related to this subject will be discussed in detail in articles on the management of the work of the establishment. The speedy and economical transportation of small tools to and from the general tool room is a problem that, while of acknowledged importance in any large establishment, is of sufficient moment in many shops of more moderate dimensions, and should receive a larger share of consideration than is generally given to it. The requirements of modern shop practice that the employees should not leave their machines to grind tools, or to go to the tool room to procure or to return them, becomes a large factor in the problem of their quick transportation, and even with the system of errand boys to do this work there are many conditions of the modern shop where a good and efficient system of transportation in both vertical and horizontal directions becomes a necessity, if we consider economy along with efficiency. For instance: In a large plant of one floor, it may not be convenient to locate the tool room near the center of the machine shop for the purpose of shortening the lines of travel of the errand boys. Or, if so located, these lines may still be so long as to cause a considerable loss of time. In this case the establishing of auxiliary tool rooms, while of considerable advantage in the distribution of tools, still leaves the transportation problem untouched and out of the question. Again, in shops consisting of several floors, as many in the crowded cities must necessarily be, the vertical transportation of tools from a general tool room to and from the several floors should be accomplished as quickly and with as little manual labor as may be. B ய d FIG. 86. — Fixed Terminal Hanger of Horizontal Carrying FIG. 87. FIG. 88. Intermediate Support and Adjustable Terminal Hanger of Horizontal System. Ш System. These being the conditions, it becomes necessary to devise a system of transportation that will accomplish the required results in as economical and efficient a manner as possible, and at the same time occupy as little space in the shop as may be, and that shall not be liable to frequent interruptions from getting out of order. It must, therefore, be some overhead system, when used for horizontal transportation; it must be simple and of as few parts as possible so as to be inexpensive, and to be less liable to disarrangement; and it must practically take care of itself under all ordinary circumstances. It is believed that the system herein shown and described, if properly constructed and installed, will fulfil all these conditions satisfactorily. In the engravings accompanying this description, Figs. 86, 87 and 88 represent the system of horizontal transportation, and Figs. 89 and go that for vertical service. The horizontal system consists of a half-inch braided cotton. sash cord, fitted with metal couplings and passing over comparatively large sheaves at each terminal. Upon this carrying cord are suspended hanging receptacles of suitable ท Tool form and dimensions for holding the tools to be transported. Fig. 86 is a side elevation of the fixed terminal, the shaft b, upon which is fixed the main sheave B, being journaled in the hangers A, one of which is of sufficient length to furnish a bearing for the shaft, while the other has formed upon it a curved arm a, in the outer end of which is journaled the sheave C, for the purpose of supporting the carrying cord d, at the point where the carrier leaves the cord in coming to rest. Fixed to the extending arm a is an inverted U-shaped piece of sheet metal D, covering the carrying cord d, and furnishing a resting place for the carrier. This carrier is composed of a box E, of sheet or cast metal, with a curved bottom as shown, and suspended by the malleable iron supports F F. These are shown in end elevation, the supporting sheaves F E FIGS. 89 and 90.- End View of Intermediate Support for Horizontal in section, in Fig. 89, which shows the supporting sheaves G G and the bracket H, on which they are journaled. This device is also shown in front elevation in Fig. 87. This supporting device should be located at suitable distances along the line according to the loads to be carried, but always near enough to each other to prevent undue shocks as the carriers pass over the supporting sheaves. The carriers shown are of simple form and will be most useful for carrying the usual variety of small tools. Any convenient form may be used, however, the center of gravity being always kept directly under the carrying cord d. They may be made with considerably less drop from the carrying cord, for most kinds of tools, this distance being reduced nearly one half, which will cause them to move with less shock and less of the swinging motion as they pass along. They should never be relatively lower from the carrying cord than is here shown. Fig. 88 shows the adjustable terminal hanger K, and its connections. In this case two hangers are cast on a plate L, or permanently fixed to it, one of them having a projecting arm k, carrying the supporting sheave P, and being provided with the U-shaped cord shield n, similar to that shown at D, Fig. 86. The plate L is arranged to slide upon the plate M, and is secured to it by two bolts as shown. The adjusting screw R is provided for taking up any slack that may be in the carrying cord d. The main sheave, J, is fixed upon the shaft j, which is journaled in the hangers K. In operation, the device is driven from a pulley of suitable size on the shaft b, and at such a speed as will give sufficient momentum to the carrier E, to cause the carrier arms F F to ride up on the whole length of the cord shields D and n, and stop there with very little shock, the carrying cord running in the direction of the arrows. In use the carriers have only to be taken off and hung upon the returning portion of the carrying cord to return the empty or loaded carrier. Upon the arrival of a carrier it glides up on the cord shield Dorn, and remains there until removed. Should a second carrier arrive before this one is removed no harm is done, although it is expected that they will be removed as soon as they arrive. The cord shields Dn may be made long enough to accommodate two carriers, but this will seldom be found necessary. The vertical system is shown in Figs. 89 and 90 and consists of two parallel chains A A, passing over the sprocket wheels B B at the top and under similar ones at the bottom. These chains may be driven from either the upper or lower shaft as may be most convenient. Pivoted to these chains are the carriers C C C, which may be made of cast or sheet metal, and so formed, with the center of gravity considerably below the pivots, that they may always remain right side up, even when passing over the shaft b. These carriers should be about eight feet apart on the chains, and they should be painted a different color for each floor to which they are consigned, so that their contents may be readily removed at the proper destination without stopping the movement of the device for that purpose, it being understood that all descending carriers are consigned to the tool room on the first floor, or toward it, provided it is located on any other floor. These carriers may be so constructed as to automatically dump their contents at the proper floor without the attention of an attendant for that purpose. This system may be used in situations where continued vertical and horizontal transportation is wanted, by running the chains over guiding sprocket wheels at the proper turning points, as the carriers will always maintain their proper positions no matter what may be the direction of movement of the chains. However, for long horizontal distances this system will not be found as economical or as efficient as the first method described. The chain system should be run at a much slower speed than the cord system, as the carriers should be unloaded while in motion, while those on the cord system come to full stop until they are again wanted. Each will be found to be best adapted to its own particular sphere of usefulness as herein described. In the rough stock room the cases are also arranged in alcoves, and are of the form shown in Fig. 91. These are made wider at the base to accom modate larger articles which are more conveniently handled at this height than higher. The construction is plainly shown in the drawing. At the upper portion plain shelves are provided to hold articles seldom used or of such | irregular form as are not convenient to store in bins as arranged below. These may be constructed with a retaining strip at each side, thus forming bins all the way across the case, if the form of the articles stored renders it necessary. In Fig. 92 is shown a modified form of these cases, in which the center portion has formed in it compartments aa, in which may be stored round and square cold drawn steel, brass tubing, and similar articles, in a safe and convenient manner and without occupying any additional floor space. Fig. 93 shows a |