shown, will be amply strong for loads up to two tons. The top planks are fastened down with x 4 inch lag screws, the heads with washers under them, and let in flush with the top of the planks so as to offer no obstructions. The frame is fastened, as will be seen, with x 6 inch machine bolts, the nuts of which are placed in mortises. The axle boxes are solid and fastened to the car frame by x 4 inch lag screws, and are also held rigid by ribs let into the side timbers, as shown. So far we have considered only the plain platform car, which will be used for perhaps a majority of the transportation of material and stock about the plant. But there will be a demand for cars for special work, where a car of special construction and adapted to the conditions will be vastly more convenient, and better suited to the purposes for which it is used. As it has been the aim in designing and arranging this system of shop and yard tracks, and the necessary equipment for them on such a plan, that all the work of construction and installation may be done on the premises, and at moderate 2 × 72 × 28 " " expense, the same idea has been carried out in reference to what may be dignified in railroad parlance as the "rolling stock" or equipment for it. With this idea in view, the different styles of cars represented in Figs. 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, and 151 have been designed to meet the requirements of actual practice in the regular routine business of the machine shop and the various departments necessarily connected with it. FIG. 142. -21% " - End Elevation of Tram Car. The plain platform car, suitable for use in the shops, was seen in Figs. 141, 142, 143, and 144. This form is the basis of all the cars shown in the succeeding illustrations. Fig. 145 shows a car with stakes, supported in ordinary cast iron stake pockets bolted to the frame of the car, proper recesses having been cut in the top planking or platform of the car to accommodate them. These stakes may usually be 20 to 24 inches in height from the top of the car platform, and 21 x 3 inches at the largest part. Such a car will be useful for transporting lumber in long or short lengths, for forgings, for small boxes, or bundles of manufactured stock to be shipped, as well as many other uses which will readily suggest themselves. In Fig. 146 is shown an ordinary platform car having a box of 1 to 2 inch plank, held together by rods, as shown, and held in place on the car platform by the straps A A, so as to be readily removable and adaptable to any of the regular sized cars. This form of car is very useful in transporting lots of small castings, forgings, drop forgings, partially finished work, and any kind of stock and material which may be handled roughly and is not too large or clumsy for piling in such a box. Fig. 147 shows a car specially arranged for transporting spindles, short shafts, and similar work which have been finish turned, ground, or have passed through such operations as render their careful handling necessary. In this case a sub-base of 11-inch plank is placed two or three inches above the car platform, and a similar one at a proper height above it to accommodate the work to be handled. These supporting planks are perforated with holes of a proper size to suit the work. They are supported and held in place by plank ends, corner posts, or in any convenient manner. These supporting shelves or frames may be attached to the car as a part of it, or they may be made removable like the box shown in Fig. 146. This form furnishes a safe and convenient method of handling this class of work. FIG. 144.-Section of Car Wheel. Fig. 148 shows a car arranged with racks for holding a series of trays for the reception and transportation of small, finished parts, or parts going from the machines to the polishing room, plating room, finished parts storeroom, etc. Such cars may be constructed to take trays the full size of the car platform, one half, or one third of it, or for any combination of these sizes, the trays sliding into their places like the printer's type cases. They will be found very convenient for handling and for accounting for small parts in their transit through the shop. Figs. 149 and 150 show a dumping car, arranged from one of the regular cars, with the platform omitted. As will be seen, the box or body of the car is not pivoted upon trunnions, but supported upon a cast iron rack, with cast teeth, at each end of the car, this rack being engaged by a toothed segment fixed to the car body as shown. The object of using this toothed device in preference to simple trunnions or pivots is to carry the car body toward the side where the load is to be deposited when the car is dumped. The device FIG. 147.-Car Arranged for Special Work. FIG. 148.-Car Arranged for Trays. is simple and effective. The side supports, A A, are pivoted to the frame of the car and are used to hold the car body in its normal position. The sides of the car body are pivoted at the top, as shown in Fig. 150, and held or released by a simple latch at their lower edge. A small safety chain may be added on each side to prevent the car body from becoming unshipped by careless dumping. These cars may be used in transporting coal, ashes, coke, molding sand, and all similar materials which may be quickly unloaded by dumping. Those used for carrying coal to the boiler room may have a horizontal shelf on a level with the bottom of the car body, and on the side toward the boilers. FIG. 151. — Double Car. Two Cars and a Special Platform. Side Elevation of Dump Car. But the dumping car, as removal of ashes. For convenient to shovel coal from. Fig. 151 shows a large car formed by placing upon two It will be readily seen that such a car will carry double A Car. the weight of the ordinary FIG. 150.-End Elevation of Dump platform car as the weight is distributed upon eight wheels instead of four. Cars for use in the yards may be heavier and longer than those used in the shops if the conditions demand such increase. For instance, the cars may be made 38 inches wide and 6 feet long instead of 34 inches by 5 feet. The frames should then be of 3 x 8 inch instead of 24 x 7 inch timbers. The wheel base should remain the same, in order to facilitate the passage of the car around the curves. As to the number of cars necessary for the equipment of the entire plant, much will depend, of course, upon the particular character of the work to be done, but in a general way it may be stated somewhat as follows: Of the ordinary flat cars, as shown in Figs. 141, 142, and 143, there will he needed 16 cars, distributed among the different departments. Of these, 6 at least should have stake pockets and a sufficient number of stakes provided for them to give ten stakes to a car. There should also be 10 of the removable boxes shown in Fig. 146 for use on them if needed. There should be 6 dump cars for use in the yard, foundry, and boiler house. The special cars shown in Figs. 147 and 148, and such modifications of them as may be necessary, will be used mostly in the machine shop galleries, and their number will be determined to a very large extent by the kind of work that is to be done. There should be at least two of the platforms shown in Fig. 151, to be used on any of the flat cars. The number of cars above mentioned is considered really essential to the proper handling of the usual classes of stock and material, but a larger equipment will doubtless be advisable whenever the first cost is not closely limited, as a lack of proper transportation facilities, while there may be a saving in first cost, will prove a matter of continual expense in not being able to handle stock and material to advantage, and with the economy of labor cost that a complete equipment would permit to be done with ease. |