An End to Poverty?: A Historical DebateColumbia University Press, 2005 - 278 стор. In the 1790s, for the first time, reformers proposed bringing poverty to an end. Inspired by scientific progress, the promise of an international economy, and the revolutions in France and the United States, political thinkers such as Thomas Paine and Antoine-Nicolas Condorcet argued that all citizens could be protected against the hazards of economic insecurity. In An End to Poverty? Gareth Stedman Jones revisits this founding moment in the history of social democracy and examines how it was derailed by conservative as well as leftist thinkers. By tracing the historical evolution of debates concerning poverty, Stedman Jones revives an important, but forgotten strain of progressive thought. He also demonstrates that current discussions about economic issues--downsizing, globalization, and financial regulation--were shaped by the ideological conflicts of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Paine and Condorcet believed that republicanism combined with universal pensions, grants to support education, and other social programs could alleviate poverty. In tracing the inspiration for their beliefs, Stedman Jones locates an unlikely source-Adam Smith. Paine and Condorcet believed that Smith's vision of a dynamic commercial society laid the groundwork for creating economic security and a more equal society. But these early visions of social democracy were deemed too threatening to a Europe still reeling from the traumatic aftermath of the French Revolution and increasingly anxious about a changing global economy. Paine and Condorcet were demonized by Christian and conservative thinkers such as Burke and Malthus, who used Smith's ideas to support a harsher vision of society based on individualism and laissez-faire economics. Meanwhile, as the nineteenth century wore on, thinkers on the left developed more firmly anticapitalist views and criticized Paine and Condorcet for being too "bourgeois" in their thinking. Stedman Jones however, argues that contemporary social democracy should take up the mantle of these earlier thinkers, and he suggests that the elimination of poverty need not be a utopian dream but may once again be profitably made the subject of practical, political, and social-policy debates. |
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... centuries./ Paine and Condorcet believed that republicanism combined with universal pensions , grants to sup- port education , and other social programs could alleviate poverty . In tracing the inspiration for their beliefs , Stedman ...
... century , about the possibility of a world without poverty . These arguments were no longer about Utopia in an age - old sense . They were inspired by a new question : whether scientific and economic progress could abolish poverty , as ...
... century . Furthermore , its replacement , both in economic theory and in social policy of a language of civil society and political participation by a language of ' natural forces ' , legitimated and institutionalised a fear and suspi ...
... century moral and social sciences , to form the social underpinnings of a viable republic ? As this book makes clear in its discussion of the reaction to the proposals of Condorcet and Paine in anti - Jacobin England and post - Jacobin ...
... centuries following 1789. The tax and welfare policies of Condorcet and Paine , when not wholly forgotten , were only ... century , the tradition which pushed the interpretation of Smith rightwards , from Hayek to Himmelfarb , built up a ...
Зміст
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION | 16 |
THE REACTION IN BRITAIN | 64 |
THE REACTION IN FRANCE | 110 |
GLOBALISATION THE PROLETARIAT AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION | 133 |
THE WEALTH OF MIDAS | 163 |
RESOLVING THE SOCIAL PROBLEM | 199 |
CONCLUSION | 224 |
NOTES | 236 |
270 | |