NAME OF COMPANY. NAME that similar colors do not appear in the same department for different purposes. The blanks are arranged to suit regular printer's sizes of paper, which is usually 17 in. x 22 in., and cardboard, which is 22 in. x 28 in. It is not necessary or advisable that all blanks shall be of a uniform size, although there should be no more different sizes than necessity or convenience demands. They may be ruled horizontally for convenience in writing if desired, but many prefer them plain, particularly in the smaller sizes. MATERIALS. REQUIRED FOR ORDER NO. DATE AMOUNT FURNISHED FOR ORDER NO. MATERIAL COST AMOUNT FIG. 170. Size, 8 x 11 in. Color, Light Green. MAT Name of Company. Name PURCH It is now proper to describe the method by which labor is accounted for. There is in vogue in the different shops of the country many and various styles and forms of time cards for recording the time of employees on different jobs of work or on different operations on pieces of the same job. A large majority of these require the employee to do some writing upon them. This is disagreeable to the men and frequently not correct. It is difficult to tell why a man does not want to make out a time card, but every shop man knows the fact well enough, and all have heard men growl about it and say, "I'm a machinist, not a bookkeeper or a clerk," and if they don't swear aloud they are apt to think it, and that injures their efficiency just as much. Various registering clocks have been devised to remedy these difficulties and to a greater or less degree they have helped Required for_____ Order No.- Part No. FIG. 171.-Size, 8 x 11 in. Color, Yellow. matters quite a good deal. One of the most practical of these is that called the International Card Recorder. In this clock a card is dropped into a receptacle, a lever depressed and as a bell rings the actual time to the minute is printed on the time card in a space allotted to it. The changes from A. M. to P. M. as well as that from day to day are performed automatically by the clock mechanism. A lever operated by the workman changes the position of the card from "in" to "out" according as the man is beginning or quitting work. The cards are of sufficient length to contain a week's record, and special spaces are provided for overtime. They are made out by the timekeeper and placed in the "out" rack on Saturday after the men have quit work. They have the workman's name and number at the top and are kept in a special rack or case at the side of the clock from which the workmen approach it, so that they may each take the proper card out of the case, step to the clock, stamp the hour, pass to the case on the opposite side of the clock and drop it into the case there. Over these cases are placards bearing the words "Day Time. IN." and "Day Time. OUT." One of these time cards is Fig. 174. At the end of the week the cards are dropped into a box marked "Day Time," and placed under the "Out" case, and the timekeeper takes them up when leaving cards for the next week, and after computing the time he fills out the amount due each employee and enters it in his roll book. The time cards may be had in all colors. In this case we will use straw color for the day time cards, and for job time a different color for the employees of each department using the same clock. There should be a sufficient number of clocks to allow one clock to each hundred employees, or less, if the distance from their department renders it necessary to avoid too much loss of time in registering job time. To ascertain the proper distribution of the time among the different classes of work, or different parts of a machine, or even the different operations on a single part, job cards are used by the workmen in addition to the day time card. They are of a distinctively different color and are made out by the foreman under whom the employee works. These cards give at the top the workman's name and number and specify the work he is engaged upon. He "rings in" this card when he begins work on a job and "rings out" when the job is completed. The foreman sees that he is supplied with a new card to "ring in" when he "rings out" the former one. When a man is running two or more machines on different orders there are as many separate cards as there are order numbers, all "rung in" and "rung out" as if there were but one. The time clerk divides the time accordingly. If one of these machines is much larger than the other and requires much more of a man's time, as for instance, a 60-inch and a 24-inch planer, the job on the larger machine must be charged in proportion. It sometimes happens, however, that in the above case the smaller planer, if on short cuts, will consume the more time. This is a matter for the foreman to determine and advise the timekeeper. If a workman is on a job from day to Job day he uses the same job card, dropping it into the box marked “ Completed" on Saturday night, and receiving a new job card Monday morning. There might be still another box marked, “Job Continued," but the number of boxes would, perhaps, cause confusion. In our case this is avoided by the foreman's stamp, "Completed," when the job is finished. If the job is completed during the day the workman will have the foreman stamp his job card before dropping it in the box. The object of this arrangement for job cards is that the timekeeper may compute the time shown on them and ascertain if it aggregates the amount shown by the day time card by which he is paid. The job time cards are kept in racks or cases similar to those used for the day time cards, the placards over them being lettered, “Job Time Only. IN." and "Job Time Only. OUT.” Total The timekeeper transfers the amounts on the job cards to the job time book, which is ruled up as in Fig. 175. This book may be used as a monthly instead of a weekly account if desired. This account of job time will be a check against the foreman's account given on the material and cost card which goes with the work through the different departments, and is finally turned in to the cost clerk, who may also compare it with the storekeeper's account of stock, material, and purchased parts issued and charged to the different departments. Company For the week ending. JOB NUMBERS Name Rate FIG. 175. The Job Time Book, size of Book, 9 x 12 in. Folds on center line. More or less spoiled work will turn up from time to time; some parts or articles of stock or material will be lost and cannot be accounted for; some that will be found defective; and some parts rejected by the inspector. To replace these will require separate consideration and treatment from the routine manufacture. In the case of the manufacture of small parts in quantity, to be turned into the finished parts storeroom, the count, as they go from one department to another, will be lessened as parts are spoiled or rejected and the cost per piece will be correspondingly increased. But in case a certain number of parts are required to be made on an order we must devise a means for the issue of stock and material to replace that defective, lost, spoiled or rejected, and under proper safeguards to prevent misuse. This will be by a special requisition, signed by the foreman of the department and approved by the assistant superintenddent, specifying what is wanted and the reasons why it is required, that is, to replace defective material, spoiled, or rejected parts, etc. This requisition should be made in duplicate, one copy retained by the storekeeper and the other filled out with the costs and sent with the articles to the department requiring them. Fig. 176 is the form to be used. Name of JOB TIME No. In filling out this blank the words "Defective Material, Spoiled Material, Lost Material, and Rejected Parts," that are not needed may be erased by drawing a line through them. These articles will be charged by the foreman on the material card and to the labor account, adding so much to the cost of the work. We will now consider consumable stock, material, tools, and supplies and how they are to be treated. Coal for boilers, for cupolas, for forge shops; coke for foundry and forge shop; charcoal for forge shop; wood, etc., will be purchased in large quantities, as will also molding sand for foundry and stored for use. FIG. 177. Size, 51 x 8 in. Color, Chocolate. Returns of amounts used will be made to the cost clerk weekly. This return for fuel is shown in Fig. 177. The weekly return for molding sand, etc., will be a similar form. These are filled out in duplicate, one part being retained by the department from which it comes. Consumable stock, materials, and tools for the different departments are drawn on requisitions made in duplicate, one part retained by the storekeeper and the other returned with the articles as an invoice, by which method each |