Pakht and Bast: a goddess of two forms,
lioness-headed or cat-headed. At
Memphis Pakht was worshipped as
wife of Phtha; at Bubastis, Bast was
adored as daughter of Isis.
Nefer Atum: worshipped at Heliopolis
as the son of Phtha. Like Osiris (see
below) he is the sun of the under-
world.
Seb: the father of the Osirian gods. He
is the god of earth and its vegeta-
tion; represented as a man with the
head of a goose; he corresponds
with the Greek Cronus; his consort
was Nut.
Nut: wife of Seb, mother of the Osirian
gods; the vault of heaven; she may
be likened to the Greek Rhea.
Osiris, or Hesiri: the good principle.
Identified with the vivifying power of
the sun, and of the waters of the Nile.
In general, the most human and most
beneficent of the Egyptian deities. He
is the son of Seb (or, according to
some, of Neph, Chnuphis). He may
be likened to the Greek Apollo, as a
representative of spiritual light; to
Dionysus in his vivifying function. He
wages war with his brother Seth (Set),
the principle of Evil, but is vanquished
by him, boxed in a chest, drowned,
and finally cut into small pieces. His
sister-wife Isis recovers all but one
piece of the body of O., and buries
them. He becomes protector of the
shades, judge of the underworld, the
sun of the night, the tutelary deity of
the Egyptians. He is avenged by his
son Horus, who, with the aid of Thoth
(reason) temporarily overcomes Seth.
The myth may refer to the daily strug-
gle of the sun with darkness, and also
to the unending strife of good with
evil, the course of human life, and of
the life after death. O. is represented
as a mummy crowned with the Egyp-
tian mitre.
I'sis, or Hes: the wife and feminine
counterpart of Osiris. Represented as
a woman crowned with sun's disk or
cow's horns, bearing also upon her
head her emblem, the throne.
Ho'rus, or Har: son of Osiris and Isis,
who, as the strong young sun of the
day, avenges his father, the sun of the
underworld. He is Horus the child,
Horus the elder (as taking the place
of his father on earth), or sometimes
Horus Harpocrates, the god of silence.
As the latter, he holds a finger to his
lips. He may be compared with the
Greek Apollo.
Harpoc'ra-tes: see Horus.
Ha'thor, or Athor: a goddess often
identified with Isis. She had the head
of a cow and wears the sun's disk, and
plumes. Her name means "Home of
Horus." She has characteristics of the
Greek Aphrodite.
Seth, or Set: the principle of physical,
and later of moral, darkness and evil.
He is the opponent of his brother, or
father, Osiris. Represented as a mon-
ster with ass's body, jackal's ears and
snout, and the tail of a lion.
Nephthys: a goddess of the dead; the
sister of Isis, and wife of Seth. She
aided Isis to recover the drowned
Osiris.
A'pis: the sacred bull, into which the
life of Osiris was supposed to have
passed. The name also indicates the
Nile. The bull Apis must have cer-
tain distinguishing marks; he was
treated like a god; and on his death
(he was drowned at twenty-five years
of age) the land went into mourning
until his successor was found. He was
worshipped with pomp in Memphis.
See Serapis.
Sera'pis (or Ser'apis; cf. Milton, P. L.
1: 720) as Apis represents the living
Osiris, so S. the Osiris who had passed
into the underworld.
Ra: originally the deity of the physical
attributes of the sun; but ultimately
the representative of supreme godhead.
Worshipped through all Egypt, and
associated with other gods who are
then manifestations of his various at-
the ostrich feather which signifies truth.
She is the wife of Thoth.
Thoth the chief moon-god; character-
ized by his wisdom, and his patronage
of letters. Husband of Ma-t.
Anubis: son of Osiris. Guide of ghosts.
Eileithy'ia (Ilithy' ia), the name of a
goddess, or of goddesses, of childbirth;
later identified with Diana; Com. § 39.
Shu: the solar light; son of Ra, Mentu, Elec'tra, (1) a Pleiad, 147, 148; Com.
or Atmu.
2. Ammon, or Amen: "the hidden," a de-
ity of the Egyptian Thebes; generally
associated in attributes with some other
god. As Amen-Ra he is the king of
Theban gods, the divinity of the sun.
He is of human form; rarely with a
goat's head as represented by the
Greeks. He corresponds to the Greek
Zeus. As Amen-Khem he is the god
of productivity, and is represented with
a flail in his hand. His consort is
Mut, or Maut, and their son is Khuns.
Mut, or Maut: the mother; the Theban
goddess of womanhood, wife of Amen-
Ra. She corresponds to the Greek
Demeter.
Khuns: son of Ammon and Maut; a
divinity of the moon. He is some-
times hawk-headed; generally invested
with the disk and crescent of the
Neph, Chnuphis, Khnum, Num, or Nu:
the soul of the universe; the word or
will of Ammon-Ra; the creator. Rep-
resented with the head of a ram.
Khem, Chem (cf. Milton's Cham), called
also Min: the energizing principle of
physical life. Associated with both
Ammon and Osiris. His counterpart
in classical mythology is Pan, or, as
god of gardens, Priapus.
Neith: goddess of the upper heaven;
self-produced; mother of the sun;
goddess, consequently, of wisdom, the
arts of peace and of war. Likened by
the Greeks to Athena. Worshipped
in Lower Egypt as a woman in form,
with bow and arrows in her hand.
Ma-t: goddess of truth; her emblem
§§ 91, 132 (5), 165 (5), geneal. tables;
(2) daughter of Agamemnon, 310;
Com. §§ 165 (2), 170.
Elec'tryon, 231, 234.
Elegiac poets of Rome, 29.
Eleusin'ia, Eleusinian mysteries; Eleu-
sis, 23, 182, 184; Com. §§ 105, 106.
Eleu'sis; see above.
Eleu'tho; see Eileithyia.
Elfheim, 369, 387, 388.
Elgin marbles, Com. § 35.
E'lis, 190, et passim; Com. § 88.
Elli, 377-379.
Elves, 369, 387; Com. §§ 177–184.
Elvidnir, 370.
Elys'ium, Elysian Plain, 75; description
of E. Fields, 81, 82; Andrew Lang's
Fortunate Islands, 82, 348-352; Com.
§ 48.
Ema'thia: Thessaly, or Pharsalia.
Embla, 367.
Encel'adus, a Giant, 42.
Enche'lians, the country of, 117; Com.
§ 70.
Endym'ion, 2, 142; myth of, 149, 150,
250; Com. § 92; genealogy, §§ 132 (3),
132 (5), 148.
Eni'peus, 190; Com. § 109.
En'na, 144, 182; Com. § 88.
Enya'lius: the horrible, the warlike; an
epithet for Mars.
Eny'o, mother, daughter, sister, or wife
of Mars; the horror, 58; also one of
the three Grææ.
E'os, 73; see Aurora.
Epe'üs: the artificer of the Wooden
Horse.
Ep aphus, 224; Com. § 75.
Eph'esus, Diana of, Com. § 39; Venus
of, Com. § 40.
E-phial'tes, 120; Com. § 21.
Epics; see under Homer, Vergil, Võl- Eumen'i-des, 264; Com. § 51; see Furies.
sunga-Saga, Nibelungenlied, Mahâb-|
hârata, Râmâyana.
Ep-idau'rus, 260.
Epig'oni, 276.
Ep-imen'i-des: a Cretan herdsman who
awoke from a sleep of 57 years to find
himself endowed with gifts of prophecy,
purification, and priestcraft.
Ep-ime'theus, 43; marries Pandora, 45;
Com. §§ 22-25.
Er'ato, the Muse of love poetry, 72.
Er'ebus, 37, 38, 183, 267, 355; Com.
§§ 17, 51, 94.
E-rech'theus (trisyl.), 258; Com. § 151.
Er-ichtho'nius (1), 224; descendants of,
258-268; Theseus, 259; Theseus and
Ariadne, 260-266; Theseus and Ama-
zons, and Pirithous, 267; Phædra and
Hippolytus, 268; Com. §§ 132 (4), 151.
Er-ichtho'nius (2), son of Dardanus,
and fourth king of Troy ;
§ 165 (5).
E-rid'anus, Com. § 75.
E-ri'nys, E-rin'y-es; see Furies.
Er-iphy'le, 273, 274; Com. § 70.
E'ris, 73; (Discors) see Discord.
E'ros, 37, 38; Com. § 17; see under
Cupid.
Er-yci'na: Venus, to whom Mount Eryx
and the city of that name, with its tem-
ple of Venus, were sacred, 263; Com.
§ 40.
Er-yman'thus, Mount, 143; Erymanth.
Boar, 235; Com. §§ 88, 139-143 (In-
terp.).
Er-ysich'thon, myth of, 209.
Er-ythe'a, island of, 237.
Er-ythe'is, one of the Hesperides.
E'ryx, Mount, 66, 181; Com. § 105, 106.
Eskimos, 21.
Ete'o-cles, 272-274; Com. §§ 158-164.
Etruscans, 90, 359.
Etzel, "Lament over the Heroes of," 33;
see under Attila.
Eumol'pus and Eumolpida; a Thracian
singer and his descendants, priests of
Demeter in the Eleusinian mysteries.
Euphros'y-ne, one of the Graces, 71.
Eurip'i-des, 27; references to, 136, 234,
269, 273, 274, 288, 308, 309, 310, 312;
transl. Com. II.
Euro'pa, 92; myth of, 95-98; portrayed
by Arachne, 111, 257; Com. § 59, table
D; § 61, table E and notes.
Eury'a-le; one of the Gorgons.
Eury'alus, 360–362.
Euryb'i-e, a Titan, wife of Creus; Com.
§ 17.
Euryd'i-ce, 185-188, 220; Com. § 107.
Euryl'ochus, 318, 319.
Euryn'o-me, 117; Com. §§ 17, 71.
Euryphaës'sa, Com. § 17.
Eurys'theus, 234.
Euryt'ion, 237, 267.
Euter'pe, the muse of lyric poetry, 72.
Euxine Sea, 246.
Evan'der, 274, 357-363.
Eve and the apple, 12.
E'vius, Com. § 46; see Bacchus.
Fable, definition of, 1; distinguished from
myth, 1-3; some writers of, 2.
Fair, Brown, and Trembling, story of;
analogy of incident, Com. § 94.
Famine (personified), 209.
Farbanti, 369.
Fate (Greek Anan'ke, Latin Fa'tum) the
necessity behind and above gods as
well as men.
Fates, the (Greek Mæ'ræ, Latin Par'ca),
subject to Jupiter; their office, 72;
daughters of Themis, or of Night, 72,
132, 184, 254, 277; song of, 279, 280;
Com. § 43 (6).
Fau'ni, Fauns, Com. § 56, 117.
Euhem'erus (Eu-em'erus) and Euhem- Fau'nus, 89, 203, 204, 208, 213, 215, 354:
Flo'ra, 87; loved by Zephyrus, 73, 89; Giants, Greek (Gi-gan'tes), 39; war of,
Fox and Grapes, referred to, I.
Freya, 369, 371, 372, 386.
41, 42; Com. § 21.
Giants, Norse, 366, 369.
Ginungagap, 366.
Giselher, 401.
Giuki, 397.
Freyr, 369, 379, 386, 387, 388; Com. Gladsheim, 367.
Frigga, 368, 380, 381, 382, 386; Com.
§§ 177-184.
Frost Giant (Ymir), 366, 386, 388.
Frost Giants, 371.
Fu'riæ, Furies (Erin'y-es, Di'ræ, Eu-
men'i-des, Sem'næ: Alec'to, Tisiph'-
o-ne, Megæ'ra), 39, 81; attendants of
Proserpine, 83, 84; mollified by
Orpheus, 186; 190, 213, 311, 312, 345-
350; Com. § 51.
Gæ'a, Ge, or Terra, 38, 39, 42, 76; or
the Roman Tellus, 88; see under
Earth.
Gal-ate'a, the Nereid, 85, 203; myth of
Acis, Polyphemus, and G., 215-217;
Com. § 126.
Glau'ce (or Creü'sa), 249; Com. §§ 144-
147 (Interp.).
Glau'cus; formerly a fisherman of
Boeotia, afterward a sea-god, 87, 217,
222; Com. § 127; sometimes confused
in mythology with the following:
Glau'cus of Corinth, son of Sisyphus,
and father of Bellerophon, 231.
Glau'cus, grandson of Bellerophon, in
the Trojan War, 287.
Gleipnir, 370.
Glistenheath, 395.
Glyptothek, Munich; of King Louis I.
of Bavaria; one of the finest collec-
tions of ancient statuary in the world.
Gnos'sus (Cno'sus, Cnos'sus), the
ancient capital of Crete; home of
Minos, 264.
Gal-ate'a and Pygmalion, 167; Com. Gods, the Egyptian, see under Egypt.
Gan-yme'da; a name of Hebe.
Ganymede, 71; Com. § 43 (2).
Gardens of Hesperides, Com. §§ 133-137.
Ga'thas, 36.
Gautama; see Buddha.
Ge; see Gaa and Earth.
Gem'ini; see Tyndaridæ, 282.
Ge'nius, the Roman tutelary spirit, 89,
German heroes, myths, and lays, 20, 392-
404; Com. §§ 185, 186.
German mythology, records of, 33, 34;
narrative, 399-403; translations and
Gods, the great, of Greece, origin of,
38; enumerated, 52; discussed by
Gladstone, Com, § 32; attributes of gods
of Olympus, 51-73; lesser divinities of
Olympus, 70-73; Greek gods of the
earth, 74-77; Greek gods of the un-
derworld, 78-84; lesser divinities of
the underworld, 83-84; older and
younger Greek dynasties of the waters,
greater and lesser divinities, 85-87;
gods common to Greece and Italy, 88;
distinctively Roman, 88-90; derived
from Etruscan, 90; myths of great
Greek divinities of heaven, 91-173;
of earth, 174-180; of earth and under-
world, 181-188; of waters, 189-191;
of lesser divinities of heaven, 192-199;
of lesser divinities of earth and under-
world, 200-214; of lesser divinities of
waters, 215-222; of the Norse gods,
366-391.
Hagen, 400-404; Com. §§ 185, 186.
Halcy'o-ne, 192; and Ceyx, myth of,
194-196; Com. § 112.
Ham-adry'ads, 204; myths of, 208-212.
Happy Isles, the, 337.
Gods, the Hindoo; see under Hindoo Harmo'nia, 98; and Cadmus, 117; her
divinities.
Gods, the Norse, 366-391.
Golden Age, the, 43.
Golden Ass, the, 29.
Golden Fleece, the quest of, 223, 244-
247; Com. §§ 144-147.
necklace, 117, 175, 273, 276; Com.
§ 70.
Harpies, the, (Harpy'iæ) described, 86,
339, 354 Com. § 52-54; geneal.
table C.
Harpoc'ra-tes; see Egyptian deities (1).
Gol'gi; a city of Cyprus, beloved by Hathor, Athor; see Egyptian deities (1).
Venus, 261.
Gordian Knot (Gor'dius), Com. § 104.
Gor'gons (Sthe'no, Eury'a-le, Medu'sa),
described, 86, 225; Com. §§ 133-137;
see Medusa.
Gothland, Goths, 392, 393.
Graces, (Gra'tiæ or Char'i-tes), 64, 65;
attributes of, and names, 71; Spenser,
on the Graces, 71, 96, 200; Com. § 43
(3).
Græ'æ, Gray-women (Di'no, Pephre'-
do, Eny'o), described, 86; and Per-
seus, 225; Com. §§ 133-137.
Gram, 395, 398, 399.
Greek, Greeks, 14, 15, 19; myths of
creation, 37; and see under Gods,
Heroes, Myths.
Greyfell, 395, 397, 399.
Gunther, 400-404; Com. §§ 185, 186.
Guttorm, 397-399.
Heaven, abode of Greek gods, 51; see
Olympus; attributes of Greek gods of,
51; myths of greater Greek gods, 91-
173; of lesser, 192–199.
Heaven personified, 37, 38; see under
Uranus.
He'be, 51; daughter of Juno, 52. 55:
attributes of, wife of Hercules, 71, 113,
242, 247; Com. § 43 (2).
He'brus, 188.
Hec'a-be; see Hecuba.
Hec'a-te, described, 84, 246, 247, 345;
Com. § 51.
Hec-atonchi'res, 38, 40; Com. § 17.
Hec'tor, 287, 293-302; Com. §§ 165 (5),
Helgi, the Hunding's Bane, 32.
Gy'es or Gy' ges, Centim'anus, Com. Helenus, 23, 340; Com. § 165 (5).
§ 17.
Gy'ges, the first king of Lydia; famous He-li'a-des, 125; Com. § 75.
for his riches.
Ha'des, Com. § 48; see under Pluto.
Ha'des, realm of, 69, 78; Com. § 48; see
Underworld.
Hæ'mon, 275; Com. §§ 158-164.
Hæmo'nia, 196.
Hæ'mus, Mount, 124; Com. § 75.
Hel'icon, Mount, 124; Com. § 75.
He'lios, confounded with Apollo, 61;
his family, 73; the sun, 75, 189; Com.
§§ 17, 75.
Hel'le, 244; Com. §§ 144–147.
Hel'len, ancestor of the Hellenes, 49;
his sons, 49, 231, 244; Com. §§ 59.
132 (5).
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