Mr. Joseph Steele, refusing to render up possession, Lady Catheart had to bring an action of ejectment, attended the assizes in person, and gained the cause. At Tewing she continued to reside for the remainder of her life. The only subsequent notice we find of her is, that, at the age of eighty, she took part in the gayeties of the Welwyn Assembly, and danced with the spirit of a girl. She did not die until 1789, when she was in her ninety-eighth year.

In the mansion-house of Tempo, now the property of Sir John Emerson Tennent, the room Lady Cathcart's marriage to Macguire took place is still shown in which Lady Cathcart was im

8th May, 1745.

prisoned

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC MISCELLANY.

FROM OUR FOREIGN FILES, AND UNPUBLISHED BOOKS.

gretted, and thought scarcely justified by the provocation. Nothing of the kind occurred ever after."

Constable soon remunerated the editor with a liberality corresponding to that with which contributors were treated. From 1803 to 1809 Jeffrey received 200 guineas for editing each number. For the ensuing three years, the account-books are missing; but from 1813 to 1826 he is credited £700 for editing each number.

SIDNE IDNEY SMITH'S account of the origin of the Edinburgh Review is well known. The following statement was written by Lord JEFFREY, at the request of Robert Chambers, in November, 1846, and is now first made public: "I can not say exactly where the project of the Edinburgh Review was first talked of among the projectors. But the first serious consultations about it—and which led to our application to a publisher-were held in a small house, where I then lived, in Buccleugh-place (I forget the number). They were attended by S. Smith, F. Horner, Dr. Thomas Brown, Lord Murray, The "Economist" closes an article upon the and some of them also by Lord Webb Seymour, late Sir ROBERT PEEL with the following just Dr. John Thomson, and Thomas Thomson. The and eloquent summation: first three numbers were given to the publisher "Sir Robert was a scholar, and a liberal and ―he taking the risk and defraying the charges. discerning patron of the arts. Though not There was then no individual editor, but as social, he was a man of literary interests and of many of us as could be got to attend used to elegant and cultivated taste. Possessed of immeet in a dingy room of Willson's printing mense wealth, with every source and avenue of office, in Craig's Close, where the proofs of our enjoyment at his command, it is no slight merit own articles were read over and remarked upon, in him that he preferred to such refined enjoy. and attempts made also to sit in judgment on ment the laborious service of his country. He the few manuscripts which were then offered by was no holiday or dillettanti statesman. His strangers. But we had seldom patience to go industry was prodigious, and he seemed actually through with this; and it was soon found neces- to love work. His toil in the memorable six sary to have a responsible editor, and the office months of 1835 was something absolutely prowas pressed upon me. About the same time digious; in 1842 and 1843 scarcely less so. Constable was told that he must allow ten His work was always done in a masterly and guineas a sheet to the contributors, to which he business-like style, which testified to the conat once assented; and not long after, the mini-scientious diligence he had bestowed upon it mum was raised to sixteen guineas, at which it His measures rarely had to be altered or modi remained during my reign. Two-thirds of the fied in their passage through the House. In articles were paid much higher-averaging, I manners he was always decorous-never overshould think, from twenty to twenty-five guineas bearing or insulting, and if ever led by the heat a sheet on the whole number. I had, I might of contest into any harsh or unbecoming expres say, an unlimited discretion in this respect, and sion, was always prompt to apologize or retract. must do the publishers the justice to say that By his unblemished private character, by his they never made the slightest objection. Indeed, unrivaled administrative ability, by his vast pubas we all knew that they had (for a long time lic services, his unvarying moderation, he had at least) a very great profit, they probably felt impressed not only England but the world at that they were at our mercy. Smith was by large with a respect and confidence such as few far the most timid of the confederacy, and be- attain. After many fluctuations of repute, he lieved that, unless our incognito was strictly had at length reached an eminence on which he maintained, we could not go on a day; and this stood-independent of office, independent of was his object for making us hold our dark di-party-one of the acknowledged potentates of vans at Willson's office, to which he insisted on our repairing singly, and by back approaches or different lanes ! He also had so strong an impression of Brougham's indiscretion and rashness, that he would not let him be a member of our association, though wished for by all the rest. He was admitted, however, after the third number, and did more work for us than any body. Brown took offense at some alterations Smith had made in a trifling article of his in the second number, and left us thus early; publishing at the same time in a magazine the fact of his secession-a step which we all deeply re

Europe; face to face, in the evening of life. with his work and his reward-his work, to aid the progress of those principles on which, after much toil, many sacrifices, and long groping toward the light, he had at length laid a firm grasp; his guerdon, to watch their triumph. Nobler occupation man could not aspire to; sublimer power no ambition need desire; greater earthly reward, God, out of all the riches of his boundless treasury has not to bestow."

Numerous projects for monuments to the deceased statesman have been broached. In reference to these, and to the poverty of though',

and waste of means, which in the present age | British islands the land is held in large masses builds for all time with materials so perishable by a few persons; the class practically employed as statues, a correspondent of the Athenæum in agriculture are either tenants or laborers, suggests, as a more intelligent memorial, the who do not act under the stimulus of a personal foundation of a national university for the educa- interest in the soil they cultivate. tion of the sons of the middle classes. Ours, he says, are not the days for copying the forms of ancient Rome as interpreters of feelings and aspirations which the Romans never knew. While the statues which they reared are dispersed, and the columns they erected are crumbling to decay, their thoughts, as embodied in their literature, are with us yet, testifying forever of the great spirits which perished from among them, but left, in this sure and abiding form, the legacy of their minds.

A self-taught artist named Carter has recently died at Coggshall, Essex, where he had for many years resided. He was originally a farm laborer, and by accident lost the power of every part of his body but the head and neck. By the force of perseverance and an active mind, however, he acquired the power of drawing and painting, by holding the pencil between his lips and teeth, when placed there by the kind offices of an affectionate sister. In this manner he had not only whiled away the greater part of fourteen years of almost utter physical helplessness, but has actually produced works which have met with high commendation. His groups and compositions are said to have been " most delicately worked and highly finished." The poor fellow had contemplated the preparation of some grand work for the International Exhibition, but the little of physical life remaining in him was lately extinguished by a new accident.

The effect upon civilization of the Ownership of the Land being in the hands of a few, or of the many, has been earnestly discussed by writers on political and social economy. Two books have recently been published in England, which have an important bearing upon this subject. One is by SAMUEL LAING, Esq. the well known traveler, and the other by JOSEPH KAY, Esq. of Cambridge. Both these writers testify that in the continental countries which they have examined-more especially in Germany, CONVERSATION OF LITERARY MEN.-Literary France, Holland, Belgium and Switzerland- men talk less than they did. They seldom "lay they have found a state of society which does out" much for conversation. The conversational, fulfill in a very eminent degree all the conditions like the epistolary age, is past; and we have of a most advanced civilization. They have come upon the age of periodical literature. found in those countries education, wealth, com- People neither put their best thoughts and their fort, and self-respect; and they have found that available knowledge into their letters, nor keep the whole body of the people in those countries them for evening conversation. The literary participate in the enjoyment of these great bless- men of 1850 have a keener eye to the value of ings to an extent which very far exceeds the their stock-in-trade, and keep it well garnered participation in them of the great mass of the up, for conversion, as opportunity offers, into population of England. These two travelers the current coin of the realm. There is some perfectly agree in the declaration that during periodical vehicle, nowadays, for the reception the last thirty or forty years the inequality of of every possible kind of literary ware. The social condition among men-the deterioration literary man converses now through the medium toward two great classes of very rich and very of the Press, and turns every thing into copypoor-has made very little progress in the con- right at once. He can not afford to drop his tinental states with which they are familiar. ideas by the way-side; he must keep them to They affirm that a class of absolute paupers in himself, until the printing-press has made them any degree formidable from its numbers has yet inalienably his own. If a happy historical or to be created in those states. They represent literary illustration occurs to him, it will do for in the most emphatic language the immense a review article; if some un-hackneyed view of superiority in education, manners, conduct, and a great political question presents itself to him, the supply of the ordinary wants of a civilized it may be worked into his next leader; if some being, of the German, Swiss, Dutch, Belgian trifling adventure has occurred to him, or he and French peasantry over the peasantry and has picked up a novel anecdote in the course of poorer classes not only of Ireland, but also of his travels, it may be reproduced in a page of England and Scotland." This is the general and magazine matter, or a column of a cheap weekly the most decided result with reference to the serial. Even puns are not to be distributed gratis. vital question of the condition and prospects of There is a property in a double-entente, which the peasantry and poorer classes, neither Mr. its parent will not willingly forego. The smallLaing nor Mr. Kay have any doubt whatever est jokelet is a marketable commodity. The that the advantage rests in the most marked dinner-table is sacrificed to Punch. There is manner with the continental states which they too much competition in these days, too many have examined over Great Britain. According to hungry candidates for the crumbs that fall from Mr. Laing and Mr. Kay, the cause of this most the thinker's table, not to make him chary of his important difference is the distribution of the offerings. In these days, every scrap of knowlownership of land. On the continent, the edge-every happy thought-every felicitous people own and cultivate the land. In the turn of expression, is of some value to a literary

VOL. I.-No. 4.-N N

man; the forms of periodical literature are so many and so varied. He can seldom afford to give any thing away; and there is no reason why he should. It is not so easy a thing to turn one's ideas into bread, that a literary man need be at no pains to preserve his property in them. We do not find that artists give away their sketches, or that professional singers perform promiscuously at private parties. Perhaps, in these days of much publishing, professional authors are wise in keeping the best of themselves for their books and articles. We have known professional writers talk criticism; but we have generally found it to be the very reverse of what they have published.

brilliant. They gave themselves to the one paper; they had only given a part of themselves to the other.

SCHAMYL, the Prophet of the Caucasus, through whose inspiriting leadership the Caucasians have maintained a successful struggle against the gigantic power of Russia for many years, is described by a recent writer as a man of middle stature; he has light hair, gray eyes, shaded by bushy and well-arched eyebrows; a nose finely moulded, and a small mouth. His features are distinguished from those of his race by a peculiar fairness of complexion and delicacy of skin: the elegant form of his hands and feet is not less remarkable. The apparent stiffREWARDS OF LITERATURE.-Literature has ness of his arms, when he walks, is a sign of his been treated with much ingratitude, even by stern and impenetrable character His address those who owe most to it. If we do not quite is thoroughly noble and dignified. Of himself say with Goldsmith, that it supports many dull he is completely master; and he exerts a tacit fellows in opulence, we may assert, with un- supremacy over all who approach him. An deniable truth, that it supports, or ought to sup- immovable, stony calmness, which never forport, many clever ones in comfort and respecta- sakes him, even in moments of the utmost danbility. If it does not it is less the fault of the ger, broods over his countenance. He passes a profession than the professors themselves. There sentence of death with the same composure with are many men now in London, Edinburgh, and which he distributes "the sabre of honor" to his other parts of the country, earning from £1000 bravest Murids, after a bloody encounter. With to £300 per annum by their literary labors, traitors or criminals whom he has resolved to and some, with very little effort, earning con- destroy he will converse without betraying the siderably more. It is no part of our plan in least sign of anger or vengeance. He regards the present article to mix up modern instances himself as a mere instrument in the hands of a with our wise saws, else might we easily name higher Being; and holds, according to the Sufì writers who, for contributions to the periodical doctrine, that all his thoughts and determinapress, for serial installments of popular tales, tions are immediate inspirations from God. The and other literary commodities, demanding no flow of his speech is as animating and irresist very laborious efforts of intellectual industry, ible as his outward appearance is awful and have received from flourishing newspaper pro- commanding. "He shoots flames from his eyes, prietors and speculative booksellers, sums of and scatters flowers from his lips," said Bersek money which it would be difficult to earn with Bey, who sheltered him for some days after the equal facility in any other learned profession. fall of Achulgo, when Schamyl dwelt for some An appointment on the editorial staff of a lead-time among the princes of the Djighetes and ing daily paper is in itself a small fortune to a Ubiches, for the purpose of inciting the tribes The excellence of the articles is, for the on the Black Sea to rise against the Russians. most part, in proportion to the sum paid for Schamyl is now fifty years old, but still full of them; and a successful morning journal will vigor and strength; it is however said, that he generally find it good policy to pay its con- has for some years past suffered from an obsti tributors in such a manner as to secure the nate disease of the eyes, which is constantly entire produce of their minds, or, at all events, growing worse. He fills the intervals of leisure to get the best fruits that they are capable of which his public charges allow him, in reading yielding. If a man can earn a comfortable the Koran, fasting, and prayer. Of late years independence by writing three or four leading he has but seldom, and then only on critical ocarticles a week, there is no need that he should casions, taken a personal share in warlike enhave his pen ever in his hand, that he should counters. In spite of his almost supernatural be continually toiling at other and less profitable activity, Schamyl is excessively severe and temwork. But if he is to keep himself ever fresh perate in his habits. A few hours of sleep are and ever vigorous for one master he must be enough for him; at times he will watch for the paid for it. whole night, without showing the least trace of fatigue on the following day. He eats little, and water is his only beverage. According to Mohammedan custom, he keeps several wives. In 1844 he had three, of which his favorite (Pearl of the Harem, as she was called) was an Armenian, of exquisite beauty.

man.

There are instances of public writers who had shown evident signs of exhaustion when employed on one paper-who had appeared, indeed, to have written themselves out so thoroughly, that the proprietors were fain to dispense with their future services -transferring those services to another paper, under more encouraging circumstances of renuneration, and, as though endued with new life, striking out articles fresh, vigorous, and

A Frankfort journal states that the colossa statue of Bavaria, by Schwanthaler, which is to